Creativity and planning from the opening ceremony to the opening courses

Creativity and planning from the opening ceremony to the opening courses

The reasons for the creativity and planning of the opening courses

First of all, please invite the specially invited local administration, leaders and schools The team members sat in the front row of the rostrum, and then the school principal used a discourse system that students did not understand and did not like to hear, and made a comprehensive and detailed summary of the so-called previous period's work that had little relevance to students, while making careful and systematic arrangements for the current period's work. , then the head teacher, teachers, and students each represented their own group to talk about plans and express their determination. Finally, the local administrative officials spoke some correct nonsense in the universal language... The above scene is repeated year after year in thousands of primary and secondary schools. Performed. The opening ceremony is similar every year. What is the procedure and what is its purpose? No one asks or explores it. It seems that it should be like this. Everyone is "following the script" and doing it as a routine. It can be seen that the opening ceremony in the traditional sense is more standardized, less interactive, and has limited effectiveness. In order to make every opening ceremony no longer a stage for the principal alone, no longer a condescending request from the school, no longer a student leader expressing determination on behalf of the students, no longer a stylized and boring lecture, but a role for everyone. activities that may be directly participated in; in order to make every opening ceremony an experience process in which students mainly participate, and to become an important memory that students will remember hard; in order to make every opening ceremony designed by the students themselves, something that students are particularly looking forward to and paying attention to. The most creative activity, the author believes that it is imperative to elevate the opening ceremony to the level of opening courses for creative planning!

Basic principles for creativity and planning of opening courses:

Education is about discovering students’ needs, meeting their reasonable needs, and finding activities suitable for students to participate in. If we look for students' needs and meet their needs every day, then our education is likely to be successful. Therefore, "making the content and form of the opening ceremony suitable for the needs of students and presenting it with activities that students like" is the first principle for the creativity and planning of the opening ceremony.

"Give students the power to develop and use course resources for the opening ceremony" is the second principle of creativity and planning for the opening ceremony. The opening ceremony is not only a school curriculum, but also a key curriculum. Since it is a course, it should be researched and designed based on the needs of its consumers - students. When we put the power of designing the opening ceremony into the hands of students, refreshing changes will immediately occur. First of all, the purpose of course design has become very clear and specific - it is for students, it is to make students like it, because if they don't like it, it will not be effective. Secondly, the design direction is to try to meet the needs of different students. For example, when new students enter the school, an opening ceremony alone is not enough. Therefore, students can develop a series of courses suitable for new students with the help of teachers, focusing on adapting to the new environment, finding new partners, and establishing new goals.

"The elements of the opening ceremony series of courses must revolve around the word 'new'" is the third principle of the creativity and planning of the opening ceremony courses. This requires that every opening ceremony must be innovative, and every time it must have a brand new theme.

There are big differences in students’ excitement points and course needs among different levels and grades. Respecting this difference is another principle that course design must follow.

Examples of creative and planning cases for opening courses

1. Three classic cases of creative opening courses at Beijing No. 11 School

In 2008, the opening ceremony was Designed as a kick-off meeting for the teacher-student relationship. Before the ceremony, the school mobilized students in each class to find the shining points for each class teacher with the help of grade teachers, and condensed them into one sentence, one class teacher, one sentence of praise. At the opening ceremony, the principal recommended these respectable teachers to the whole school and became the theme of the ceremony, which also pushed the atmosphere of the ceremony to a climax. In the following series of course activities at the beginning of the school year, teachers, students, and parents focused on establishing a good teacher-student relationship, strengthening each other, and meeting to grow together, which laid a good foundation for building a harmonious campus and improving educational efficiency in the new school year.

In 2009, new elements were injected into the opening ceremony, because they proposed the educational goal of cultivating outstanding talents with "high aspirations". Therefore, how to help students start their life orientation at the opening ceremony has become important considerations when designing their introductory courses.

At the opening ceremony, they invited 20 outstanding alumni, and through a live large-screen lottery, lucky students were selected to go to the rostrum and pair up with the invited outstanding alumni. When the selected students walked up to the podium to shake hands, hug and exchange gifts with old alumni, the atmosphere was extremely lively.

On the surface, there are only 20 students in the pairing, but the resulting aura brings strong stimulation to the students, and with the subsequent follow-up of relevant courses designed, it will be better It fully implements the theme of "everyone establishes career goals and starts life planning" that the school hopes to implement seriously this year.

In 2010, the opening ceremony took the "opening passport" as the entry point, with innovative form and expanded content, leaving a wonderful memory for teachers and students. "School Passport" has become their new choice. It is hoped that through the carrier of "School Passport", teachers, students, and parents will be drawn into the event of "the beginning of the new semester", and students will be unforgettable by participating in one opening course after another.

So, along with the "Passport to School", a fun activity idea was born. What’s even more exciting is that they integrated the school’s cultural genes into the passport: there are six colors in the school’s school emblem, representing the school’s six educational goals. They assigned it to six grades, one color for each grade. Each color has its own name: Spring Green, Silver Eagle Grey, Autumn Yellow, Space Blue, Earth Black, and National Flag Red. After studying in school for six years, all the "school-opening passports" will be collected, which record the student's footprints in each year of school.

First, the lucky teachers were selected through the big screen, and they were asked to go to the rostrum to issue passports to the lucky students and sign their signatures; then all the teachers issued passports and signed their signatures to all the students present. In the bright sunshine of September, everyone was moving, and the smiles of the new semester bloomed on the faces of every teacher and student. When drawing lucky students, it is most attractive to use the big screen to scroll and release the names of all students in the school. Lucky students can get new semester gifts. The camera can track and shoot each selected student, which is very exciting. The teacher representatives’ speeches were novel in form, short and exciting. The whole process does not take long, is rich in content, and has endless meanings. It is exciting to be able to pair up outstanding seniors with the class.

Attached is a guide for the use of Beijing No. 11 School’s “School Passport”

Dear students

Welcome to the door of the new semester!

The "School Passport" is a creative souvenir of the new semester given by the school to everyone. It is the most precious collection of each school year. Every activity, every seal, and every "treasure stamp" on the passport embodies the National Day culture and tells the story of the warm people and events of the National Day!

*Cover color

The cover colors of the "school passport" for the six grades from the first year of junior high school to the third year of high school are all different. They are based on the six colors of the school LOGO. All colors are the same. With a unique name and connotation.

The "Spring Green" in the first grade of junior high school represents the hope in spring, full of vitality, imagination and creative power, inspiring students to become active and thoughtful people;

The "silver eagle gray" of the second grade of junior high school represents the calm and perseverance of character and the reserved temperament of elites. It symbolizes that the energy accumulated by the students can burst out in an instant, soar into the sky and soar thousands of miles;

The "Autumn Fruit Yellow" for the fourth grade of junior high school and the first grade of four-year high school exudes the heat of growth and the joy of harvest. This lucky color inspires students to run towards the goal ahead with a more steady pace;

The "space blue" of the first grade represents high aspirations and integrity. The bright and deep space blue opens up a vast world for students, allowing their ideals to grow freely.

The "earth black" for the second grade of high school is the color of down-to-earth, diligence, modesty and calmness. I hope that students will be more down-to-earth when looking up at the stars. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step;

The "national flag red" in the third grade of high school is the color given to our school by the Republic of China. It bears in mind the glorious history of the 11th school and hopes that the 11th students can become " Those who have the courage to take responsibility can become the pillars of the country and the backbone of the nation!

*Opening of School Seal

There are five activities in the "Opening of School Passport" for students to happily participate in. Every time you complete an activity, you will get an opening of school seal. Students who get five seals , a small gift for the new semester will be given.

So, how will you get these five seals?

First of all, at the opening ceremony on September 1st, the teacher will issue this special "school opening passport" to you. In the next few days, you need to complete a series of activities according to the prompts on your passport: first, get to know the school; second, witness by teachers; third, witness by classmates. Fourth, parents witness; fifth, class teacher witnesses. Every time you complete one, you can go to the designated place at the specified time and get a stamped witness.

*Instructions for stamping

To make it easier for everyone to stamp, the stamping service point is located in front of the canteen. There will be signs explaining which table should be stamped. Don't be crowded, and participate in every aspect happily. Service hours are set at noon (11:30-13:50) and after school (17:10-18:10) when everyone is free.

On September 1st, the service point will only stamp the first, second and third activities; on the 2nd, the stamps for the first, second, third and fourth activities will be stamped; on the 3rd, the stamps for the first four activities will be stamped. , a stamp for the fifth activity and a stamp for receiving gifts are also added, and gifts can be received; on the 6th and 7th, only the stamps for the fourth and fifth activities and a stamp for receiving gifts are stamped; gift collection is limited to These two days are over. If it is overdue, please go to the Youth League Committee Office on the first floor of the library to collect it.

After understanding the profound connotations of each eleven element in the "Passport to School", the next few days should be an exciting and enjoyable journey, bring your enthusiasm - let's go!

2. The creativity of the opening ceremony curriculum of Jinzhou Railway Senior High School in Liaoning Province - the opening declaration

At the opening ceremony of each semester, the principal usually gives a speech and puts forward the requirements for the new semester. However, in September 2011, they designed new content and named it "School Declaration". The principal still spoke, but concisely and clearly. Then the school leaders randomly selected some students according to their student numbers to come to the podium, face the whole school teachers and students, and read out their opening speech. This is that the opening ceremony is no longer a stage for the principal alone. It is no longer a condescending request from the school, it is no longer a matter of student leaders expressing determination on behalf of the students, it is no longer a routine and boring lecture, but an activity that everyone can directly participate in. Being selected to read out one's declaration for the beginning of the school year has become an experience that every student looks forward to. The random drawing method was refreshing to the students, and the students who were drawn looked lucky. They regarded this as a rare experience and solemnly read out their declaration for the beginning of the school year. Practice has proved that such activities are very popular among students, and students pay far more attention to the opening ceremony than before.

But they did not stop there. Instead, they continued to ask students to write the declaration for the opening of the school year in a book, and asked at least 5 teachers and 10 classmates to send messages or sign. Some students asked the classmate who had an quarrel with them to sign their names, and the hostility turned into friendship; some asked the teacher to leave a message, and the teacher sincerely wrote his own message, and the teacher-student relationship became harmonious.

During the first two days of school, every student was very busy between classes, busy asking teachers and classmates to write messages, and busy finding witnesses and encouragers for their school opening declaration.

Their original design intention has been achieved by adapting the form of education to the needs of students and turning school education into students' own activities.

3. The creativity of the opening ceremony curriculum of Jinhua Bidever International School in Zhejiang Province - the new semester starts with touching

Fragment 1:

Host 1: " It touches you and me, it touches China, the world only turns around with love." Han Hong's song "Moving China" brings our memory back to the scene of the 2012 Touching China Person of the Year Award Party. Among the top ten people who moved China in 2012 is a girl who moved China with her filial piety and tenacity. She is Meng Peijie.

Meng Peijie had an unfortunate childhood: her parents died one after another when she was 5 years old, and she was taken care of by her adoptive mother Liu Fangying. Three years later, the adoptive mother became paralyzed due to illness, and the adoptive father ran away from home due to the pressure of life. At the age of 8, Meng Peijie began to work hard for a living and took on the important task of serving her paralyzed adoptive mother, never leaving her. In 2009, Meng Peijie was admitted to Linfen College of Shanxi Normal University, a hundred kilometers away from her hometown. She was worried about her adoptive mother and decided to take her mother to college. She rented a house near the school and continued to take good care of her adoptive mother.

...

Host 5: Touched by the award given to Meng Peijie by the China Organizing Committee: In poverty, she worked hard, was optimistic and cheerful, and used youthful vigor to drive away all kinds of misfortunes; in hardship, she had no complaints. Regret, stick to poverty, and let traditional filial piety fill every detail. Although hardship filled more than four thousand days, her smile was still as bright as a flower.

Excerpt 2:

Everyone recited in unison:

Facing the hard work of our parents, we sincerely said: "Mom, Dad, I love you!" "; In the face of the teacher's unremitting efforts, we sincerely say: "Teacher, thank you!"; In the face of others' selfless help, we sincerely say: "Thank you, classmate!" Filial piety is the starting point of a person's life; respect for teachers is the cornerstone of a person's life; civilization is a person's noble business card; gratitude is the guarantee of a person's adulthood. This is not the venue for the annual awards ceremony for Touching China, nor is it the live broadcast of some large-scale cultural evening, but two clips from the opening ceremony of the new semester of Jinhua Bidever International School with the theme of "Moving China, Touching You and Me". …

This is not the venue for the annual award ceremony of Touching China, nor is it the live broadcast of some large-scale cultural evening, but the theme of the new semester of Jinhua Bidever International School "Moving China, Touching You and Me" Two clips from the opening ceremony.

On February 13, 2012, the familiar and cordial national anthem opened the four major chapters of Bidever International School's "Moving China, Touching You and Me" themed opening ceremony: Learning to be a human being and "continuous self-improvement" , Determined to Become a Talent" Chapter; Learn to Be a Human Being, "Filial Piety, Respect Teachers, and Create Harmony"; Learn to Be a Human Being, "Practice Civility, Be a Young Gentleman"; Learn to Be a Human Being, "Teach and Educate People, Serve Students" Chapter . The four major chapters form a harmonious whole; the whole process composes an interactive movement. The interaction on the stage was reflected from top to bottom, and the entire opening ceremony was permeated with the elements of "touching, self-improvement, harmony and civilization". In just 40 minutes, more than a hundred teachers and students came to the podium to participate in the display. All people at Bidever International School in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province witnessed the beauty of the starting point of the new semester. An unusual opening ceremony has ended. It brought new feelings and experiences to teachers and students, and started a new journey for the school's new semester.

4. "Opening Ceremony" for the first-year students of Liucheng County Experimental Primary School

On the morning of September 4, 2008, the multimedia classroom on the first floor of Liucheng County Experimental Primary School was brightly lit and packed with seats. The Education Bureau, the Related Work Committee, the Civilization Office and the school leaders sat on the rostrum, with 274 first-grade students in the middle. Parent representatives around them held up their cameras and kept clicking. This is the "opening ceremony" for first-year students being held in Liucheng County Experimental Primary School.

"The crown must be straight and the buttons must be knotted. The socks and shoes must be tight..." Accompanied by the sound of reading, the first item of the "opening ceremony" - the straightening of clothes and hats - began. From self-correcting clothes to correcting clothes to each other and then to correcting clothes with teachers and teachers, the children pull their collars, roll up their sleeves, tie their shoelaces... Look, they all look so energetic and generous! It's exactly this: the education of children begins with clothes; correct clothes first, and then understand things.

"Dong, dong, dong..." Under the leadership of the relevant working committee, 10 representatives of first-year freshmen lined up to "beat drums and pledge their ambitions" one by one! Knock hard with your little hands, because the louder the drumming sound is and the farther the sound travels, it means the greater the ambition. The bright red silk scarves were flying, the sonorous and powerful drums echoed in the classroom, and every ideal was kept in my heart. Cheers, cheers, applause, and drums came and went, and it was really lively.

"The head is upright, the shoulders are flat, the body is straight, and the feet are secure... When writing human characters, pay attention to the strokes and strokes of each stroke, and the strokes are flush with each other, so that the characters can stand firmly and the person can be upright. ..." Teacher Deng, who teaches calligraphy, demonstrated and explained at the same time, and the children listened attentively. Yes, what is happening now is the third item of the "opening ceremony" - enlightenment drawing! Following the host's order, the children began to draw the word "人" in red. How seriously they wrote! After a while, the students who had finished writing raised the cards in their hands for the surrounding parents, teachers and guests to appreciate. Suddenly, the classroom seemed like groups of colorful butterflies flying, and like colorful flags fluttering in the wind. Parents cast approving glances from time to time and couldn't help but applaud warmly.

"Teacher, thank you for your hard work!" "Teacher, please drink tea!"... The children held tea in both hands and handed it to the teacher representatives. The teachers' faces showed a smile of relief.

Yes, this is the fourth item in the "opening ceremony" - tea to pay homage to your teacher! It means that starting from today, the teacher will lead the children through more than 10 years of learning life, so we must "know the teacher and believe in the way." "Whoever speaks an inch of grass will be rewarded with three rays of spring light", let all the blessings, thanks, respect and love melt into a cup of tea. I believe the teacher must drink it in his mouth and it will be sweet to his heart!

The most lively part is “giving words and giving gifts”! After the leaders of the Education Bureau, teachers’ representatives, and parents’ representatives gave their words, the classroom was filled with excitement! Leaders, teachers, and parents all joined in the process of distributing red eggs: "I wish your study life is as happy as the red eggs, and as beautiful as the red eggs!" The children held the red eggs as if they were holding a priceless treasure, and they felt happy. Flowers!

A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. A good start lays the foundation for success. I believe that today’s opening ceremony will become an unforgettable memory for the children throughout their lives. I also hope that through today’s opening ceremony, the children will take the first step in learning and take every step of life well.

5. Creativity of the opening ceremony curriculum of Zhengzhou Cai Cai Experimental Primary School - 5-kilometer "hiking" social practice themed activity

Activity process:

(1) , each class gathered in front of the national flag stage. The squadron cards and squadron flags were played; the physical education committee members of each class assembled and teachers counted the number of students; the principal gave a speech and announced the start of the activity.

(2) Arrive at the designated location according to the route planned by the school. Sing the "class song" during the walk, display the class slogan, "class call", "recite the display" and other content.

3. Carry out expansion training after arriving at the designated place:

Example 1. "Working together" project

Goal: Learn to "unite and help each other" and guide the direction : The establishment of the class collective and the sense of class collective honor; Props: 2 wooden boards of 150cm and 15cm width for each class, 12 symmetrically drilled holes on the edge of the board and 6 ropes (100cm high); Organization leader: Class teacher (command and spiritual guidance ).

Example 2, "Actually You Are Really Great" Project

Goal: Cultivate students' self-confidence and change students with special needs; Props: several pens and colored cardboard; Operation process: Specify A classmate stands in front of the class (with his back to the class), and other classmates write his strengths on the back of the designated person, and finally give it to the classmate as a gift for the new semester.

Example 3, "Blind Formation"

Objective: To cultivate students' awareness of teamwork, obedience to instructions and self-discipline; props: a rope and 50 blindfolds; the number of participants specified by the coach , declare discipline and project rules, and complete the activity goals forming a square within the specified time.

Example 4, "Island Survival"

Goal: Cultivate the awareness of teamwork, obeying orders and self-discipline; Props: Several sheets of newspapers or chalk to draw several rectangles (shapes) on the ground The area that is close to the number of people in the group standing on one foot); Operation process: The coach reads out the rules of the game, and each class runs in a large circle. When the command "Enter" is heard, see which group is the fastest to stand on one foot and maintain stability. Does not violate project rules.

Example 5 "Crossing the Lifeline"

Objective: Cultivate the awareness of teamwork, obedience to instructions and self-discipline; Props: Several newspapers; Operational process: The referee reads the rules of the project and draws two parallel lines, with a length of 5 meters or 10 meters. The team captain draws lots to decide the competition object. Two teams compete in the PK knockout, and the team with the least time within the specified time is the winner.

Example 6: Lucky moment: Lucky teachers and students are selected and awarded lucky certificates and blessings for the new semester.

Operation process: Put the prepared list of teachers and students in a box and bag, draw 3 lucky names, and issue lucky certificates.

Example 7, "Self-Promotion"

Use civilized and polite language to say hello and introduce yourself to pedestrians on the roadside or students in other classes whom you do not know. Example: Hello! I am a student of Lizai Experimental School. My name is &&&. Today we will do another activity of conveying blessings. I wish you a new year and a new atmosphere and realize your dreams!

When returning to school, sing the "class song", demonstrate the "class call", "recite classics" and other content; after arriving at the school, return to the class to share the results.

"Excursion" is a "long march" that strengthens the will. It is not only a test of the students' physical fitness, but also exercises the students' perseverance and tempers the students' will; the process of the excursion is to show the new look and new goals of the class. and cohesive processes. In the new semester, students can feel the natural scenery, feel the warmth of the class, realize the happiness of school life and class life, and leave beautiful memories in their lives.

6. Fengqiu Shixin School’s 2011 summer opening ceremony course draws on the creativity of the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games - the team flag fluttering theme activity

During the summer vacation, students are mobilized to design their own classes Based on the business card - personalized class name, class style, class motto, class song, class emblem, class flag, and class cartoon image, the class business card selection will be conducted on the first day of the new semester. At the same time, each class carefully produced distinctive class flags.

The opening ceremony will be held at the school track and field. The entire opening ceremony was like a shining golden sun. The principal held the school flag and stood in the center of the sun (park). The leadership team, commended outstanding teachers, and students surrounded the school flag in three concentric circles; the twenty-eight classes formed 28 rays of sunlight, and each class held their own Their own class cards and class flags; all teachers and students hold different colored cardboards at hand. Teachers and students' oaths, commendations for excellence, interpretation of school culture, and work arrangements were drawn from the Beijing Olympic Games. Through the dancing of class flags and the change of color cardboard, they were presented in a vivid and beautiful way. The students who attended the meeting were deeply moved. Shocked, emotionally cultivated, and soul purified.

7. Creative planning of the opening ceremony curriculum of Tianyuan Primary School in Yucheng, Shangqiu - Announcement of individual application for student honorary titles

"Real education is self-education", in order to better guide Students engage in self-education so that all children can experience the joy of success. At the opening ceremony of Tianyuan Primary School in Yucheng, Shangqiu, it launched a public announcement of individual applications for student honorary titles, allowing students to choose honorary titles themselves.

The school requires each student to apply for the honorary title they want to obtain in the new semester based on their actual situation two days before the opening ceremony, and at the same time, set standards based on the "predetermined" honorary title. measure. Students can apply for one honorary title or multiple honorary titles. At the opening ceremony, students solemnly filled in the honorary titles they applied for on the grade-specific silk brocade specially made by the school. Select some teachers and students to read out the honorary titles they want to apply for and the measures to achieve the standards. After the meeting, the silk brocade was hung on a pillar in the campus so that it could be supervised by the teachers and students of the school in the future. At the same time, the symbolic silk brocade has become a beautiful scenery on campus.

At the end of the semester, students conduct self-evaluations and report their achievement of standards to the whole class. If the students are determined by the class to have reached the standards, the school will award honorary titles and commendations.

The implementation of the individual application standard system for students’ honorary titles internalizes students’ external incentives into conscious pursuits, and encourages students to make continuous progress in the process of exceeding goals and self-reflection.

Examples of creative and planning ideas that can be used for reference in the components of the opening curriculum

1. Annual inspection of good habits and graduation certificate;

2. Behavioral habits, study habits and military training Performance;

3. Put the opening ceremony in the evening and hold it in the form of a bonfire party;

4. Plant a commemorative tree at the opening ceremony;

5. Department Write a wish note and use small balloons to fly your dreams;

6. Teachers and students splash water on each other to express their blessings for the new school year;

7. Collect various smiling faces and make school smiling faces wall;

8. Use a press conference interview format instead of the principal’s speech;

9. Use a new teacher group or individual talent show to replace the introduction of new teachers;

10. Let the first-year students ring the bell of the new semester;

11. Let the first-year students stand outside the closed gate of the school, and the principal will ask the students "Why are you here?" "Go to school? Why do you go to school?" asked the question. After the students answered, the teacher representative slowly opened the door of wisdom, and the teachers and students walked together to welcome the children.

12. Hold a grand inauguration ceremony for the members of the Student Autonomy Committee

13. Carry out "Teacher, I want to say something to you in the new semester; child, I want to say something to you in the new semester" or " Boy (girl) I want to say something to you" activity;

14. Use the form of sitcom to express the relationship between teachers and students;

15. Use "teacher" Tell stories, do experiments, and let students understand the truth on the spot" instead of speaking to students;

16. Let students award awards to their teachers in their own way and with gifts specially made by themselves; < /p>

17. Lead new first-year students to visit the principal’s office and other functional rooms.

18. Use the form of principals donating books to teachers, teachers donating books to students, and conducting book rafting among students to launch reading activities.

19. Specially invite doormen, cleaners, and cooks who usually have no chance to appear in public to come to the podium of the opening ceremony. The principal leads the leadership team to bow to them in thanks;

20. Use scrolls to display and review the large-scale activities of the school in the previous period one by one, using scrolls that children like, so that children can relive the beautiful moments.

Warm reminder

Curriculum is a product provided by a school to children, and it is also a concentrated expression of the school's characteristics and taste. Incorporating all carriers that can promote students' development, such as opening ceremonies and festival activities into curriculum management, is the core of insisting that quality education starts from the curriculum. Stones from other mountains can be used to attack jade. The author has collected and compiled ideas and plans for the opening ceremony. Some of them can be used directly with slight changes; some can be derived from useful elements and arranged and combined to derive new plans; some can allow you to generate new ideas. Inspiration, creating new ideas through divergent thinking and different thinking.