What exactly is energy saving?

Energy-saving lamps are defined by the World Energy Committee in 1979: all measures that are technically feasible, economically reasonable and environmentally and socially acceptable are taken to improve the utilization efficiency of energy resources.

energy saving means reducing energy consumption as much as possible and producing products with the same quantity and quality as before; Or use the same amount of energy consumption to produce products with more or equal quantity and better quality than the original.

In other words, energy conservation is to use

methods that are technically reliable, economically feasible and reasonable, and acceptable to the environment and society, to effectively use energy and improve the energy utilization efficiency of energy-using equipment or processes.

With the continuous progress of society and the continuous development of science and technology, people are paying more and more attention to the earth on which we live, and most countries in the world have fully realized the importance of the environment to our human development.

all countries are taking active and effective measures to improve the environment and reduce pollution.

The most important and urgent problem is energy. In order to fundamentally solve the energy problem, besides finding new energy sources, energy conservation is the key and the most direct and effective measure at present.

In recent years, through efforts, people have made great achievements in the research of energy-saving technologies and product development.

At present, various energy-saving technologies and products are rich and varied, and they are constantly innovating.

energy-saving policy in the 11th Five-Year Plan, the energy consumption per 1, yuan of GDP in 21 was reduced from 1.22 tons of standard coal in 25 to about .98 tons of standard coal, a decrease of 2%, and the actual decrease was 19%, and the target was basically achieved.

in the 12th Five-Year Plan, it is proposed that the energy consumption per 1, yuan of GDP will be reduced to .869 tons of standard coal, which is 16% lower than that of 1.34 tons of standard coal in 21. We believe that with the reduction of marginal utility of energy conservation and emission reduction, the state will increase its efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction in the next five years.

industrial energy conservation and building energy conservation will remain the key points of energy conservation and emission reduction in the 12th Five-Year Plan. Specific sub-sectors include waste heat boilers, high-efficiency energy-saving motors, building energy conservation and lighting energy-saving systems of Zhengyi Technology.

2 million kilowatts of waste heat boilers will be added in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. According to our calculation, the installed capacity of waste heat boilers in China is about 2-2.5 million kilowatts each year. According to this plan, the compound growth rate of waste heat boiler industry will remain above 3% in the next three years.

according to the cost of waste heat power generation system of about 8, yuan /KW, the waste heat boiler market in the 12th Five-Year Plan will be about 15 billion yuan.

however, it should be noted that steel, as the largest market for waste heat power generation, has not been developed due to the industry cycle and the sensitivity of its own electricity price, and there is still uncertainty about whether the Twelfth Five-Year Plan can really be launched.

the energy-saving index of buildings in the 12th Five-Year Plan has been greatly improved. In the northern heating area, there are more than 4 million square meters of heating metering and energy-saving renovation of residential buildings, 5 million square meters of energy-saving renovation of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas, and 6 million square meters of energy-saving renovation of public buildings, which is greatly improved compared with the 5 million square meters of heating metering and energy-saving renovation of residential buildings in the northern heating area proposed in the 11th Five-Year Plan.

the operating efficiency of the motor system has been improved by 2-3 percentage points, which has little change from the energy-saving target of the motor system mentioned in the previous medium-and long-term special energy-saving plan. Frequency converters, high-efficiency energy-saving motors and VarSuv energy-saving calculators are still the focus of development.

the market space of inverter is large enough, and it will maintain a compound growth rate of more than 3% in the next few years.

due to the defects in the promotion policy, the development of high-efficiency and energy-saving motors has not been smooth in the past, and it remains to be seen whether they can break through in the future.

generally speaking, we think that the industries that exceed expectations are mainly waste heat, building energy conservation and sewage treatment.

The Plan defines the key areas for the development of energy-saving industry, resource recycling industry and environmental protection industry during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.

first, the energy-saving industry.

Energy-saving technologies and equipment focus on efficient boilers and kilns, motors and dragging equipment, waste heat and pressure utilization equipment, and energy-saving instruments and equipment.

the second is the resource recycling industry.

The focus is on comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, comprehensive utilization of solid waste, reuse and renewable resources, and resource utilization of kitchen waste.

the third is the environmental protection industry.

environmental protection technology and equipment focus on advanced sewage treatment, garbage disposal, air pollution control, hazardous waste and soil pollution control, monitoring equipment, etc.

Policy Reward It was learned from the Ministry of Finance that in order to speed up the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure, improve the quality of economic growth and further promote energy conservation and emission reduction, according to the relevant regulations of the State Council, during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the central government will continue to adopt special transfer payment to reward the work of eliminating backward production capacity in economically underdeveloped areas.

in order to strengthen the management of financial funds and improve the efficiency in the use of funds, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Energy Administration recently jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Central Financial Incentive Funds for Eliminating Backward Production Capacity, making it clear that the central government will continue to arrange special funds to reward the work of eliminating backward production capacity in economically underdeveloped areas.

The three departments have made it clear that the industries to which this management method applies are electric power, ironmaking, steelmaking, coke, calcium carbide, ferroalloy, electrolytic aluminum, cement, flat glass, paper making, alcohol, monosodium glutamate, citric acid, copper smelting, lead smelting, zinc smelting, tanning, printing and dyeing, chemical fiber and industries involving heavy metal pollution.

Electrical energy-saving electric iron 1. Power on the iron for 3 minutes before use, so that the temperature of the iron is just right.

second, heating water when using steam electric iron can save electricity and time.

Third, it needs nylon and polyester fabrics with lower temperature to be ironed first, and cotton, linen and wool fabrics with higher temperature to be ironed later.

fourth, every time you iron clothes, it is necessary to remove fabric wrinkles, and it is not advisable to iron them for too long.

once silk or chemical fiber clothes are heated, wrinkles disappear, so the best way is to pull out the plug, cut off the power supply and iron with waste heat.

5. When purchasing an electric iron, you should choose one that can adjust the temperature.

The high power is better than the low power. It is recommended to buy a 5-watt or 7-watt temperature-regulating electric iron. This electric iron can heat up quickly and automatically cut off the power when it meets the use requirements, which not only saves electricity, but also ensures the ironing quality and saves time.

electric fan 1. the power consumption of the electric fan is directly proportional to the rotating speed of the fan blades. if the air volume meets the use requirements, try to use the middle or low gear.

for example, a 4 mm electric fan consumes 6 watts when using the high gear, and only 4 watts when using the low gear, which can save one third of the electricity.

2. Floor fans and desk fans should be placed in a relatively cool place indoors, and cool air should be blown to a high temperature.

it should be placed in the corner of the house during the day to make the indoor air flow outward; Move to the door of the window at night and blow the outdoor air into the room.

if the indoor natural air flows smoothly, it is best to adjust the fan angle according to the wind direction.

in addition, a well-maintained electric fan can save electricity; Electric fans with oil shortage, deformed blades and easy vibration consume electricity.

air conditioning 1. the air conditioning temperature can be set properly.

when the air conditioner is cooling, it is 2℃ higher than the set temperature, which can save 2% electricity.

The acceptable temperature in the office is generally between 27℃ and 28℃. At this time, the air conditioner can be set as the sleep block, which can also save electricity.

second, the filter should be cleaned frequently.

too much dust will plug the mesh, which will double the effort of air conditioning.

Third, glue paper tape can be used to seal the window joints, and transparent plastic film can be pasted outside the glass window, sun-shading curtains can be used, wooden or plastic boards can be pasted on the indoor walls, and white paint can be painted outside the walls to reduce the loss of cold air.

fourth, choose an air conditioner with moderate cooling power.

5. Avoid direct sunlight.

in summer, you can save about 5% electricity by blocking the direct sunlight.

6. Air conditioners with ventilation function and window air conditioners can save 5%-8% energy without opening a new air door for ventilation when there is no odor indoors.

VII. When the air conditioner cools, the position of the air deflector is adjusted to the horizontal direction, and the cooling effect will be better.

VIII. The air-conditioning piping connecting the indoor unit and the outdoor unit is short and not bent, with good cooling effect and no electricity consumption.

even if bending is necessary, keep the piping in a horizontal position.

9. Keep the air outlet unobstructed.

don't pile up large pieces of furniture to block heat dissipation and increase unnecessary power consumption.

turn off the air conditioner ten minutes before leaving home.

I also remind you that the most important way to save electricity and energy is to choose a powerful brand manufacturer when buying air conditioners. The air conditioners have high overall cost performance, good configuration and good materials, and will consume less energy.

Lighting 1. Fluorescent lamps save more electricity than incandescent lamps.

the brightness of a 2-watt fluorescent lamp is even better than that of a 4-watt incandescent lamp.

(At present, LED fluorescent lamp, a better environmental protection and energy-saving product, can replace 4-watt incandescent lamp with 2 watts, and 2-watt ordinary fluorescent lamp and 2-watt ordinary energy-saving lamp with 4 watts.) Second, the installation height should be appropriate.

For example, if a 2-watt fluorescent lamp is installed with a meter height, the illumination is 6 lux; .8 meters high is 93.75 lux.

properly lowering the height can reduce the wattage and save electricity.

(At present, some LED manufacturers can do it

If the LED is installed 2 meters high, the illumination is about 2 lux; 3 meters high is about 96,2 lux. It is very useful to use LED lighting products to save energy.

if the lamp is equipped with a suitable reflector, the illumination can be improved.

The illumination can also be improved by about 2% by reflecting light from indoor walls and adding white walls.

Fourth, stairs, corridors, toilets and other places can be equipped with automatic control switches, which can turn off the lights at any time, and try to choose light bulbs with small capacity.

Audio-visual household appliances 1. The power transformer in the tape recorder is usually installed in front of the switch, and the power plug should be pulled out in time after each use; Otherwise, even if the switch on the tape recorder is turned off, the power transformer is still turned on, and the no-load current on the line not only wastes electric energy, but also sometimes causes disaster.

Second, don't turn on the brightness of the TV set too much when using it, which will not only save energy, but also prolong its service life.

microwave oven 1. when using the microwave oven, add a plastic film on the food, so that the moisture in the food is not easy to evaporate, which is delicious and saves electricity.

2. Frozen food should not be thawed in the microwave oven as far as possible, and it can be thawed slowly in the freezer in advance.

others:

1. Soak the washed rice in a pot for 3 minutes, and then cook it with warm water or hot water, which can save 3% electricity.

second, the energy consumption generated by household appliances during standby accounts for about 1% of the total household electricity consumption, so the power supply should be cut off when the appliances are not in use.

refrigerator 1. Always remove the frost from the storage room and freezer. Too thick frost will produce great thermal resistance and increase power consumption.

the food should not be too full, so as to facilitate the convection of cold air and keep the temperature in the box balanced; Hot food should be cooled to room temperature before being put into the refrigerator; The temperature adjustment file in the refrigerator should be moderate, and it should not be set to strong cooling, so as to avoid the increase of power consumption of the refrigeration cycle system in the refrigerator due to the increase of workload.

second, the drip pipe above the water tray of the refrigerator is the only direct passage between the refrigerator and the outside air, so the phenomenon of cold leakage can not be ignored. If you wrap a ball of cotton on the drip funnel and then wrap it with string or adhesive tape, you can even save more than 1% electricity when the outside temperature is 35 degrees! Water heater 1. Choose an electric water heater with good insulation effect and anti-scaling device.

in the area where the time-of-use electricity price is implemented, it can be turned on in the low valley, stored heat and kept warm, and closed in the peak period, which can reduce the electricity expenditure.

the temperature of shower is generally set at 5~6℃, and it should be turned off in time when water is not needed to avoid repeated boiling.

Second, hot water needs to be used every day in the home, and the heat preservation effect of the water heater is good, so the water heater should always be energized and set in the heat preservation state. In order to promote the whole society to save energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, protect and improve the environment, and promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development, in October 27, the People's Republic of China and the NPC Standing Committee revised and passed the Energy Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China.

this law provides for energy conservation management, rational use of energy, technological progress in energy conservation, incentives for energy conservation, and relevant legal responsibilities.

"energy saving" is short for energy saving.

this law defines "energy conservation" as strengthening energy management and taking measures that are technically feasible, economically reasonable and acceptable to the environment and society, so as to reduce consumption, reduce losses and pollutant emissions, stop waste, and use energy effectively and reasonably.

frequency conversion energy saving 1. frequency conversion energy saving

frequency converter energy saving is mainly manifested in the application of fans and pumps.

in order to ensure the reliability of production, all kinds of production machinery have a certain margin when they are designed with power drive.

when the motor can't run at full load, in addition to meeting the power driving requirements, the extra torque increases the consumption of active power, resulting in the waste of electric energy.

the traditional speed regulation method of fans, pumps and other equipment is to adjust the air supply and water supply by adjusting the opening of baffles and valves at the inlet or outlet, which has a large input power and consumes a lot of energy in the process of intercepting baffles and valves.

when variable frequency speed regulation is used, if the flow requirement is reduced, the requirement can be met by reducing the speed of the pump or fan.

generally, the energy consumption of fan and water pump load is directly proportional to the cube of rotating speed, which can be obtained through the VarSuv energy-saving calculator.

general experience shows that the energy saving ratio can reach about 3-5%.

2. Power factor compensation for energy saving

Reactive power not only increases the line loss and the heating of equipment, but more importantly, the reduction of power factor leads to the reduction of the active power of the power grid. A large amount of reactive power is consumed in the line, which leads to inefficient use of equipment and serious waste. After using the variable frequency speed regulating device, due to the function of the filter capacitor inside the frequency converter, the reactive power loss is reduced and the active power of the power grid is increased.

3. Soft start and energy saving

The hard start of the motor will have a serious impact on the power grid, and it will also require too high capacity of the power grid. The large current and vibration generated during the start-up will do great damage to the baffles and valves, which is extremely unfavorable to the service life of equipment and pipelines.

after using the frequency conversion energy-saving device, the soft start function of the frequency converter will make the starting current start from zero, and the maximum value will not exceed the rated current, thus reducing the impact on the power grid and the requirements for power supply capacity, and prolonging the service life of equipment and valves.

the maintenance cost of the equipment is saved.

Theoretically, the frequency converter can be used in all mechanical equipment with motors. When the motors are started, the current will be 5-6 times higher than the rated value, which will not only affect the service life of the motors, but also consume more electricity. There will be a certain margin in the selection of the motors when the system is designed, and the speed of the motors is fixed. However, in actual use, the motors sometimes run at a lower or higher speed, so it is very necessary to carry out frequency conversion transformation.

the inverter can realize the soft start of the motor, compensate the power factor, achieve the purpose of energy saving and speed regulation by changing the input voltage frequency of the equipment, and can also protect the equipment from overcurrent, overvoltage and overload.

Energy-saving measures Due to energy shortage, with the further development of energy-saving work, various new and advanced energy-saving furnaces are becoming more and more perfect, and the heat loss of furnaces is obviously reduced after adopting high-quality insulation materials such as new refractory fibers.