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What is news broadcast?
The broadcast duration of the news broadcast program is 30 minutes, but it will be longer if the events that happened that day are of great significance to China, or if there is an emergency in China. The extended time will be adjusted according to the scale and nature of the activity. In the past, the technical level of CCTV was not enough for 24-hour live broadcast. Only from 6: 55 every night, after the national anthem and the program preview, the countdown to the launch of News Network is 5 seconds. In other words, "News Network" is the key program that started the first shot. The broadcast date also shows that it is the first column to meet the audience every day. Of course, there is no such concept now.
Since 1 September, 19821day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has clearly stipulated that important news should be released on the news network first, thus establishing the important position of the program as an official news release channel. The purpose of the program is to "publicize the voice of the party and the government and spread world events"; However, the order of news is not determined by the importance, but by the ranking of national leaders. According to the broadcast order, the general contents are: the diplomacy, visits, meetings and inspections of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau (PSC), meetings held by the Central Committee, short films on ideological education, short messages (progress in various fields in China, people's mental outlook, elegant demeanor in China), and finally international news and sports news, which usually last less than five minutes.
In Chinese mainland, foreign media and even local TV stations have certain restrictions on interviews (such as disasters and military exercises). ), and CCTV generally has no restrictions here (at the same level as Xinhua News Agency), so News Network has become the only way to publicly release some important news clips in disguise. The major news media have no choice but to quote its fragments and words. Some local TV stations even quoted CCTV clips to broadcast international news.
In addition, this news program has not changed much in form, anchor style and opening music. Luo Jing, one of the anchors, once said that the host should get the director's approval to cut his hair. Among them, only the opening animation has obvious changes, from China's calligraphy characters to the computer-generated animation title and emblem twice.
On June 7th, 2005, due to the live broadcast of the South Asian tsunami fund-raising program "Love Without Borders Performing Arts Show", the broadcast of CCTV news by China local TV station was forced to be interrupted.
In other countries, such as Japan's major TV broadcast networks (such as the morning and evening national broadcast news of Japan Broadcasting Association), the major TV broadcast networks in the United States have similar news broadcast columns.
[Edit this paragraph] ◆ Broadcast time
The program started on 1 978 65438+1 October1,and is now premiered on CCTV Comprehensive Channel (1episode) and News Channel 19:00. News channel 2 1:00, Chinese international channel (4 sets) 0 1:00. (Beijing time)
[Edit this paragraph] ◆ "News Network" column positioning
The people said: "The major policies of the country are related to the food, clothing, housing and transportation of each of us."
The cadres said: "There are people's joys and sorrows here, which is an important basis for government decision-making."
News Network entered Zhongnanhai the fastest, and it is a national TV news release organization. Comrade Xu Li of CCTV-4 pointed out that the exposition of a news in News Network represents the position of the central government and its "fixed tone".
News Network is the trump card column of CCTV, and has become the most concerned news program in the world.
"News Network" has excellent journalists all over the world, promoting exclusive advantages and bringing together the essence of the world. It is a true recorder of major events at home and abroad; Through international broadcast, CCTV international channel replay, online video, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao media collection, attracted worldwide attention.
News simulcast is a pioneer in the field of "special record". Liang Xiaotao, director of the news center, said: "Not only pay attention to news events, but also pay attention to news value. It turns out that the textbook says that "news" is "recent events", which may not be comprehensive. (For example, when the Watergate incident in the United States was released, it was not recent. Also, we say that news is a series of events, not a simple point. "
"News Network" pays attention to standardization and objectivity, and resolutely does not take the entertainment route of "telling the news", nor does it say "nonsense" such as "the next news".
[Edit this paragraph] ◆ History of news broadcast development
1976, the birthday of the party, according to the opinions of TV stations in all provinces in China, Beijing TV broadcasted the national TV news broadcast for the first time, transmitting signals to more than 0 TV stations in all provinces and municipalities along the microwave trunk line. The broadcast time is 10 ~ 15 minutes. There are only location films, and there is no oral broadcast in the studio. Most of the early local news of News Network was sent to Beijing by plane or train, and it took up to a week or half a month to meet the audience.
1 978 65438+1October1,CCTV news broadcast officially started. Since the establishment of 1958 CCTV, the news column has assumed the responsibility of "news establishment". News Network is the most watched and influential TV news program in China at present, and it is also the TV program with the largest audience in the world.
In February, 65438+, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing, which opened a new era of reform and opening up in China. Historical coincidence makes news broadcast shoulder the heavy responsibility of recording the changes of the times. Therefore, she is the most faithful recorder of China's reform and opening up.
News broadcast covers politics, economy, science and technology, society, military affairs, diplomacy, culture and sports. It recorded the daily changes of China in the past 30 years by objective, vivid and rich documentary means. Therefore, she is the most authentic history textbook.
From the general secretary of the party to ordinary party member; From old people to children; From white-collar workers to blue-collar workers ... is her loyal audience. Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south, pay attention to the rejuvenation of the motherland and the future of the nation at the same time and space. Therefore, she is the bridge and link between the party and the government and the broad masses of the people.
From 1 September, 19791day, CCTV has set up a new column-"International News": Xinhua News Agency compiles and publishes a five-minute international newsletter for it every day; Broadcast the location film of "Joint Independent Television News Agency" jointly invested by Britain and the United States; And collect news from Hong Kong and fly it to Beijing.
Since Labor Day 1980, the reserved column names of international news have been incorporated into news broadcast. Later, News Network improved its arrangement and no longer separated oral international news from international news location films. International news is fully integrated into the news network, consolidating its leading position. During this period, local TV news was changed from microwave trunk line to air transmission, and the news broadcast time was increased to 30 minutes.
198 1 The Qingdao Conference held in the spring made two major decisions: TV stations in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are collective journalists of CCTV and have the responsibility and obligation to contribute to CCTV; Television stations in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government must broadcast "News Network" programs. This enabled her to have the largest team of journalists in a short period of time, and established a news communication network with the largest audience in the world. Brand-new management concept, excellent talent team, pragmatic professionalism and advanced technical means have promoted the rapid development of news broadcast and the continuous progress of TV news. Therefore, she is the leader of TV news reform and innovation in China.
Since 1982 reported on the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has advanced the release time of major current affairs news from 20: 00 to 19: 00, and important news was first released in the news broadcast. From then on, news broadcast is the most authoritative publishing agency, whether it is international news or domestic news, whether it is central government decree or local people's livelihood.
From September 1 day 1982, major current affairs news was first released by news broadcast, which established her status as an independent news release agency.
Starting from 1984, foreign journalists sent by news broadcast include TV news of Taiwan Province province in China. And exchange news with countries and regions in the A, B and C areas of the Asian Broadcasting Union, and strengthen the reporting on the Third World.
The news broadcast began to include international news such as CNN from 1987.
1 991September1day, the news broadcast went to the world through the international satellite channel, covering the whole world. At present, news network has established 18 reporter stations in 17 countries and regions around the world, and established news program exchange and cooperation relations with world-renowned TV stations such as CNN. "Carrying forward the exclusive advantages and gathering talents in the world" has become her purpose and characteristic. Major emergencies in the world often become "news broadcast" and "news that our station has just received"; The contents broadcast by News Network often become international reports of major overseas media. Therefore, she is the window for China to know the world, and also the window for the world to know China.
From 1 99665438+1October1,news broadcast changed from recording to live broadcast, and the timeliness entered a new era of racing against time.
Since the end of last century, many countries and regions can see "news simulcast" and "news simulcast" going global.
Since 2005, news broadcast has paid more and more attention to "being close to the masses, life and reality", paying more and more attention to the good deeds around the people, the dedication of ordinary party member and the experience of ordinary units. It has carried forward the truth, goodness and beauty, brought into play the public welfare effect of "touching China" and curbed the spread of unhealthy phenomena.
After the news channel was revised in 2006, each program has its own emphasis, and News Network is a selection and summary of all news. At the same time, the replacement of new and old announcers has aroused widespread concern and heated discussion.
[Edit this paragraph] ◆ "News Network" host lineup
The earliest announcer of News Network was Li Juan, 196 1 assigned to china national radio.
1973 was selected and transferred to Beijing TV station. Lv Dayu, Liu Jia, Zhao Zhongxiang, Lu Jing, Liu Yang, He Hongmei, Xue Fei, Du Xian, Zhang Zheng and others also broadcast news broadcasts in succession. Xing Zhibin stood guard for the longest time in News Network. His style is low-key, he sits firmly on the floor and retreats to the second line of "mentoring".
Luo Jing worked in CCTV from 65438 to 0983 as an announcer of News Network. The broadcast is peaceful, steady and authoritative, with high breath and singing skills.
Comrade Li 1989 was promoted from Gansu TV Station to CCTV, with outstanding temperament, dignity and elegance.
The voice of Li Ruiying, the chairman of business guidance, appropriately combines the sweetness of Wang and the seriousness of Jing Yidan, and the broadcast is highly targeted. Adjunct Professor of Communication University of China, Executive Vice President of Broadcasting Presiding Committee of Radio and Television Association, and Member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Wang Ning 198 1 Qingdao 3 1 graduated, 1983 entered Qingdao TV Station, 1986 entered Beijing Broadcasting Institute and was elected as a news announcer in CCTV.
Zhang Yu 1982 joined CCTV after graduating from Beijing Broadcasting Corporation. His broadcast is approachable and very popular with the audience.
On June 5, 2006, from February 6 to 9, 2007, Li, Kang Hui, Hai Xia and Guo Zhijian appeared in News Network successively, and now they have hosted the program alternately with four old hosts.
[Edit this paragraph] ◆ The behind-the-scenes story of news broadcast
Ji: Take a machine gun to dinner.
Journalists must have professional qualities. The Iraq war was once characterized as a live broadcast war by the media, so journalists were required to walk in front of the soldiers. This is a professional spirit. Military journalists sometimes really have to face death and grab the latest shots.
In March 2005, I led an interview with China peacekeepers in Liberia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A week before we arrived in the Democratic Republic of Congo, nine Pakistani peacekeepers were killed in tribal conflicts. As the commander of the Southwest Theater, the supreme commander of Pakistan's peacekeeping forces heard that China's CCTV was coming, so he must be invited to dinner. At the appointed time, two trucks loaded with heavily armed soldiers and with machine guns on the top of the cab came to pick us up, closely protected in tandem, and guarded by soldiers at various intersections along the way. Although everyone ate a bowl of instant noodles after dinner, it was the most grand dinner I had ever had.
We interviewed China's peacekeeping engineering unit in Liberia. They are responsible for the maintenance of the highway bridge Liang Xiujian. Most of the construction sites are in the jungle, and the average temperature at the scene during the day is above 45℃, but we are going to shoot at noon. In order to prevent mosquito bites, you must also put on long trousers, and tie the cuffs of your trousers tightly, steam them underground, bake them on them, and finally get confused when you don't sweat.
The most frightening thing is the epidemic. Congo (DRC), where China peacekeepers live, is a high incidence area of malaria. I saw a statistic on MONUC's LAN. In 2004, 260 UN peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of Congo died, 40% of whom died of malaria. Although I was vaccinated and took preventive medicine before going abroad, it was hard to prevent.
When we interviewed peacekeeping troops in Sudan, we lived in tents with officers and men, ate compressed dry food, drank limited supply of drinking water, and did 10 hours of physical labor at 50℃ every day. In addition to malaria, encephalitis, cholera and other diseases, there is also an egg in the water, which will cause permanent blindness after entering human skin, called "river blindness". At that time, the water purification equipment didn't arrive, and I didn't dare to take a shower. Almost everyone has a rash and rotten crotch.
Gao Weiqiang: Seeing monkeys was my childhood wish.
1996 On the eve of Spring Festival travel rush, Spring Festival travel rush reported in full swing. At that time, most of the news was advocating the new concept of giving gifts during the Spring Festival, sending floppy disks, books, tapes and so on, but I felt that I still lacked a little attention to culture, and I wanted to make a special report on the old customs, but I couldn't start. Until one day, when I saw my son making paper-cut of mice, I suddenly found a breakthrough point and got through the whole report, which led to the annual customized report of the zodiac that lasted for 12 years.
1996 New Year's Eve, the relaxed and interesting old-fashioned news "Year of the Rat" was broadcast on the news network, causing quite a stir. The next day, the news center received many calls and asked, "Is the news broadcast to be improved?" The director replied that "News Network" has been reforming.
All news broadcasts of News Network have titles and reporters' names, except my folk report "Dogs Say Dogs in the Year of the Dog" in 2006, which has neither titles nor reporters' names. I was still confused at that time, thinking that there was a loophole in technology. Later, I learned that this was a prudent decision by the leaders in Taiwan Province, on the grounds that "the picture is so beautiful, I really don't want to ruin it"!
What impressed me the most was the Year of the Monkey in 2004, because seeing monkeys was my whole childhood wish. I grew up in Ningxia. When I was a child, my grandfather gave me a ticket to Beijing Zoo in Qing Dynasty. The two animals on the ticket were monkeys, but there were no monkeys in Ningxia at that time. It was not until the 1980s that I went to Beijing on business that I saw enough monkeys in the zoo. I have mixed feelings when I saw the Year of the Monkey broadcast by News Network. That report also combined all my feelings and memories of monkeys.
Sha: I'm "Luo Jing, Xinjiang"
China is a big family with 56 nationalities, many of which have their own languages and scripts. In the remote areas of southern and northern Xinjiang, ethnic minorities have not fully mastered Chinese. Starting from 1980, we translated News Network into minority languages for broadcasting.
At the beginning of News Network, the translation and broadcasting cycle was relatively long. 1980 we put the important news of News Network into a half-hour program, which is broadcast once a week. To 1982, change to three issues a week; 1986 the first issue of the next day; By 1 September 19991,we had a "big speed increase" to advance the news broadcast that night to11; September 2006 15, speed up again, broadcast at 9: 30 pm.
The program was broadcast in advance, and our work was very tiring, but the audience no longer had to watch News Network in the middle of the night, and the ratings went up at once, and the audience called us more and more. Some viewers don't call me by my name, but just call me "Luo Jing of Xinjiang".
On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2006, a delegation from our compilation center visited CCTV, which was the first time that I, a "Luo Jing of Xinjiang", came to Beijing for more than 20 years. Although I visited the Great Hall of the People, Tiananmen Square and the National Museum. I am familiar with those who have appeared in the news broadcast countless times before, but I am proud to be there in person. Especially when I visited the studio of News Network, sitting in the chair where Luo Jing sat, I felt like I was back at home.
In fact, our program has also gone abroad. Because the languages are similar, the Kazakh channel of our Xinjiang TV station can be seen in Central Asia, India, Pakistan and other places, and landed in Kazakhstan. The audience there enjoyed our program very much. Kazakhs in Mongolia often watch our programs.
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