Requirements for teaching purposes of Chinese language in junior high schools

Implement the spirit of the "State Council's Decision on the Reform and Development of Basic Education", the Ministry of Education's "Basic Education Curriculum Reform Outline (Trial)", and the Ministry of Education's "Chinese Curriculum Standards" for nine-year compulsory education. To implement the "three dimensions" curriculum objectives, strive to improve students' learning ability, enhance students' awareness of autonomy and innovation, comprehensively improve students' Chinese literacy, and promote the implementation of the new Chinese curriculum in junior high schools in our city, we have specially formulated the "Jingjiang Junior High School Basic Requirements for Teaching Chinese Language Subjects (Trial)".

1. About the Teaching of Classical Chinese Poetry

The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" point out: "Recite ancient poems and consciously improve your appreciation and aesthetic taste through accumulation, perception and application. "Read simple classical Chinese and understand the basic content with the help of reference books."

According to the requirements of the "Chinese Curriculum Standards", the following aspects should be paid attention to in the teaching of classical Chinese poetry:

1. Pay attention to reading. The recitation of classical Chinese poetry is very important. Teachers should guide and guide students to recite it repeatedly so that students can develop a sense of language during reading. This is very helpful for students to learn classical Chinese poetry well.

2. Pay attention to the foundation of classical Chinese. The teaching of classical Chinese should pay attention to the understanding and accumulation of classical Chinese words and the translation of classical Chinese sentences. Learning classical Chinese words and translating classical Chinese sentences should be closely integrated with the context, and excessive grammatical analysis should be avoided as much as possible.

3. Pay attention to accumulation and application. The teaching of classical Chinese poetry should strengthen recitation and dictation training, and guide students to learn to use some aphorisms, improve students' appreciation taste and aesthetic taste through accumulation and application, and enrich students' cultural heritage. Effective training of content words and function words in classical Chinese should be strengthened at ordinary times. Teachers should help students sort out and summarize and form a system.

4. Pay attention to the overall perception and appreciation evaluation. The teaching of classical Chinese poetry should pay attention to the overall perception, appropriately guide students to appreciate and evaluate, and avoid cumbersome and fragmented analysis.

5. The "extracurricular recitation of ancient poems and essays" in the textbook does not occupy class time. Teachers should guide students to complete the recitation of extracurricular ancient poems and essays in a planned manner. Recite 2 ancient poems or articles every week.

2. Regarding the teaching of basic Chinese knowledge

The basics of Chinese are very important. The teaching of basic knowledge of modern Chinese language should not be ignored. Basic knowledge of Chinese language can be learned along with the text, or it can be studied on special topics and scientifically trained. Students should master the necessary basic knowledge of Chinese language during their studies.

It is necessary to continue to consolidate Chinese Pinyin, especially the identification of polyphonic and polysemous characters, and to strengthen training; continue to expand literacy, to be able to recognize 3,500 common characters, and to be able to write correctly and neatly, with a certain speed ; Be able to modify common incorrect sentences; master common rhetorical methods such as metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, repetition, questioning, and rhetorical questions, and actively guide students to use them.

In the teaching of basic Chinese knowledge, students should be actively guided to apply, learn through application, and master through application.

3. About reading teaching

Reading teaching is one of the important contents of Chinese teaching. Teachers should actively guide students to take the initiative in reading, guide students to master reading methods, so that students can learn to read while reading, develop a sense of language during reading, cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems during reading, and cultivate students' innovative consciousness during reading. Cultivate students' correct emotions, attitudes and values ??in reading.

1. Reading teaching must first pay attention to reading. Students' exposure to texts is the beginning of reading. The process of reading teaching is a dialogue process between students, teachers, and texts. During teaching, students should be guided to read in a variety of ways and dialogue with the text.

2． Pay attention to "overall grasp". From the perspective of learning purposes, students are required to be able to grasp the text as a whole. This includes the content, opinions, emotions, ideas, etc. of the text.

3. In reading teaching, we should pay attention to the taste of language. It is necessary to guide students to "understand and consider the meaning and role of important words and phrases in the language environment" and "guide students to appreciate the expressive language in works."

4. In reading teaching, we must pay attention to both "knowledge and ability" and process and methods, so as to cultivate students' healthy emotions, positive attitude towards life and correct values.

5． In reading teaching, we must not only pay attention to the unified understanding of the relevant learning content, but also pay attention to students' unique perceptions and experiences. The two cannot be neglected.

6. In reading teaching, attention should be paid to guiding students to learn to read several common styles (see page 11 of the "Course Standards" for reading requirements of various styles). Students can read according to the characteristics of different genres and master the methods of intensive reading, skimming, skipping and browsing. Read more, read well, read good books, read the whole book. Read general modern texts at least 500 words per minute.

7. Pay attention to students' dominant position in the reading process. In the dialogue between teachers, texts, and students, the center of the dialogue is the individual student. Teachers, students, texts, etc. only provide good conditions and environment for students' personal reading.

8． Teachers are the organizers, leaders and promoters of students' learning. Students' "autonomy, cooperation and inquiry" need the guidance of teachers. Teachers' guidance and promotion should include necessary guidance, teaching, guidance of methods, inspiration of ideas, evaluation, etc. The "autonomy, cooperation, inquiry" learning style advocated by the new curriculum does not simply abolish the necessary teaching by teachers. Teachers should flexibly design according to the teaching content and the actual situation of students, and do not mix students' active learning style and receptive learning style. contrasting learning styles.

9. During study, attention should be paid to cultivating students' habits of consciously using reference books, consciously collecting information, and taking reading notes.

10． Teachers should help students develop reading plans and read a wide range of reading materials. The total amount of extracurricular reading should be no less than 2.6 million words, and three to four classics should be read every school year. The reading materials come from "Reading Book", "Reading Appreciation of Famous Classics", "Extended Reading", etc., and you must memorize at least one famous novel or beautiful article every week.

IV. About writing teaching

The overall goal of writing in the "Chinese Curriculum Standards" is: "Be able to express one's meaning specifically and clearly, and be able to express oneself according to the To meet the needs of daily life, use common expressions to write.” To achieve this goal, teachers should guide students to learn to write through writing practice.

1． Actively guide students to "observe life from multiple angles, discover the richness and variety of life, and capture the characteristics of things."

2. Writing should be closely connected with life, focusing on drawing materials and ideas from students’ life vision and emotional experience.

3. The work should have true feelings and actively guide students to "strive to express their unique feelings and true experiences of nature, society, and life." and cultivate students' emotions, attitudes and values.

4. Regarding composition review, teachers should actively guide students to self-revise their compositions, and groups should review each other's compositions.

Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Composition teaching should focus on cultivating students' ability to revise by themselves." "Developing the ability to revise by oneself will be useful for life." The "Course Standards" also clearly stated It is necessary to "nurture the habit of revising one's own compositions. Students can review and revise each other's compositions and "can exchange writing experiences with others", from which they can "share feelings, communicate opinions, and learn from each other.

5. In writing teaching , teachers should strengthen writing guidance and composition review. Guidance should focus on inspiring ideas before writing. Comments should evaluate and guide students from various aspects such as material selection, conception, structure, language, emotion, attitude, and students' composition review. p>

6. The writing teaching should be systematic from the first to the third grade of junior high school, and the composition should be organically unified with no less than 16 times per school year, and the other writing exercises should be no less than 10,000 words. Complete an exercise of no less than 500 words.

5. About oral communication

The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" point out: "Oral communication ability is an essential ability for modern citizens and should be implemented in specific ways. Cultivate students' listening, expression and response abilities in oral communication situations, so that students have the literacy to conduct interpersonal communication in a civilized and harmonious manner. ”

The process of oral communication is an interactive process between listeners and listeners. Therefore, teaching activities should be carried out in specific communication situations. The oral communication process embodies the “three dimensions” process goals and integrates “knowledge and The requirements of the three dimensions of "ability, process and method, emotional attitude and value" are interpenetrated and integrated into one. The following aspects should be paid attention to in oral communication teaching activities:

1. In oral communication teaching, oral communication situations must be carefully created. Oral communication is a Chinese teaching activity that occurs in a specific environment. It cannot be carried out without the "specific environment". Therefore, teaching should be carefully created to suit life. The actual oral communication situation gives students an immersive feeling and allows them to enter the communicative situation.

There are many ways to create situations in oral communication, such as: displaying relevant physical objects, making relevant props, using audio and video recordings to enhance the atmosphere, as well as teachers and students' performances, language descriptions, etc.

2. Pay attention to the two-way interaction. The core of oral communication is "communication", which is the interactive process between the listener and the speaker.

3. Pay attention to the civilized attitude and language cultivation of oral communication.

4. Give students more opportunities to communicate and guide students to learn oral communication through the practice of oral communication. “Learn to listen, express and communicate”.

Teachers should strive to, on the one hand, persist in cultivating students' oral communication skills in oral communication teaching, and on the other hand, guide students to improve their oral communication skills in a wide range of daily life practices. Students can be organized to carry out various activities to exercise their oral communication skills.

6. About comprehensive learning

Comprehensive learning of Chinese is a collective activity in which students complete learning tasks through collaboration under the guidance of teachers. Comprehensive learning reflects the synthesis of learning goals, which includes the synthesis of learning goals in four aspects: literacy and writing, reading, writing, and oral communication; reflects the synthesis of "three dimensions"; reflects the synthesis of learning methods; reflects the discipline synthesis between. In comprehensive learning and teaching, the following two aspects should be paid attention to:

1. Paying attention to "autonomy, cooperation, and inquiry", comprehensive learning should mainly design and organize activities by students. Students collaborate to develop activity plans, collaborate to collect and research relevant information, and collaborate to demonstrate learning results.

2. Give full play to the guiding role of teachers. In comprehensive learning, teachers should be neither organizers nor bystanders. Teachers should be guides and participants in the entire process of students’ comprehensive learning. Teachers’ guidance includes: planning guidance, activity guidance, and method guidance. , evaluation guidance, etc. Let students organize activities independently and experience the joy of cooperation and success in the activities.

7. About the use of teaching aids

In teaching, teachers should actively use teaching aids according to the actual situation of the school. Such as: small blackboard, slide projector, tape recorder, multimedia, etc.

With the development of the times, multimedia is gradually replacing small blackboard, slide projector, tape recorder, etc. in classroom teaching. Modern information technologies such as multimedia are gradually Entering the classroom brings vitality and vitality to Chinese classroom teaching, and promotes the reform and development of Chinese classroom teaching.

It is worth noting that multimedia can only be an auxiliary means and cannot replace the Chinese teacher's writing on the blackboard. We should use it reasonably and appropriately, and should not use it to replace the text or students' reading.

8. Evaluation of students' learning

The evaluation of students in teaching is to examine the extent to which students have achieved learning goals, promote students' learning, and promote students' development. Evaluation should be based on several aspects: "knowledge and abilities, processes and methods, emotional attitudes and values". Evaluation should be mainly encouraging evaluation. When evaluating students' learning, attention should be paid to the combination of teachers' evaluation, students' self-evaluation and mutual evaluation among students.

The evaluation of student learning should focus on the evaluation of students’ learning process, including the extent and performance of students’ participation in learning activities, awareness and ability of cooperation and communication, etc. Evaluation can take a variety of evaluation methods, such as written examinations, oral examinations, written examinations, classroom observations, classroom tests, etc.

9. About the development and utilization of Chinese course resources

Chinese course resources include classroom teaching resources and extracurricular learning resources, such as textbooks, teaching flipcharts, reference books, other books, newspapers and periodicals , movies, television, radio, libraries, exhibition halls, newspaper galleries, etc. Natural scenery, cultural relics, customs, and daily life topics can all become resources in Chinese courses.

We must attach great importance to the development and utilization of Chinese course resources, actively guide students in extracurricular reading, continuously enrich students’ Chinese accumulation, and constantly improve students’ Chinese literacy. Enhance students' awareness of learning and using Chinese in various situations. Make students truly become the masters of learning and life.

Jingjiang Municipal Education Bureau Teaching Research Office

September 15, 2009

Continue reading