Five tour guide words of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

The Mogao Grottoes not only have exquisite colored sculptures, but also have more than 45,000 square meters of magnificent murals. Many tourists come here to travel, and the tour guide will explain the attractions of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes to the tourists. The following is the guide of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. I hope you like it!

Guide words of Dunhuang Mogao grottoes 1

Dear friends:

Hello, guys. Now I will take you to visit the world-famous Buddhist art treasure house-Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Mogao grottoes is 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang city. I will use this time to make a brief introduction to the Mogao Grottoes.

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and Datong Yungang Grottoes are also called the three major grottoes in China. Mogao Grottoes are 128 years earlier than Longmen Grottoes and 94 years earlier than Yungang Grottoes. The Mogao Grottoes are famous for their age. The scale of architecture, the number of murals, the number of statues and the integrity of preservation are famous for their profound artistic value, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Tourists come one after another in a year, which plays an important role in promoting cultural exchanges, spreading theories, promoting national art and carrying out patriotic education. The mural art of Mogao Grottoes is not found in Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, and it is incomparable to any cave temple in the world. It is the essence of Mogao Grottoes. If you connect these 45,000 square meters of murals one by one, it will be 25 kilometers long. If you put these murals on the roadside, you can form a long gallery from downtown to Mogao Grottoes. It is called "a big gallery" by Japanese scholars because of its large scale, wide range of subjects and exquisite art. French scholars call it "the library on the wall"; As a scholar said with emotion after seeing the Mogao Grottoes, "Seeing the Li Huang Grottoes means seeing the ancient civilization of the world".

Gaoxiang Cave is commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave. The "thousand" here does not refer to a specific number, but to many things. Because there are many Buddhist statues and murals in the cave, it is commonly known as the "Thousand Buddha Cave". The name of Mogao Grottoes first appeared in the inscription of Cave 423 in Sui Dynasty. There are different opinions about the origin of its name, and there are roughly three versions. First, it is said that the Gao Fei Grottoes are named after being dug high in the desert. In ancient Chinese, the word "Mo" in "Mo" and the word "Mo" in "Mogao Grottoes" are interchangeable words. Secondly, according to the documents unearthed in the Tibetan Sutra Cave and many documents in the Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang County in Shazhou in the Tang Dynasty was called "the mountain of desert" and "the desert Korea". According to this research, Mingsha Mountain was also called desert mountain in Sui and Tang Dynasties, so the grottoes were named after nearby towns and villages. The third is that the sound of "Mogao" means liberation in Sanskrit, and "Mogao" is a transliteration of Sanskrit.

Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Dunhuang has always been the settlement of the Han nationality and many ethnic minorities, where the cultures of all ethnic groups meet and blend. Dunhuang is also the throat of the western regions and the eastern Central Plains. Since ancient times, people have been convinced of Buddhism, and local officials, nobles, good men and women, and poor people have taken out silver coins to open caves and make statues and paintings as their own temples to support Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Businessmen, messengers, monks, etc. People who traveled to and from the ancient Silk Road, in order to pray for their own safety, raised the Taklimakan Desert, or with blessings, died and entered the kingdom of heaven. So on the cliff of Mingsha Mountain, large and small caves and shrines are constantly emerging.

It can be seen that the green building in front is the Mogao Grottoes, with its back against Mingsha Mountain and facing three dangerous peaks. The total length of the South and North Grottoes is 1600 meters, and there are 492 existing caves. Caves vary in size, strewn at random up and down, with dense cliffs. Each cave has lifelike statues, elegant flying, exquisite murals and exquisite tiles, forming a whole. The Mogao Grottoes were built in 366 AD, two years earlier than the Qin Dynasty. After the dynasties of Beiliang, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia, Yuan, etc., there are more than 45,000 square meters of existing grotto murals, more than 2,400 statues, the largest statue owner is more than 30 meters, and the largest mural is about 50 square meters. These murals and statues reflect the society, production, life, transportation, architecture, art, music, dance, folk customs, religious beliefs, ideological changes, ethnic relations, and Chinese-foreign exchanges at that time to varying degrees. It lasted for thousands of years in China from the 4th century to14th century. Among the three major grottoes in China, the Mogao Grottoes are the earliest discovered, longest lasting, largest and most abundant grottoes. It also has precious value in the history of world culture. Known as "the treasure of human culture", "the museum of image history" and "the world gallery".

Now I am going to visit the cave. First, we will visit the famous "Tibetan Sutra Cave". This cave is located on the north side of Kavino Tunnel. System engineering, numbered Cave 17. It was originally the "shadow cave" of monks in Hexi, Hong Tong in the late Tang Dynasty, and it was recorded in inscriptions. 1900 One day in May, the Taoist Wang, who was in charge of the Mogao Grottoes, accidentally opened the "Tibetan Sutra Cave" that had been hidden for more than 100 years. These precious cultural relics were finally discovered, but the corruption of Qing Dynasty and the ignorance of Wang made these precious cultural relics plundered and robbed by imperialists. 1905, Obruchev of Russia came to the Mogao grottoes and used six packs of daily necessities as bait to defraud a batch of cultural relics. 1907, the Englishman Stein snatched about 10,000 scrolls with only dozens of horseshoe silver, and more than 500 Buddhist embroidery and paintings are now in the British Museum. 1908, Frenchman Pelliot stole more than 6,000 copies of cultural relics, which are now in the National Library of France and the Ji Mei Museum. 19111Koichiro Yoshikawa and Ju Ruichao of Otani Guangrui Expedition in Japan stole about 900 volumes. It was not until 19 10 that the Qing government transported the looted cultural relics to Beijing and collected them in the Beijing Library. Many cultural relics were stolen, damaged and lost in transit and after being transported to Beijing, which is an inestimable loss in the archaeological history of China. The contents of these documents found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave include religious classics and secular desires written in many languages. They involve many disciplines and are important materials for studying ancient religions, politics, economy, military affairs and culture. After decades of research by scholars at home and abroad, they have developed a brand-new hot subject-Dunhuang studies.

So when and why was the Sutra Cave closed? One is: at the beginning of the eleventh century, Xixia invaded Dundun Dunhuang and hid it to protect the scriptures; One is: store the scriptures that are not used but cannot be discarded; Another is to hide in order to prevent the destruction of Islamists. Later, these classic monks were incorporated, and those who should have escaped fled, and those who should have been secularized died. No one knew about this cave until it was discovered at the beginning of this century.

Next, I will take you to visit Cave 328. The beauty of this cave lies in the statue. Before entering the cave, I will give you an overview of color sculptures. The colored sculptures in Mogao Grottoes include circular sculptures, floating sculptures and shadow sculptures. The smallest is less than an inch, and the largest is 34.5 meters high, making it the fourth largest Buddha statue in the world. Statues are generally made of wood, wrapped in straw, straw, reed, hemp and so on. , then coated with special plastic, carved and finally painted. There are four main types of Buddha statues: (1) Buddha statues, including Sakyamuni, Maitreya, Pharmacist, Amitabha, III Buddha and VII Buddha; (2) Statues of Bodhisattvas, including Guanyin, Manjusri, Pu Xian and offering sacrifices to Bodhisattvas; (3) Disciples, including Ye Jia and Ananda; (4) Statues of gods, including Heavenly Kings, Lux and Lohan. And some animal statues such as ghosts and gods. Due to the different production years, the styles are quite different, especially the styles of "showing bones and clearing images" in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, "Cao clothes coming out of the water" and "Five Dynasties prevailing" in Tang Dynasty, which fully reflected the extraordinary imagination and superb thinking of artists at that time.

Statues are the main body of the grottoes, mostly the combination of 1 Buddha 2 bodhisattvas, which gradually evolved from thick in the early stage to thin in the later stage. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there have been a number of statues of seven or nine bodies, as well as large-scale statues, such as 148, 158 cave-length 16 meters above two nirvana statues, 96 caves with a height of 3,405 meters, and 130 caves with a height of 26 meters.

Cave 285 is the representative cave of Mogao Grottoes in the Western Wei Dynasty. Its architectural form is a square Zen cave with overlapping roofs, which covers the four or five years of the unification of the Western Wei Dynasty. It is the earliest cave in the Mogao Grottoes, with a record of years.

Nanbi Zen Cave is painted with the story of "500 robberies of Buddha's fate". It's about that in ancient India, 500 people rebelled, sent troops to capture them, gouged out their eyes and exiled them to the mountains. They were in great pain and cried out the name of the Buddha. When the Buddha heard this, he was merciful and restored their light with God's efforts, and finally converted 500 robbers to Buddhism. The picture is very realistic, and every link is described in detail. This story is equally instructive to people today. As long as you get lost, it's not too late.

Cave 220 was excavated in the early Tang Dynasty. The north and south walls of this cave were originally covered with murals of the Song Dynasty. 1948 after the damaged thousand Buddha paintings were stripped off, the murals of the early Tang Dynasty were revealed below, which were very fresh and beautiful, extremely well preserved and very beautiful. The south wall is the Pure Land Change of Amitabha, which is painted according to the Amitabha Sutra, and there is a treasure pool surrounded by railings in the middle. Amitabha sits on the lotus platform under the double trees in Shaluo, with the mighty bodhisattvas as the center, and saints such as Bodhisattvas, Tian Fei and geisha Lotte gather. The scene is very spectacular. There is a platform paved with red, green, black and white tiles in front of Baodi. On the front stage, musicians are playing various musical instruments. In the center of the platform, there are two dancers who stand on tiptoe and dance with the rhythm of music, their feathers fluttering and fierce. British architectural art mainly refers to the shape of caves. Grottoes themselves are buildings with three-dimensional space. In the early days, caves were mainly in the form of central towers. When the so-called central tower column is excavated, a square column is left in the center of the hole, and a niche is opened on the column to create a statue in the niche; The cave excavated in the middle period is relatively large, and the central tower column is replaced by the temple-style Moment One. Most of them open large niches on the front wall of the cave to create multi-body statues. The ceiling is covered with buckets, and the patio is beautifully painted. The caves dug in the later period are relatively large, with a depth of 20 to 30 meters, which is called palace caves. There is a Buddhist altar in the center of the cave, on which many large statues are shaped. In addition, there are Zen Cave, Giant Buddha Cave and Nirvana Cave. The transformation and diversification of cave architecture reflects that ancient artists are accepting foreign cultures and melting them into their own. In addition, the Mogao Grottoes also preserve five wooden eaves of the Song Dynasty and a dozen unique pagodas scattered around them. In addition, the pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, temples, cities, houses, Maoxiang, wild shops, etc. painted in the murals constitute a treasure house of architectural art in the Mogao Grottoes, and also a history of Dunhuang architecture.

Guide words of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes II

Last summer vacation, my family visited the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. I heard that the Mogao Grottoes are called Thousand Buddha Caves. Today I can finally see this magical place.

So we followed the guide into the Mogao Grottoes. What I saw was a sea of people and caves. According to the tour guide's explanation, there are 492 grottoes, 24 15 colored sculptures, more than 45,000 square meters of murals and 5 wooden buildings in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The tour guide also said that the Sui people lacked imagination, so the sculpture was relatively dull. By the Tang dynasty, people's understanding of beauty had changed, and sculptors were more active ... but I didn't listen to a word the tour guide said, because my heart had flown to the grottoes.

The tour guide finally took us into the grottoes. It was amazing, including Cangnan and Michelle Ye of Sakyamuni Buddha and other disciples, and the world-famous flying sky ... all lifelike.

The tour guide also told us a past life story of Sakyamuni Buddha before he became a Buddha. Here's the story. Once upon a time, there were three princes. They are all very kind, but the kindest is the little prince. One day, three princes went out to play, and the prince's two brothers were attracted by a beautiful deer. The two brothers just wanted to chase the deer and left the little prince behind. Suddenly, the little prince found a starving tiger, so he lay down and let the tiger eat, but the tiger didn't even have the strength to bite, so he took off his clothes and let the tiger eat ... This story has been passed down to this day. The tour guide also showed us the Buddha statues in 32 grottoes, all of which were lifelike. Some of them sat on plates, some held white jade bottles in their hands, and some stepped on auspicious clouds ... which really made me unforgettable.

Ah! I like the magical and beautiful Mogao grottoes.

Guide words of Dunhuang Mogao grottoes 3

The name of Mogao Grottoes first appeared in the inscription of Cave 423 in Sui Dynasty. There are different opinions about the origin of its name, and there are roughly three opinions: First, it is said that Gao Fei Grottoes are named after being dug in the desert. In ancient Chinese, the desert in the desert and Mogao grottoes are both interchangeable words; Secondly, according to the documents unearthed from the Tibetan Sutra Cave and many documents in the Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang County, a sandbar in the Tang Dynasty, has desert mountains and desert Korea. According to this research, Mingsha Mountain was also called desert mountain in Sui and Tang Dynasties, so the grottoes were named after nearby towns and villages. The third is that Mogao's sound means liberation in Sanskrit, and Mogao is a transliteration of Sanskrit.

story

Mogao grottoes were built in the pre-Qin period. There is a story about the origin of Mogao Grottoes. Once upon a time, there was a monk named Le Zun who swam to the foot of Mingsha Mountain. It is dusk now, and the sun is about to set in the vast desert. He was hungry and looked around blankly. Looking east, he suddenly saw the towering three dangerous peaks shining in the sunset, as if there were thousands of buddhas in them. The monk was stunned by this wonderful sight and was very happy. He immediately bowed down and made a vow to build a cave. He immediately gave alms and dug the first cave. The news spread like wildfire and soon spread in all directions, so many kind men and women came to worship. Later, another Zen master named Fariang dug another hole next to the one dug by Le Zun. But up to now, people don't know which two caves were first dug, because by the time of the Tang Dynasty, there were already more than 1000 caves dug here. No wonder people turn the Mogao Grottoes into Thousand Buddha Caves.

general situation

The Mogao Grottoes have a history of more than 600 years since 1, with 45,000 square meters of murals, more than 2,400 statues and 49 existing caves, which should be regarded as its founding age. The scale of architecture, the number of murals, the number of statues and the integrity of preservation are famous for their profound artistic value, and they are well-known at home and abroad.

wall painting

Speaking of Mogao Grottoes, I have to say her murals. The murals in the Mogao Grottoes are like a huge art exhibition hall, telling people mysterious and profound religious art. The main contents of the murals are statues (Buddha, Bodhisattva, King of Heaven, etc.). ), promote the classic paintings, Buddhist story paintings, Buddhist historical relics and so on. Some murals reflect production and social life, some reflect the architectural modeling of clothing, and some reflect various arts such as music, dance and acrobatics. In short, all kinds of humans are in it. It also opened a window for us to understand the ancients. The mural art of Mogao Grottoes is not found in Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, and it is incomparable to any cave temple in the world. It is the essence of Mogao Grottoes. If you connect these 45,000 square meters of murals one by one, it will be 25 kilometers long. If you put these murals on the roadside, you can form a long gallery from downtown to Mogao Grottoes. Its scale is grand, its subject matter is extensive and its art is exquisite. Japanese scholars call it a big gallery, while French scholars call it a library on the wall. As a scholar said with emotion after seeing the Mogao Grottoes, seeing the Li Huang Grottoes means seeing the ancient civilization of the world.

flying Apsaras

Flying is another essence of Mogao Grottoes. Many grottoes in Mogao Grottoes are painted with a large number of flying images. Tian Fei is the incarnation of Kanyu and Kinnara in Buddhism. Gandapo is the god of nature, sending out fragrance in the Buddha country and offering flowers to the Buddha. Kinnara is a musical god in heaven, playing music, singing and dancing in Buddhist countries. They used to be a couple in ancient Indian mythology, and later they were absorbed by Buddhism as one of the gods of Tianlong Babu, and their role became flying. The style of Dunhuang flying is characterized by no wings and no feathers. Then how to fly? With the help of clouds, fluttering dresses and flying ribbons soaring in the air, it can be described as ever-changing, ever-changing and graceful. No wonder some people say that China women's crazy pursuit of S-shaped perfect curve comes from this!

Summarize honesty and trustworthiness

The Mogao Grottoes is one of the largest art treasures in the world. It is a world-famous treasure house of Buddhist art, so I, a little tour guide, must have a lot to talk about. Please advise me if there are any shortcomings.

Guide words of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes 4

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a pearl in the northwest of China. It is surrounded by Sanwei Mountain and Mingsha Mountain in Gansu Province, surrounded by sand dunes, and 492 caves are arranged on the broken ridges and steep cliffs like honeycombs.

More than 2,000 colored sculptures have been preserved in the Mogao Grottoes. These colorful sculptures have distinct personalities and different expressions. A kind-hearted bodhisattva, a majestic king, and a strong and brave lux. There is a reclining Buddha, which is 16 meters long. He lay on his side, his eyes slightly closed and his expression serene. Seeing this vivid color sculpture, all the tourists were amazed.

The Mogao Grottoes not only have exquisite colored sculptures, but also have more than 45,000 square meters of magnificent murals. The content of murals is rich and colorful, including recording Buddhist stories, depicting images of gods and buddhas, reflecting folk life and depicting natural scenery. Among them, the most striking thing is the hundreds of flying. The murals are flying in the sky, and some are carrying flower baskets on their arms and picking flowers; Some embrace the pipa and gently pluck the silver strings; Some hang upside down and fall from the sky; Some ribbons are fluttering and roaming all over the sky; Some people stretch their arms and dance ... looking at these beautiful murals is like walking into a glorious art palace.

There is also a small cave in the Mogao Grottoes-the Tibetan Sutra Cave. There used to be more than 60,000 ancient China scriptures, documents, silk paintings, embroidery and bronze statues in the cave. Due to the corruption and incompetence of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of precious cultural relics were plundered by imperialists. The only remaining scrolls are now on display in the Forbidden City in Beijing.

The Mogao Grottoes are world-famous art treasures. Every painted mural here is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient working people in China!

Guide words of Dunhuang Mogao grottoes 5

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang with a long history. I am your tour guide. Please call me Pan Xiao! Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is one of the four largest grottoes in China! The four grottoes are Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Maijishan Grottoes. But none of these grottoes can compare with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, because Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are the largest grottoes in the world! It also has a long history. Founded in the pre-Qin period of sixteen countries, it was built in the Northern, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties. Having said that, let's go to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes with me!

Look, this is the West Thousand Buddha Cave, a cave in the southwest of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Can you guess how long it is? I don't know, in fact, this hole is 2.5 kilometers long! There are 34 clay sculptures and colored sculptures in this cave, but there are 24 15 colored sculptures in the whole Mogao grottoes!

All kinds of grottoes vary in size, the largest 16 grottoes is 268 square meters, and the smallest 37 grottoes are less than one foot high. The murals of the Mogao Grottoes are painted on the walls, roofs and niches of the grottoes. The content is very profound, mainly including seven themes, such as Buddha statues, Buddhist stories, Buddhist monuments, changes, monsters, offerings and decorative patterns, and there are also many paintings in life. Ok, that's it, let's visit the next landscape!

You see, this thing is a nine-story canopy, also called "North Elephant". It stands in the center of the cliff cave, as high as the cliff top, and it is magnificent. In the meantime, there is a sitting statue of Maitreya Buddha, 36 meters high, made of stone tires and clay sculptures. It is the third largest Buddha statue besides Leshan Giant Buddha and Rongxian Giant Buddha.

Well, the trip to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is over. Welcome to visit again.

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