Please provide me with famous Taoist priests, monks, scholars, swordsmen and sects before the Tang Dynasty.

Taoist Laozi (600 years before-470 years before) (born in Shimao on February 15th of Wuding year in Western Weekend), surnamed Li Minger, also known as Chu (now) Guxian. Han nationality. He was a great philosopher and thinker in ancient China, the founder of Taoist school and a world cultural celebrity. Laozi, also known as Lao Dan, is said that his mother was 72 years pregnant and gave birth to him from the armpit. Laozi was born with white eyebrows and white beard, so he was called Laozi. Laozi lived in the Spring and Autumn Period and worked as a librarian (equivalent to the director of the National Library) in Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan). He is knowledgeable and versatile. When Confucius traveled around the world, he went to Luoyi to ask Laozi. In his later years, Lao Zi traveled west by Qingniu, wrote a 5,000-word Tao Te Ching (also known as Lao Zi) in Hanguguan (located in Lingbao, Henan), and finally disappeared here. Tao Te Ching contains rich dialectical thoughts. Laozi's philosophy and ancient Greek philosophy constitute two sources of human philosophy, and Laozi is honored as "the father of China's philosophy" because of his profound philosophical thoughts. Laozi's thought was passed down by Zhuangzi, and together with Confucianism and later Buddhism, it formed the core of China's traditional thought and culture. After the appearance of Taoism, Laozi was honored as "the old gentleman on the throne"; From the biography of the immortal, Lao Tzu has been honored as a fairy. Since the Han Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties have worshipped Laozi in Lu Yi, Henan. Tao Te Ching has more than 1000 foreign language versions, which is the most translated book in China.

Laozi's ideological proposition is "inaction", and Laozi's ideal political realm is "neighboring countries look at each other, chickens and dogs hear each other, and people don't talk to each other until they die." Laozi used Tao to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, thinking that "Tao gives birth to one, two, two, three and three things" and "Tao" is "the fate of a husband is natural", so "man should be in the earth, the earth should be in the sky, the sky should be in the Tao, and the Tao should be natural". "Tao" is an objective natural law, and at the same time it has the eternal significance of "being independent and unchanging, but not dangerous". The book Laozi contains many simple dialectical views, such as that everything has two sides, and "the movement of Tao" can be transformed from opposition, "the right is strange, but the evil is repeated", and "misfortune is a blessing, and happiness is hidden". He also believes that everything in the world is the unity of "being" and "nothing", and "being and nothing" are the foundation, and "everything in the world is born of something and born of nothing". "The way of heaven, the loss is more than enough, but the way of man is not, and the loss is not enough"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" . His theory has a far-reaching influence on the development of China's philosophy, and its contents are mainly found in the book Laozi. His philosophical thoughts and the Taoist school he founded not only made important contributions to the development of China's ancient ideology and culture, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ideology and culture for more than two thousand years. (55 1 year, September 28th (August 27th, lunar calendar) ~ April 1 1 year (February 11th, lunar calendar), a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, Han nationality. Confucius was a great educator and thinker in ancient China, the founder of Confucianism and a world cultural celebrity. According to Historical Records-Confucius Family, Confucius' ancestor was an aristocrat in the Song Dynasty (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), and his sixth ancestor Jia was killed in the civil strife in the Song Dynasty. His great-grandfather Shu fled to Lu from the Song Dynasty (now Xiayi County, Shangqiu, Henan Province). Confucius was born in Changping Township (now Luyuan Village, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) on September 28th, 55/Kloc-0 BC (August 27th in the summer calendar). On April 1 1 day in 479 BC (February 11th of the lunar calendar), Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried in Surabaya in the north of Qufu where Kong Lin is now located. Confucius' thoughts on words and deeds are mainly contained in Prose Collection, Analects of Confucius and Four Books.

According to historical records, Confucius' family, Confucius' ancestors were descendants of Shang Dynasty. After the destruction of Shang Dynasty in Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang was made an ordinary brother, and Wei Zi was made a loyal minister in Song Dynasty. Its capital is Shangqiu (now Shangqiu, Henan). After Wei died, his younger brother Wei Zhong succeeded to the throne. Wei Zhong was the ancestor of Confucius. After Jia, the sixth ancestor of Confucius, his father, descendants began to take Kong as their surname. His great-grandfather Kong fled from the Song Dynasty to Shandong to escape the civil strife in the Song Dynasty. Confucius' father was a famous warrior in Lu. Shu married Shi first and gave birth to nine daughters without sons. My concubine gave birth to a son named Meng Pi, but he had foot disease. Under the circumstances at that time, neither a woman nor a disabled son should inherit. In his later years, Shu Liangyou and the young woman Yan Zhizai gave birth to Confucius. Because Confucius' mother went to Niqiu Mountain to pray, and then she became pregnant with Confucius, and because Confucius was born with a depression in the middle of his head, like Niqiu Mountain; Therefore, it was named Qiu (Zhong is the second son, Shu's eldest son is Meng Pi, and Meng is the eldest son). When Confucius was three, Shu died of illness. After that, Confucius' family was quite poor. For various reasons, Confucius didn't make much achievements in politics, but in the three months of governing Lu, it shows that Confucius is worthy of the title of outstanding politician. Political dissatisfaction enabled Confucius to devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius once worked as a scout in Lu, then traveled around the world with his disciples and finally returned to Lu to concentrate on teaching. Confucius broke the monopoly of education and created a precedent for private schools. There are as many as 3,000 disciples of Confucius, including 72 sages, many of whom are the pillars of senior officials in various countries.

Confucius had a far-reaching influence on later generations. When he was alive, he was known as a "heavenly saint", "many heavenly eyes" and "immortal sage". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was called the most holy (saint among saints) by later generations, the teacher of all ages. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, prefaced Zhouyi and wrote Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations. The Analects of Confucius is a classic work of Confucianism, compiled by Confucius' disciples and disciples. It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.

1988, 75 nobel prize winners issued a joint declaration in Paris, calling on the world that "if human beings want to survive in the 2 1 century, they must learn the wisdom of Confucius two thousand years ago." This shows the great thoughts of Confucius. The sect has an opening (? -184), a native of Julu (now Ningjin County, Hebei Province), the leader of the Yellow turban insurrectionary army and the founder of Taiping Road. Zhang Jiao believed in Huang Lao's theory in his early years, and he also had a deep study of divination, which was very popular in Han Dynasty. He is also familiar with folk medicine and witchcraft.

During the Jianning period (168- 172), he took his two younger brothers and first started missionary activities in Jizhou, where the disaster was particularly serious. During Xi Pingnian (172- 178), Taiping Road was founded on the basis of recruiting a large number of students, cultivating disciples and absorbing them.

Taiping Taoism is one of the early schools of Taoism in China, with the mission of overthrowing the decadent Eastern Han Dynasty and establishing a peaceful society. Its main feature is that Taiping Jing is the main classic and Huang Zhong Taiyi is the highest god to worship. The program, purpose, doctrine, title, parish organization, slogan, religious ceremony, activities and missionary methods of Taiping Dao are all based on Taiping Jing.

He spread everywhere that "heaven dies, Huang Tianli, aged in Jiazi, the world will do anything."

The opening angle is based on the Taiping Jing. "There are billions of stars, if one day is unclear; Zhu Tianqun's words are not as virtuous as those of the country. He calls himself Teacher Dade and is the chief leader of Taiping Road. His two younger brothers, Sean and Zhang Bao, call themselves big doctor and are also one of the leaders of Taiping Road. All Taiping Dao members and their followers who make mistakes can be forgiven as long as they bow down before the leader, admit their mistakes and promise not to repeat them.

Zhang Jiao often holds nine sticks and treats people with water and spells on the basis of traditional folk medicine. Using this as a cover, he widely publicized the theories and viewpoints in Taiping Jing about opposing exploitation and wealth accumulation and advocating equality and mutual love, and won the support of the poor people. Zhang Jiao also sent eight disciples to spread teachings in all directions. Develop disciples, "transform the world with good deeds." For more than a decade, Taiping Road has spread all over Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu, with hundreds of thousands of followers. Mainly poor farmers, but also urban craftsmen, individual officials and even eunuchs. Zhang Jiao divided the believers into 36 parties (parish organizations), with more than 10,000 senior officials and 67,000 small parties, each under the charge of Qu Shuai.

On this basis, according to the thinking method of "following the five elements" in Taiping Jing and the theory that the five elements coexist and resist each other, Zhang Jiao chose Jiazi Day in Jiazi year, that is, March 5th, the first year of Emperor Zhong Ping (184), to hold a great uprising. Zhang Jiao also put forward a resounding slogan of "Heaven dies, Huang Tianli stands, the age is in Jiazi, and the world is prosperous" to show that according to the law of the rise and fall of all things and the evolution of dynasties, the number of Han (Heaven) has been exhausted. As the representative of Tude (earthy yellow) and Huangtian, Taiping Road should replace the Han Dynasty. At the beginning of February, leaders and believers from all sides began to make preparations. They used lime to write slogans such as "Jiazi" on the gates of Luoyang and the walls of state and county governments.

Generous Qu Shuai first informed tens of thousands of believers in Jingzhou and Yangzhou to gather in Ye (Linzhang, Hebei) to prepare for the uprising. Therefore, the believers in charge of it began to concentrate on Yucheng. He also went to Luoyang many times to appoint Xu as an in-house waiter. On March 5, an uprising was held.

About ten days before the scheduled date of the uprising, that is, about February 15th, Tang Zhou, a native of Jinan and a believer in Taiping Road, wrote to the government to report on the uprising. Therefore, the court urgently captured Ma Yuanyi and divided the car into Luoyang; And urgently mobilized various forces to capture more than 1,000 followers of Zhang Jiao/KLOC-0. He also informed Jizhou to seize Zhang Jiao and his family.

Zhang Jiao and others discovered that things were exposed, that is, they informed all parties in various ways in the starry night and immediately rebelled. During the uprising, the insurgents first killed the captured corrupt officials and sacrificed them to heaven. During the uprising, Zhang Jiao's troops were all wrapped in the yellow turban insurrectionary (a symbol of the yellow sky), which was then called the "yellow turban insurrectionary army". After the uprising, Zhang Jiao claimed to be "the general of heaven", his younger brother Zhang Bao claimed to be "the general of earth" and his younger brother Sean claimed to be "the general of man". According to the theory in Taiping Jing that "if heaven governs, earth governs, man governs, and qi governs with three poles, everything will be treated differently".

After the uprising began, the masses responded one after another, either joining the army as believers or sending food and clothes, and the uprising army developed rapidly. After the rebels captured the towns, they often burned the government, killed corrupt officials and distributed their property to the people. Corrupt officials usually use their power as a gift. They were frightened when they heard the arrival of the rebels. Like a lost dog, many of them have escaped. In ten days, the world shook and the capital shook.

However, because the main body of the Yellow Scarf Army is farmers, the organization is not strict enough, and the policies and strategies are generally not well mastered. In addition to attacking the government, they also generally attacked strongmen, gentry and all kinds of rich children. As a result, the mighty scholars quickly stood up and cooperated with the government rebels. About ten months after the uprising, the main force of the Yellow Scarf Army was defeated by the government and powerful people. Soon, Zhang Jiao also died during this period.

The Yellow Scarf Uprising led by Zhang Jiao impacted the foundation of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which directly led to the warlord's separatist regime and melee in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and then evolved into a three-legged situation. At the same time, it is also the first peasant uprising led by religion in the history of our country, which has far-reaching historical significance; It also laid a historical pattern for Taoism to spread and develop mainly in the lower classes of society in the future.