See classical Chinese

1. About the meaning of "Jian" in classical Chinese: In ancient Chinese, it is often used as an auxiliary word, which means passive and is equivalent to "Bei". Used at the end of a verb to indicate completion and realization.

First, the basic meaning of words

see

1, view ~ solutions

2. look: look ~. Rare. ~ I know. ~ Be brave. ~ Different ideas move.

3, contact, encounter: afraid of the wind. ~ study.

4, it can be seen that it seems to be: ~ effect. Compared with ~, it is dwarfed.

5. (text, etc. ) appears somewhere and can be called ~. ~ down.

6. Meeting: Yes. Connect ~.

7. Observe, recognize and understand things: ~ Solutions. ~ ground (opinion). ~ benevolence ~ wisdom (meaning that everyone holds different views on the same issue from different angles).

8, auxiliary words, indicating passive or how to me: ~ outside. ~ teaching. ~ forgive me. ~ laugh (be laughed at).

Extended data

First, the evolution of glyphs.

Second, etymological explanation.

Classical Chinese version of "Explaining Chinese Characters: Seeing and Disappearing". From the child, from the eyes. Everything you see belongs to you.

Vernacular version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Look, look, look. The glyph uses the meaning of "Er, Mu". All words related to sword are bordered by sword.

Third, word formation

1, jianbei Hebei

Death of the elder

2. Be good at singing and dancing

Have the ability to surpass others or the average in some respect.

3. See the name jiànchēng.

Be praised by people.

Step 4 meet giando

Let's meet

2. What "Jian" read and did in ancient Chinese (classical Chinese) cannot be generalized.

I read jiàn more often. Take a Chinese textbook in a middle school as an example. The usage of "Jian" mainly includes: 1. The situation of reading the verb jin an.1.

1, see. What's the matter? Didn't you see or hear it? Have you seen the master? 2. Goodbye.

Meet Sean in private and tell him something. Step 3 visit.

The king asked to see Lord Zhuang. You Ran and Lutz are found in Confucius' famous saying 4. Call and receive.

The king of Qin sat on the platform and saw each other. Look at the king violently.

Second, nouns. 1, what you see.

The deeper you go, the harder it is to walk, and the stranger you see. 2, insights, insights.

You are a real woman. Third, prepositions.

1, passive, equivalent to "Bei". Qin Cheng was afraid of not getting it, but he saw bullying.

2. Put it in front of the verb to show how you treat yourself. If you look at the records,

I hope you will come soon. Let's talk about reading Ann, 1, introduction and production.

see you again

Didn't you see me and the king? Kill the chicken for Xiaomi. Look at his second son. 2. Co-occurrence.

When did you suddenly see this house? See cattle and sheep when the wind blows.

It can be seen from the above that Jian's pronunciation cannot be stereotyped, but should be analyzed in detail.

3. What does "Jian" mean in classical Chinese?

Oracle Bone Inscriptions-shaped, with "eyes" on the top and "people" on the bottom. Adding an eye to a person's head is to highlight the role of the eye.

The original meaning: see, see) is the same as the original meaning [see; See, see. -"Shuo Wen" did not see a gentleman.

-"Poem Nan Zhou Show" Li Jian's adult. -"Ganyi" saw a dragon in the field.

-"Dry One" turns a blind eye, listens but does not hear. -"Book of Rites University" sees but does not see, smells but does not smell.

-"Everything goes wrong, the main road" saw the military post last night, and Khan sent more soldiers. -"Yuefu Poetry Collection Mulan Poetry" saw two children arguing.

-Liezi Tang Wen The children don't know each other. -"Homecoming Book" by Tang He Zhang Zhi.

-Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Three Commandments" are very common in Wang Zhai. -Tang Du Fu's "Meeting Li Guinian Down the River" is another example: seeing men and women (see results); See people (witnesses); See happiness (taboo for acne rash); See but (don't like; Mao); Know the end of the story (the metaphor is extremely clever); Meet [meet; To see the king of Chu.

-Jin Gan Bao "Seeking God" See Cai Huangong. -"Everything is done by Yu Lao" revisited Bian Que.

See the Qinghe River. -"Shi Shuo Xin Yu Xin" is another example: see the coachman (see the emperor); Hanging one's feet when meeting (in ancient times, when the bride met her in-laws and sisters, it was customary to give embroidered shoes as a meeting gift); Welcome ceremony (the ceremony of welcoming the DPRK); Meet [] Einstein's father saw Confucius' wife on the road.

-"The First Year of Zuo Zhuan Huan Gong" is another example: this medicine is afraid of seeing the light; See the teeth (grin); Visit (patronize); Seeing difficulties (encountering danger); Greeting (receiving courtesy) means death-mainly used in spoken English ["kicking"]. For example, when the Prince of Yan heard "Listen", but you didn't see that Levin drinker was drafting, he bowed to Shandong Dragon Zhun Gong in the east.

-Li Bai's Fu Liangyin is another example: watching and speaking (listening); Look at words (listening and speaking) and observe; Know; Understand [[observe; Knowing the Tao is intangible. -"Everything goes wrong, the road" doesn't make any sense, so I don't regard it as an empty official.

-Li He's "Feeling Irony" is another example: See a few (see the subtle tendency of things); Know (know); See it (where are you; Knowledge) competition; Match [match] such as: see the high and low; See the array (engagement, confrontation); Look at the battle (engagement), look at the opinions of Yan and Chen Yu.

-"The Soul of Wang Jinshu" is another example: in my opinion; Political views; I see; Express your opinion; Stick to your point of view; Stubbornness Independent knowledge ["viewpoint"]. Such as: my humble opinion; Prejudice; See interest (see interest); Short- sightedness (short-sightedness) See jiàn help for passivity, which is equivalent to unprotected "be".

-"Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shangshang" thinks that crime is death. -"Li Hanguang Su Jian Biography" I am afraid of being deceived.

-"Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" is sad and lonely. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Liu Hedong Ji" is another example: laughing at people; Laugh at people; More than I saw at the time; See hold (arrested); I didn't see anything (being framed and wronged); Seeing injury (being killed); Seeing money (courtesy) is used before verbs to show how to insult me and ask my elders.

-Don Lee Wei Chao's Biography of Liu Yi is another example: see the report; See the sign; Teaching is used after verbs to indicate results. Such as: meeting; Smell; Hear and encounter the existing Ji 'an shape.

Such as: seeing power (existing strength); Simple son (existing son); See soldiers (existing soldiers); Clearly see soldiers (existing soldiers) ["visible"]. Such as: witness; Meet people (witness) [dialect]: If all good brothers are like this, it also shows that you often see your benefits.

-"Water Margin" is another example: common (ordinary); Look at the year (every year); See the world (every day); See day and night (day and night). See also xià n.

4. Look at the meaning of ancient Chinese. Many words and sentences in today's article also use ancient meanings, and some words and characters in ancient articles have the same meanings as today.

In order to give you the definition of "seeing", you need to sit in the right position by yourself. [Cape] See "move" (knowing.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions-shaped, with "eyes" on the top and "people" on the bottom. Adding an eye to a person's head is to highlight the role of the eye.

Original meaning: see, see) has the same original meaning [see; See] see, see. -"Shuo Wen" did not see a gentleman.

-"Poem Nan Zhou Show" Li Jian's adult. -"Ganyi" saw a dragon in the field.

-"Dry One" turns a blind eye, listens but does not hear. -"Book of Rites University" sees but does not see, smells but does not smell.

-"Everything goes wrong, the main road" saw the military post last night, and Khan sent more soldiers. -"Yuefu Poetry Collection Mulan Poetry" saw two children arguing.

-Liezi Tang Wen The children don't know each other. -"Homecoming Book" by Tang He Zhang Zhi.

-Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Three Commandments" are very common in Wang Zhai. -Tang Du Fu's "Meeting Li Guinian Down the River" is another example: seeing men and women (see results); See people (witnesses); See happiness (taboo for acne rash); See but (don't like; Mao); Know the end of the story (the metaphor is extremely clever); Meet [meet; To see the king of Chu.

-Jin Gan Bao "Seeking God" See Cai Huangong. -"Everything is done by Yu Lao" revisited Bian Que.

See the Qinghe River. -"Shi Shuo Xin Yu Xin" is another example: see the coachman (see the emperor); Hanging one's feet when meeting (in ancient times, when the bride met her in-laws and sisters, it was customary to give embroidered shoes as a meeting gift); Welcome ceremony (the ceremony of welcoming the DPRK); Come into contact with; Huasong's father saw Confucius' wife on the road.

-"The First Year of Zuo Zhuan Huan Gong" is another example: this medicine is afraid of seeing the light; See the teeth (grin); Visit (patronize); Seeing difficulties (encountering danger); Greeting (receiving courtesy) means death-mainly used in oral [kicking]. For example, I saw the prince of Yan hear [listen] that you didn't see Levin drinkers drafting, and they bowed to Shandong Longzhong Gong in the East.

-Li Bai's Fu Liangyin is another example: watching and speaking (listening); Look at words (listening and speaking) and observe; Know; Understand [observe; Tao is invisible. -"Everything goes wrong, the road" doesn't make any sense, so I don't regard it as an empty official.

-Li He's "Feeling Irony" is another example: See a few (see the subtle tendency of things); Know (know); See it (where are you; Knowledge) competition; Match [match] such as: see the high and low; See the array (engagement, confrontation); See the concept of "battle" and "name", see [see] dare to be ignorant.

-"The Soul of Wang Jinshu" is another example: in my opinion; Political views; I see; Express your opinion; Stick to your point of view; Stubbornness Independent knowledge [opinions]. Such as: my humble opinion; Prejudice; See interest (see interest); Short-smooth "Help" means passive, which is equivalent to unprotected "Be".

-"Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shangshang" thinks that crime is death. -"Li Hanguang Su Jian Biography" I am afraid of being deceived.

-"Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" is sad and lonely. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Liu Hedong Ji" is another example: laughing at people; Laugh at people; More than I saw at the time; See hold (arrested); I didn't see anything (being framed and wronged); Seeing injury (being killed); Seeing money (courtesy) is used before verbs to show how to insult me and ask my elders.

-Don Lee Wei Chao's Biography of Liu Yi is another example: see the report; See the sign; Teaching is used after verbs to indicate results. Such as: meeting; Smell; Hear the existing [Available] of [Shape].

Such as: seeing power (existing strength); Simple son (existing son); See soldiers (existing soldiers); It is obvious to see soldiers (existing soldiers). Such as: witness; Fang: If every good brother does this, it will also show your benefits.

-"Water Margin" is another example: common (ordinary); Look at the year (every year); See the world (every day); See day and night (day and night). Look at Xi 'an's ancient word "now". Appear; Appear; See and show the implementation of the obvious.

-"Guangya" sees the dragon in the field. -"doing one".

Note: "See you when you leave the hiding place." I am very excited.

-"The Biography of Han Xin in the Later Han Dynasty" shows that the dagger is in sight. -"The Warring States Policy Yance" is found in Wang.

-"Mencius Huiliang Wang Shang Shang" is found in Confucius' The Analects of Confucius and his final opinion. -"Historical Records Biography of Ping Yuanjun Jade Qing" Jade Hall has a rainbow.

-"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" sometimes sees the sun. -When did Wu Jun and Zhu's book suddenly see this house?

-Tang Du Fu's "Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind" is another example: immediately (in the sky; Found); See (seems to be) the introduction, recommend [remend] to meet his two sons (let his two sons meet). See now, make ... now.

How, among them, to children). -The Analects regards me as king.

-"Mozi Gong Bo" (ancient word "today") is available; Ready-made [available; The army has no food. -"Historical Records" is another example: seeing a mine (a bet that can be taken out immediately); Now (now) seeing money (cash) and gambling on profits, how can he give up? -Liu's "Instant Surprise" donor is only 35 years old.

-Yuan Meng Han Qing's "Magic Heluo" is another example: see the front (front); View year (current year); See the world (if you live, you will get what you deserve) See Ji An again.

5. Check the meaning of this word in ancient Chinese Li Baoguo.

The usages of "Zhi", "Hu", "Zhe" and "Ye" are familiar to everyone. The word "Jian" as a function word is rare in middle school Chinese textbooks and is easily ignored by teachers and students. Now its usage is classified.

First of all, the transitive verb has the function of being the patient of the action (called the object before the action) before it is used, and the agent (initiative) of the action should appear in the sentence. For example, "When Lan Zhi first came back, officials saw Ding Ning." (Peacock flies southeast)-When I first got home, the official told me. "Look at Ding Ning" means "Ding Ning me". Another example is: "When a child is born in June, a loving father will see his back." (Chen Qingbiao) I was only six months old when my father left me to die. "Seeing behind" here means "carrying me behind my back".

Second, the agent who is used before the transitive verb in the sentence to express passivity and no action is equivalent to "Bei". Bei is a preposition. For example, "if you want to give it to Qin, Qin Cheng may not get it, but he will be bullied." (Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)-If you want to give (He's Baoyu) to the State of Qin, I'm afraid you won't get the fifteen cities of Qin, and you will suffer in vain. Seeing bullying means being bullied. Another example is: "Believe and see doubt, be loyal and be slandered." (Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records)-Honesty is doubted and loyalty is slandered. "Seeing doubt" means "suspected".

Third, in some sentences, "see" and "and" are used together, which also means passive. However, the passive role is mainly "Yu", and "sword" and "Yu" take care of each other. For example, "I am afraid of being bullied by the king and losing Zhao." (Biography of Historical Records, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)-I'm afraid I was cheated by the king. I'm sorry about the prince of Zhao. Another example is: "My parents laugh at generous families." Zhuangzi Autumn Waters-I was laughed at by a well-informed person.

Fourthly, the usage of "Jian" is passive on the one hand and refers to oneself on the other, which is rare. For example, "it's like this, but it's actually a lie." ("The Book of Jin, the Testament of the King of Wu")-The facts and the truth are like this. Actually, I was framed. Here, "seeing false accusation" means "I was framed".

Fifth, "seeing" also means "being considered". This usage is also rare. For example, "if you speak for fame, but you speak for profit, then when you meet meanness in the next section, you will abandon it." (Doing everything wrong)-(Lobbyist) wants to be famous, but if you convince him with rich money, you will be regarded as a low-headed person, and you will be abandoned forever. "Seeing" means "being considered".

Sixth, the combination of "seeing" and "calling" and "strange" forms a fixed structure. At this time, "Jian" is an auxiliary word, but this usage is even less common. For example, "What my father-in-law learned." My father-in-law taught me correctly. "Seeing teaching" means "teaching".

Source: "Pinming"

6. Enter, count and see the meaning of classical Chinese. Enter r( 1) (image.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions shape, like a sharp tool, is easy to enter. Original meaning: come in, go in) (2) The original meaning is the same [enter; E into] into, also.

-"Shuo Wen" Others entered the house. -"Poem Tang Feng Shan Sui Shu" is not desirable.

-"Zhuangzi Human World" There is a snake coming out of the erotic palace and entering the country. -"Zuo Zhuan Wen Zhuan Sixteen Years" You asked me to come, and my brother asked me to come.

-"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" Lu has a long-term leader who entered the city gate. -Another example of "The History of the Three Kingdoms Wei Han Danchun" is: Ask questions when you enter the door (when you go to other people's homes, you need to know the names of their ancestors in order to talk); Enter the palace to answer the emperor's questions; Browse (see); Move in (move from other places to Beijing to be an official); Admission (young students get a scholar); Into the mountains; Entrance; Enter the curtain (during the imperial examination, the examiner enters the venue to read the examination paper) (3) participate, join [join; Be admitted; The room was crowded with people.

-"Poem Xiaoya Bin Chu" entered the military plane from the four clean-ups, and there was less communication between the emperor and Mr. Kang. -Liang Qing Qichao's Biography of Tan Sitong is another example: entering the bag (door-to-door son-in-law); The son-in-law who entered the house (entered the house); Buddha (Buddha; Buddhism); Enter the house (be a son-in-law); Into the foot (into the body; Refers to the relationship); Join the team; Occupation; Enter the Golden Horse Jade Hall.

Golden Horse Jade Hall refers to the Golden Horse Gate and Jade Hall in Han Dynasty); Enter the game (join the gambling game); Join the league (4) pay [pay] to the minister of Qin. -"The Warring States Policy, Qin Ce" At the age of twenty, please sell the viscount.

-Han Jiayi's "On Gathering and Sparing" is another example: entering the millet (paying a certain amount of money to donate fame) (5) accepting; Whoever marries his son and wife, the money is pure silk, and there is no difference. -"Zhou Li, local officials and the media" are not allowed to enter.

-"Mandarin Wu Yu" Man Zi dare not enter the king. -"Historical Records Chu Family" Shang Jun died in Qin State and returned to Wei State, which was very angry.

-"Historical Records Wei Shijia" was quite tired of soldiers at that time and entered his words. -Luo Dajing's "He Lu" (6) Adapting to "conformity" Straight and non-straight are incompatible.

-"Notes on Huainanzi". Note: "Nakano."

Another example is: enter a formula (in line with the program); Entering the Tao; Entering Korea (7) refers to a vassal country, a foreign envoy or a local official's audience with the son of heaven [the court], where a strong country is invited to serve and a weak country enters Korea. -Han Jia Yi "On Qin" Xiang Bo entered Pei Gong immediately.

-"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" is another example: entering the cabinet to worship the prime minister (entering the cabinet as the prime minister); Become a king (enter the DPRK to welcome the son of heaven); Attendance (serving in North Korea); See (see you in the palace); Enter the official position (enter the official position as a servant); Entering the DPRK as prime minister; Accommodation (staying in the palace); Congratulate (celebrate in the DPRK) (8) Arrive in Wu on a cold rainy night. -Don Wang Changling's "Parting with Xin Jian at Furong Inn" is another example: entering the month (women are full-term during pregnancy); Enter the mystery (reach the mysterious realm); Incoming (coming soon; Come in); Enter the foot (arrive, start); Enter the saint (reach the realm of the saint) (9) invade [invade] into the big city.

-"Zuo Zhuan Wen Zhuan fifteen years" British and French troops invaded from the sea. -Qing Xu Ke's "Clearing Money and War" is another example: crime; To occupy [a place or position] [to accept] is to occupy [a place name].

-Another example of "Historical Records Chen She Family" is: sitting; Input column; Enter the Lord (foreigners enter the former ruler of China); Ji (1) (Zhihu. From words, from ten.

"Word" has a number of meanings (shǔ)； incarnation); "Ten" is an integer, which means that things become a number. Counting means calculating.

Original meaning: accounting; Total; Calculation) (2) Same as the original meaning [Count; Pute; Calculate] meter, can calculate also. -Shuowen counts hard and soft, light and heavy, small and imaginary, far and near, and how much is counted. This is counting.

-"Guanzi Qifa" learning plan. -"The Book of Rites" tells farmers to plan and plow.

-"The Book of Rites and the Moon Order" has hundreds of millions of things. -"Mandarin Zheng Yu".

Remarks: "Yes." Waiting for that day.

-Zhuge Liang's "Model" counts the days to pay back the money. -even "Preface to Dongyang".

-Wei Ming Yi Xue's "The Story of a Nuclear Ship" has thousands of hooves. -"Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Promoting Weaving" is another example: calculating (accounting; Settle accounts after autumn; Planning, deployment); Counting port (calculated by population); Counting (arranging living expenses); Calculate (estimate) (3) care; Concerned about the governance of officials' groups by six measures.

-"Li Zhou Tai Zi" was forced to be afraid to plan. -"Learning from each other" is another example: calculating and cherishing (caring and cherishing); Counting disputes (disputes); Profit by calculating merits and demerits (caring about fame and seeking personal gain); (4) free consultation; Plan [discuss; Meter] meter, meter also.

-"Guangya" is suspicious. -"Mandarin Wu Yu".

Remarks: "I'm worried." Parents' beloved son has a far-reaching influence.

-"The Warring States Policy Zhao Ce" is not long. Chang 'an Ji Jun is short.

The plan is to say. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Three Commandments" is another example: the plan cannot be sold; Plan (consider; Planning); Plan (consider; Planning); Plan (write it out); Plan things (discuss major issues); Play (please consult and play); Planning (negotiation); Business plan (5) investigation; Audit [inspection; Check; Review and verification] It is expected that the enemy will plan risks.

-"The Art of War Wei Wang Wen" is another example: planned investigation (audit inspection); Design (audit specification) design J 1 algorithm; Arithmetic [algorithm; Arithmetic] Such as: calendar (calendar) [household registration book].

Such as a plan (book). The account book that records the number of households, land reclamation, money and grain in and out is the official who escorts the account book.

Such as: Ji Jie (Jeff is held by the government); Counting cars (counting cars taken by officials) (2) planning; Scheme [plan; Planning is the foundation of things. -"The Warring States Policy and Qin Ce" has been calculated, so it has been decided.

-"Everything is done, save Korea" My plan has been decided. -Liu Han's Biography of Women.

-Jin Gan Bao's Search for God. -Another example of Qing Xu Ke's "Clearing Money and War": planning and negligence; Intelligence (ingenuity); A plan to slow down the troops; Misjudgment; A clever plan; Empty city plan; An instrument for measuring or calculating degrees and time; M].

Such as: electrometer; Thermometer; Thermometer; An ammeter (3) makes a living.

7. "Jian" is translated into the passive example "Jian" in classical Chinese, which is one of the most common usages in classical Chinese.

The passive expression of "Jian" has two common forms: one is to directly connect with the action verb and bear its action. For example, "laughing" is laughed at; "Seeing bullying" and being bullied; "Seeing doubt" is doubt; "Strangers" are regarded as outsiders.

In another case, the subject-object structure "Yu ……" is added after the action verb to introduce the initiative. For example, Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: "I am afraid of being bullied by the King and losing Zhao." .

"Yu Wang" is a subject-object structure and the active word of "bullying". "Seeing a bully" means being bullied by a monarch. Classical Chinese has formed a fixed format: see+action verb+preposition Yu+actor, which can be summarized as "see ……………………………………".

Another example is: "Seeing is more important than then"; Laugh at generous families. ? .