Enjoy the full text of Su Dongpo's Breakthrough?

The full text of Su Dongpo's breakthrough:

( 1)

Living in this halfway house far from downtown, there is silence, but loneliness comes, sometimes fierce, especially in the middle of the night. I had to walk around the room alone, pull down the curtains, separate the cliff standing outside the window from the rolling tide, and occasionally glance at the ivory telephone beside the bed. It rang unexpectedly and rushed over. It's from China Times in Taipei. An unknown female reporter said that my book "Cultural Journey" sold well in Taiwan Province Province, so she wanted to conduct an overseas telephone interview. Asked me a lot of questions, including my background, experience and hobbies.

The last question is: "Who is your favorite writer in the cultural history of China?" I replied: Su Dongpo. She asked again, "Which of his works do you like best?" I replied: the article about Huangzhou Chibi. The reporter did not pause and said, "You mean Nian Nujiao's" Red Cliff Nostalgia "and" Before and After Red Cliff Fu "?" I was right. I was happy for Su Dongpo at once. His works are the master password of China literati, which is only a little bit, even though it is in the mountains, blocked by the strait and unknown.

When I put down the phone, I immediately saw Huangzhou Chibi in my mind. I just went there last summer, and I am still impressed. I remember that before I went there, some friends from Wuhan came to dissuade me because the famous Battle of Red Cliffs was not staged there. Su Dongpo misses the past and is in the wrong place. Now let's pay our respects seriously. To put it mildly, we were wrong. Frankly speaking, we were wrong. It's so hot and the road is so far. Why bother?

I know most historians don't believe that Battle of Red Cliffs really happened there. Most people say it happened in Jiayu County. However, in recent years, several young and middle-aged historians in Hubei Province hold the opposite view, arguing that Su Dongpo was not wrong to miss the past, and that Chibi in Huangzhou was the main battlefield of the war at that time. I have always been interested in this debate. Regardless of the prospect of the debate, I still want to see Huangzhou, not from a historical perspective, but from an artistic perspective to see Su Dongpo's feelings. Even if a great artist is wrong, he will make mistakes in charm. As Oscar Wilde said, art has only beauty and ugliness, and there is no right or wrong.

So I went anyway.

This is Huangzhou Chibi. The steep stone slope of ochre is close to the powerful river flowing eastward. There is a dangerous road on the slope to climb and overlook, and there is a boat on the river to paddle and look up. The place is not big, but leaning down and leaning up will have momentum. In the contrast between the big and the small, the visual space has changed and inverted, so it has the value of sightseeing and meditation. The objective scenery only provides an aesthetic possibility, and different tourists make this possibility come true to varying degrees.

Su Dongpo used his spiritual strength to inject meaning into the natural scenery of Huangzhou, and it is this meaning that makes the lifeless natural form beautiful. Therefore, Su Dongpo is not only the discoverer of natural beauty in Huangzhou, but also the determinator and builder of natural beauty in Huangzhou.

However, the complexity of the matter is that natural beauty can also determine and construct people in turn. Su Dongpo fulfilled Huangzhou and Huangzhou also fulfilled Su Dongpo. This is really an interesting relationship that complements each other. Su Dongpo's masterpiece in Huangzhou not only declares that Huangzhou has entered a new aesthetic level, but also declares that Su Dongpo has entered a new life stage. The two aspects can be promoted together, and no one can do without anyone.

Su Dongpo has traveled to many places, many of which are far more beautiful than Huangzhou. Why can a remote Huangzhou give him such a big surprise and shock? Why can he integrate such profound historical significance and life significance into Huangzhou? Why can Huangzhou become the most important life station in his life? It all depends on the reason and mentality of his coming to Huangzhou.

He came from prison, he came with a very small official position, in fact, he came as an exiled criminal, he came with the dirty water thrown at him by officialdom and literature, and he came with luck and despair. He was detained, far away from his family, and he was not qualified to choose any place outside Huangzhou and walked towards this desolate town at that time.

He was tired and embarrassed. He went out of the capital of song dynasty, crossed Henan, crossed Huaihe River, entered Hubei and reached Huangzhou. Depressed Huangzhou didn't prepare any accommodation for him, so he had to stay in a temple. He wiped his face and held his breath. There was silence all around, not even a friend. He closed his eyes and shook his head. He doesn't know that at this moment, he has completed a cultural breakthrough that will go down in history forever. Huangzhou is destined to have a gorgeous dialogue with this scarred breakout war.

(2)

People may sometimes think foolishly that Su Like Dongpo, a great writer who has enjoyed the people of China for a thousand years, should be the highest pride of his time. People around him will cherish him carefully and look up to him devoutly. They are always unwilling to pick on him, right? On the contrary, the more cultural celebrities who are beyond their times, the more incompatible they are with their specific times.

The mechanism of secular society in China is very strange. On the one hand, it is willing to spread and spread the reputation of a cultural celebrity, use him, extract him and seduce him. On the other hand, it regards him as an alien in essence, and sooner or later it will reject him, destroy him and destroy him. The spread of boos turned into derogatory boos. Both kinds of boos stem from inferiority and cunning greed, and both kinds of boos are diametrically opposed to a healthy cultural atmosphere.

Before Su Dongpo came to Huangzhou, he was caught red-handed in a case called "Wutai Poetry Prison" by literary historians. The specific content of this case is quite special, but it reflects the common experience of cultural celebrities in China society and is worth talking about. Only by finding out the faces of all kinds of people in this situation can we understand what kind of encirclement Su Dongpo broke through when he came to Huangzhou.

In order not to make readers pay attention to the specific content of the case, we might as well explain the details of the case first. Even from the standpoint of the imperial court, this is a completely unfounded absurd event. A group of cultural bureaucrats, large and small, insisted that Su Dongpo expressed his dissatisfaction and disrespect for the government in many poems. The method is to infer and explain the words and images in his poems. Even Emperor Zongshen didn't believe it for a long time and almost reluctantly sentenced Su Dongpo.

Among the ancient emperors in China, Song Shenzong was absolutely not bad. In his mind, he has no attempt to persecute Su Dongpo. He knew Su Dongpo's talent, and his grandmother even tried to protect Su Dongpo by offering the Queen Mother. He respected her opinion very much. In this case, isn't Su Dongpo very safe? However, regardless of the wishes of Emperor Zongshen and Empress Dowager, Su Dongpo, a Kyushu celebrity living in the official residence, went to prison. This powerful and evil force is worth studying.

It's a long story. Rulers under the autocratic system often put on a gesture of attaching importance to public opinion, and sometimes even set up so-called remonstrating officials to find fault among officials at all levels and act as the eyes, ears and mouthpiece of the court. At first glance, this is a good thing, but in fact there are many disadvantages. What these lecturers with public opinion images say cannot be distinguished by others, and there is no investigation mechanism or arbitration mechanism. Everything depends on their personal qualities, but there is no investigation mechanism for personal qualities, so the so-called public opinion cloud often becomes a social disaster that distorts facts and reverses right and wrong.

Just like modern newspapers, if they lack enough professional ethics and are not bound by corresponding laws and regulations, they will be praised and criticized at will, and the injured will have nowhere to talk, while the uninformed will mistakenly think that black and white is the public opinion, which will bring people much confusion! Su Dongpo saw the seriousness of this problem a long time ago, and thought that this kind of so-called public opinion and criticism without any restrictions was enough to change the mentality of court decision makers and had great political lethality, so he had to be vigilant, but Emperor Zongshen could not realize this because of his different status.

Unexpectedly, it was Su Dongpo who tasted the bitter fruit he had predicted. In order to maintain his image of respecting public opinion, when Zong Shen's criticism of Su Dongpo was almost the same, he could not speak for Su Dongpo.

So, why do comments criticizing Su Dongpo come together in unison? I think the shortest answer is what his brother Su Zhe said: "What is Dongpo's crime? The name alone is too high. " He is so excellent and loud that he can compare the ink around him to be shabby, he can compare his contemporaries to be a little embarrassed, causing some people to be sour and jealous, and then almost inevitably you will hit me and ruin me. In this shameful siege, some literati with poor character acted as depth charges.

Such as Shu Shu. This person can be called a "specialist". While exposing Su Dongpo, he also exposed another person, that is, the great benefactor who recommended him to be an official before. The benefactor wrote him a letter, asking him to give advice and guidance on his son-in-law's studies. This is a very normal trivial communication between friends. I didn't expect him to ungrateful to write a puzzling tip-off letter to the emperor, saying that we are all officials and I am in the public opinion field. It is always inappropriate for him to let me help his son-in-law.

When the emperor saw his report, he also demoted the man. This is simply the story of Mr. Dong Guo and the wolf. It is such a disgusting person who echoes what people's point of view. They wrote an article telling the emperor that Su Dongpo wrote a thank-you letter to the emperor after taking office in Huzhou, "sneering at current events." Su Dongpo's thank-you letter was read by the emperor for a long time and no problems were found. Shu Shu carefully analyzed this matter to the emperor. Su Dongpo turned against you, but it was fierce. He has turned against you to the extent that "customs die and loyal people are angry"! "Anger" is anger to Su Dongpo, and "regret" is regret to the emperor. How many loyal people are "outraged"? ?

He said it was "nothing", that is, 100%, and nothing was missed. This kind of quantitative statistics can't be verified at all, but it will embarrass Emperor Zongshen who pays attention to social reputation.

Another example is Li Ding. This is a senior official who was reviled by people for refusing to obey filial piety after his mother's funeral, and the attack on Su Dongpo was the fiercest. He summed up many of Su Dongpo's crimes, but after careful identification, I found that he was particularly concerned about Su Dongpo's poor background in his early years, his position in the cultural circle and his social reputation today. None of these can be classified as crimes, but he seems to be unable to express his greatest indignation on these points. It is said that Su Dongpo "started from the vulgarity of the grass", "became famous at the beginning without learning", "although his words were unreasonable, they were enough to encourage the vulgarity", and so on.

Su Dongpo's background led him to refuse to talk about it, and insisted that Su Dongpo had no education and his writing level was very poor, which really surprised me. But if he doesn't say so, he can't assert that Su Dongpo's social reputation and secular drum power are "indiscriminate". In a word, Li Ding's attack obviously hides the deepest secret factor under various superficial motives: jealousy. In any case, it is foolish to denigrate Su Dongpo's knowledge and literary talent, which did not add to Su Dongpo's sin at that time, but later became the laughing stock for thousands of years. But jealousy will get out of control, and he will only attack the part he hates the most, regardless of the credibility and rationality of even pretending.

Another example is Wang Jue. This is a domineering and hypocritical old man. With his qualifications and status, he thinks this article is the best in the world. In fact, he can't write poetry without the words "golden jade and splendid scenery". Everyone snickered, and he felt good about himself. Now, Su Dongpo, a rising star in Ran Ran, is famous in the literary world. Of course, he will try his best to deal with it. Once he said to the emperor, "Su Dongpo really has second thoughts about the emperor."

The emperor asked, "How can I see it?" He quoted the word "dragon killing" in a poem about cypress written by Su Dongpo as proof. The emperor was puzzled and said, "What does it matter if a poet writes about stabbing cypress trees?" He said, "If you write about dragons, aren't you writing about emperors?" The emperor was sober-minded and retorted, "Not necessarily, people call Zhuge Liang Wolong!" This Wang Jue is so vulgar, how good can the article be? Not to mention competing with Su Dongpo. A few strands of white hair can sometimes pretend to be a teacher and cover up evil, but they can't deceive history. In the end, history did not rank his name before Su Dongpo because of his age.

Another example is Li Yizhi. This is another special case. In Lingbi County, Anhui Province, I heard that Su Dongpo used to write a garden record for a local garden, which contained words to persuade people not to be keen on being an official. He even wrote to the emperor to expose it, and analyzed that this thought would make people lack initiative and affect the selection of officials. It seems that this Li Yizhi is not only up to no good, but also has great problems in intelligence. You see, he even found a framed cut.

However, in the absence of a rational court, no matter how stupid the accusation is, it is an encouragement to Li Yizhi people scattered all over the country. Why did people with such a low level squeeze in and besiege Su Dongpo? Mr. Li, a contemporary researcher of Su Dongpo, put it well: "He is also involved. Without him, if an unknown small official can take part in a major activity to bring down celebrities, it will make him gain weight. " In a sense, his purpose has indeed been partially achieved. For example, when I wrote this article today, I even wrote Li Yizhi's name, because he participated in the siege of Su Dongpo, otherwise he had no reason to be written in print by his contemporaries.

Some of my young friends think that people like Li Yizhi don't necessarily want to stay in history, but out of a kind of prank psychology that can be called "breaking the window". At night, a group of children stood in front of a building and pointed to see whose window was on, so they picked a stone and threw it there. There is no purpose, just want to cause a sensation among several children. I think my young friends think Li Yizhi is too modern and urbanized.

Li Yizhi's behavior is mainly due to a kind of political speculation. When he heard that Su Dongpo was in trouble, he made things worse. In any case, he will not bear moral responsibility at home and legal responsibility abroad. He is happy to throw a stone into the well and have a smooth sailing. Such people don't have the guts to attack cultural celebrities like Li Ding, Chu Suiliang and Wang Jue first. Maybe two days ago, they were bragging about where they had the honor to meet Su Dongpo, and insisted that Su Dongpo was their friend and even teacher.

Another example-I really don't want to write this name, but on second thought, there is no reason to avoid it. I'd better write: Shen Kuo. This famous scientist, who occupies a prominent position in the history of ancient science and technology in China, once framed Su Dongpo because of jealousy, and still uses the technique of exposing the tendency of satirizing the government in Su Dongpo's poems. If he and Su Dongpo are political enemies, that's fine. The problem is that they used to be good friends, and the poems he exposed were written by Su Dongpo as a souvenir when he broke up with him.

This really doesn't smell like that. Historians have analyzed that this is probably related to the emperor's good words about Su Dongpo in front of Shen Kuo. Shen Kuo had a silent contrast in his heart, and he didn't want Su Dongpo's cultural status to be higher than his own. Another possibility is that he knew that Wang Anshi and Su Dongpo had different political views, and he voted for Wang Anshi.

But after all, Wang Anshi is also a cultural master who pays attention to personality. He has paid attention to Shen Kuo, but he finally comes to the conclusion that he is an inaccessible villain. Of course, the inaccessible personality does not affect our affirmation of Shen Kuo's scientific achievements.

Extended data:

Su Shi, whose word is profound and whose word is harmonious, is known as an iron official Taoist and a Dongpo layman in the world, and Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou, was born in Luancheng, Hebei Province, and was a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of reading, and a minister of rites, and enjoyed a good reputation in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In his later years, he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou because the New Party was in power. Song Huizong was pardoned and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname, posthumous title "Wen Zhong".

Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. His writing is arbitrary; His poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and healthy, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique in style, and are called "Su Huang" together with Huang Tingjian. His words are bold and unconstrained, and he is the representative of bold and unconstrained with Xin Qiji, who is called "Su Xin; His prose creation is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi is also good at reading and is one of the "Song Sijia"; He is good at painting, especially at ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Yi Zhuan of Dongpo and Yuefu of Dongpo.

References:

Su Dongpo breaks through-Baidu Encyclopedia