How to promote the mental health of outstanding students and underachievers

Juvenile legal education is an important part of China's socialist legal system construction, an important part of legal education, and an important basis for implementing the general plan of governing the country by law and by virtue. Teenagers are the future of the motherland, the hope of the nation, the builders and successors of socialist modernization and shoulder the heavy responsibility of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The legal education of teenagers is directly related to the process of governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the legal education of teenagers.

At present, juvenile delinquency is a realistic problem that all countries in the world are unwilling to face and cannot avoid. In recent years, juvenile delinquency in China has gradually increased, with a large number, rapid spread and great harm. Judging from the crime situation in jianye district in recent years, the number of juvenile offenders in 20 15 years is 137, accounting for 20% of the total number of 693 people involved; 20 15 years 20 179 people, accounting for 39% of the total number of 463 people involved; 20151-September 137, accounting for 42% of the total number of 392 people involved. Juvenile delinquency has gradually become one of the more serious social problems. At present, juvenile delinquency presents some new characteristics in age, type, means, way and object. First, the age of crime is younger, and juvenile crimes between the ages of 14 and 18 account for a large proportion of juvenile crimes; Second, the types of crimes are diversified, mainly including theft, robbery, injury and extortion. In addition, vicious cases such as murder, rape and kidnapping also occur from time to time; Third, the criminal means are adult. Teenagers can carefully plan before committing a crime and forge the scene after committing a crime. Some anti-investigation methods learned from newspapers, movies and television are frequently used. Fourth, the way of crime is to form gangs, gangs commit crimes, gather many people and use each other; Fifth, in terms of criminal objects, students commit crimes, and special groups such as social idleness and deafness commit more crimes. The causes of juvenile delinquency are complex and multifaceted, including social, school, family and other objective reasons, as well as subjective factors of teenagers themselves. To sum up, there are four main aspects: First, the imbalance of family education. Family is the cell of society, parents are the first teachers of children, and family education is the first classroom of life. In recent years, the divorce rate has soared, the number of single-parent families has increased, and the family structure is incomplete, which makes the children's growing environment inherently unhealthy and lacks fatherly love and maternal love. A considerable number of them have lost discipline or relaxed discipline, which makes them wander around the society and seek warmth in the society. However, being used by criminals, some parents have poor quality, disorderly behavior, involvement in pornography, gambling, drugs and so on. It has a subtle influence on bad personality. The formation of antisocial personality and improper family education are the direct causes of juvenile delinquency. The second is the influence of social bad factors. Books and periodicals, audio-visual products full of pornography, murder and violence, social evils such as pornography, gambling and drugs, feudal superstitions, bad ideas such as individualism, money worship and hedonism, and corruption have directly infringed on the physical and mental health of teenagers. Cultural markets such as "three halls and one bar" (game halls, dance halls, video halls, Internet cafes) are not standardized in operation and management is not in place, which has become a hotbed of juvenile delinquency. Third, there are drawbacks in the current education system. At present, the educational system reform has not completely got rid of the exam-oriented education mode, and the phenomenon of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, emphasis on intellectual education and neglect of moral education still exists. Some schools lack patience, care and help for underachievers and students with learning difficulties, and criticize them more and encourage them less, which leads some students to abandon themselves, even to be tired of learning, play truant and drop out of school, and some even regard it as a burden, which leads them to drop out of school or be expelled, push them into society prematurely and lead them to crime. Fourth, teenagers have low self-discipline ability. With the change of material living conditions, teenagers' physical and psychological development is precocious, but their psychological maturity is lagging behind, lacking the ability of independent self-care, self-discipline and distinguishing right from wrong, and they are easily influenced by social unhealthy phenomena and go astray. Juvenile delinquency has sounded the alarm for families, schools and society, and has become a realistic social problem that affects social development and attracts the attention of the whole society. Effective prevention of juvenile delinquency involves all walks of life, and whether teenagers can grow up healthily is a major event related to the survival of the country and the rise and fall of the nation. It is urgent to strengthen the legal education of teenagers.

Second, the problems existing in the current legal education of teenagers can not be ignored. Although it has been mentioned for a long time, there are still many problems that cannot be ignored in juvenile legal education, mainly in the following four aspects:

(1) Lack of understanding of juvenile legal education. Over the years, under the examination-oriented education system, the guiding ideology of running a school has always been subject to the evaluation standards of society, parents and government functional departments, and the enrollment rate has gone up. However, schools are "advanced schools", and the "characteristic schools", "reform schools" and "prestigious schools" that have sprung up like mushrooms after rain all come from the enrollment rate. In this context, can schools really put moral education first? The importance of legal education is out of the question, and psychological education is lagging behind or even blank. Some schools think that our school has always been a key school, and there are only a few students who have problems, or things don't happen in our school, so we just need to talk about legal education. Some parents also have some incorrect views that children can't break the law and commit crimes, and some make a mountain out of a molehill about what they often say. Some parents think that everything will be fine as long as their children study hard, and some even think that illegal crimes have nothing to do with their children, and it is not too late to solve problems when their children grow up, and so on. These cognitive biases and misunderstandings cast a shadow over the legal education of teenagers.

(2) The effect of juvenile legal education is not obvious. At present, there are many phenomena in juvenile legal education, such as paying more attention to form than content, paying more attention to words than actions, paying more attention to indoctrination than practical results, and paying more attention to education than educating people. Some schools offer legal courses according to the requirements of their superiors, but the phenomenon of "diverting them for other purposes" often occurs. Some schools haven't offered law courses yet, and some schools have their own part-time teachers, but they are not invited to take part-time jobs, which is just a name. Some functional departments set up groups, organizations, plans and forms to meet the requirements of superiors, and the effect is not obvious.

(3) Teachers have not mastered enough methods. Promoting legal education is an important basis for implementing the general plan of governing the country according to law. After the first three five-year legal education, citizens' legal awareness has been significantly enhanced. However, due to the limitation of foundation and culture and the continuous promulgation of new laws, the task of legal education is still arduous, and the breadth and depth of legal education need to be further deepened. The Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency are two special laws closely related to the healthy growth of minors. They have been in effect for nearly 1 1 and 3 years respectively, but ask yourself, how much do teachers, including parents and teachers, know about these two laws? It can be said that most people know little. People need to know from a prophet, but they don't know how to teach people to know, let alone how to understand, obey and protect the law.

(4) The lack of funds for juvenile legal education has also greatly affected the development of juvenile legal education.

Third, carry out in-depth legal education for young people.

(1) Raise awareness and pay close attention to * * * Attach great importance to juvenile legal education. Juvenile delinquency is a complex of social contradictions. Strengthening juvenile legal education and preventing juvenile delinquency is a long-term and arduous systematic project. The whole society and party and government organizations at all levels must attach great importance to it, form a joint force, and make concerted efforts. Party and government organizations at all levels should formulate the overall planning and phased work plan of local juvenile legal education, set up a leading group for preventing juvenile delinquency, and instruct a special person to be responsible for the leadership of juvenile legal education. It is necessary to take the legal education of teenagers as an important task to promote the comprehensive management of social security and prevent juvenile delinquency, and put the strengthening of community education, family education, legal education and moral education into the important agenda of social spiritual civilization construction, study it regularly and pay close attention to implementation. Society, schools and families should strive to form a trinity education network. The society should publicize positive and healthy contents, strengthen the production of excellent spiritual products and the construction of cultural facilities in the base, carry forward law and discipline, advocate healthy fashion, and strive to instill various social norms and values into young people, so as to dilute the idea of money first and pleasure-seeking in their minds. Schools should change the phenomenon of attaching importance to exam-oriented education and ignoring quality education, and really care about the healthy growth of every student in the school. On the one hand, we should do a good job in guiding education, help students distinguish right from wrong and choose the right path of life; On the other hand, do a good job in the education of poor students, promote the transformation of poor students, guide the healthy growth of poor students, and truly teach and educate people. As parents, they should create a healthy living environment for their children, discipline their children in a scientific way, care about their moral performance, study status and making friends, be good at finding early signs of children's crimes, pay attention to cultivating their self-purification awareness and protection awareness, pay attention to their mental health and the cultivation of good daily behavior norms, strengthen their own legal study and moral cultivation, set an example, and enhance their legal awareness and social responsibility. All political and legal departments, workers, young women and other organizations should give full play to their own advantages and functions, and actively do a good job in juvenile legal education and prevention of illegal crimes.

(2) Extensive mobilization, active participation, and vigorously strengthening the team building and position building of juvenile legal education are the basic links to do a good job in juvenile legal education. In terms of team building, first, give full play to the role of public security, procuratorate, court, judiciary and other political and legal departments, and hire middle-level cadres and business backbones with certain legal education experience and excellent ideological and moral character as vice presidents and legal counselors of the school. The legal counselor of the principal of law study should clarify his responsibilities and formulate an assessment system, and must give students more than two legal courses (reports) each semester. Organize students to carry out legal knowledge contests and social practice activities related to law, pay attention to students' dynamics and social communication activities, and have the responsibility to cooperate with schools and families to find and help students with problems, manage the surrounding environment and safeguard students' legitimate rights and interests; The second is to organize retired cadres, educators and legal workers to carry out legal education for teenagers in the community and hire them as off-campus counselors; Third, the polar league organization should mobilize young volunteers to participate in the legal education of young people more widely, set up young volunteer legal interpreters and legal service stations, and regularly do legal publicity and legal consultation for young people; Fourth, we should pay attention to cultivating high-quality full-time and part-time legal education teachers among school teachers and opening legal classes well. In terms of position construction, it is necessary to establish juvenile legal education bases in large and medium-sized cities, especially to build a number of juvenile legal practice education positions in combination with juvenile courts, juvenile detention centers and drug rehabilitation centers; It is necessary to establish juvenile law schools and legal publicity columns in communities and schools; It is necessary to give full play to the functions of youth activities and learning places such as youth league schools, youth palaces, youth activity camps and community youth service centers, and rely on the media such as the Internet, newspapers, movies and television to extensively carry out legal practice activities that young people love and enjoy and are easy to participate in, so as to help young people master legal knowledge in practice and enhance their legal concept in experience.

(three) focus, strive for practical results, and actively carry out legal education activities for young people. Intensify publicity activities to improve the coverage and penetration of publicity and education. According to the physiological and psychological characteristics and cognitive ability of teenagers at different ages, we should publicize relevant laws through posters, wall newspapers, reports, lectures, symposiums, theme class meetings, law classes, knowledge contests, essay writing and other lively forms, guide teenagers to learn legal knowledge, improve their legal awareness, and educate teenagers to consciously learn, understand, abide by and protect laws. The second is personal experience. Carry out practical field education activities to improve the effectiveness of legal education. It is necessary to guide young people to carry out law-abiding practice on the basis of knowing the law, organize practical education activities such as "small tax propagandists", "small police officers on duty" and "small traffic police commanders", organize mock trials, legal summer camps, watch legal movies and other colorful educational activities, and organize visits to detention centers, discussions with detained minors, and publicly attend court trials. Through these activities, the masses can be warned on the spot. The third is strong pertinence. Carry out various legal system creation activities to improve the legal quality of young people. The cultivation of young people's legal concepts and the formation of their legal quality not only require the accumulation of legal knowledge for many years, but more importantly, they need to be exposed and edified in a social environment ruled by law. Enterprises and communities should strengthen legal education for young migrant workers, help them master legal weapons, safeguard their rights and interests according to law, and prevent young migrant workers from committing crimes. Schools should actively carry out the activities of creating "excellent youth rights protection posts", crack down on legal acts that infringe on the rights and interests of young people according to law, protect the healthy growth of young people, educate and guide young people to distinguish right from wrong, and protect their rights according to law. All functional departments and mass organizations should actively carry out activities to create a "civilized youth community", activate community culture, help young people enhance their legal concept, stay away from temptation and prevent crime.

(4) combining environment with punishment, and striving to promote the in-depth development of juvenile legal education; Social aspect is the main space for teenagers to engage in various activities, and juvenile delinquency mainly occurs in society. Therefore, it is particularly important to purify the social environment and reduce and eliminate the negative factors of juvenile delinquency. On the one hand, strengthen the management and supervision of cultural markets such as "three museums and one bar", ban obscene articles, remove spiritual garbage, and resolutely eradicate social evils that poison the physical and mental health of young people; On the other hand, it is necessary to reduce the loopholes in public security management, eliminate the dead corner of public security, form a strict management situation, effectively curb the criminal psychology of teenagers, and let them do nothing. At the same time, political and legal organs should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, crackdown first" to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency. First, to punish juvenile offenders, we must strictly grasp the boundaries between policies and laws, adhere to differential treatment, and handle them carefully. Those who commit serious crimes and have a strong social response should be resolutely punished according to law to set an example for others. Second, we should strengthen prevention, improve the post-crime assistance and education mechanism, and strive to reduce recidivism. To investigate the criminal responsibility of minors, we should adhere to the principles and policies of "education, probation and rescue" and carry out patient and meticulous education, probation and rescue work according to their psychological and physiological characteristics and criminal circumstances. Third, do a good job in the resettlement and education of released prisoners and reeducation-through-labor personnel, adhere to the principles of teaching and educating people, seeking truth from facts, and educating them below, so that they can be sensible, move with emotion, guide them by rules, and learn from the law, so that they can go astray and embark on the road of rehabilitation. It is the common responsibility of families, schools and society to strengthen the legal education of teenagers and create a good environment for their healthy growth. Safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of teenagers and preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency is a far-reaching social system project, which needs the attention and joint efforts of the whole society. Under the new situation of diversification of social and economic components and interests, social life style, jobs and employment methods, it is a long way to go to strengthen legal education for teenagers. It is necessary to go deep into the grassroots and teenagers, study the characteristics of contemporary teenagers and the laws of legal education, actively explore effective ways of legal education for teenagers, and constantly improve the effectiveness of legal education for teenagers.