Introduce several methods to prevent and kill rats!

extermination of rats 1. the harm of rats 1. spreading diseases: rats are closely related to human life, with a large number, wide distribution and frequent migration. they are the media for the occurrence and prevalence of many diseases and can spread more than 3 diseases such as plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever and leptospirosis. Plague is a virulent infectious disease that originated in rats and can cause human epidemic. It is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate in history. There is an ancient poem as evidence: "Dead rats in the east, dead rats in the west, people see dead rats like tigers." "A few days after the mouse died, people died like a jam. It is estimated that in history, the number of people who died from mouse-borne diseases far exceeded those who died directly from war. Human plague has a history of 15 years, which was recorded in Egypt and Syria in the first century A.D., and there were three pandemics in history: the first pandemic in the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th century, which lasted for 5 years and killed 1 million people; The second pandemic in Europe in the 14th century killed 25 million people, accounting for 1/4 of the European population at that time. At the end of 18th century and the beginning of 19th century, there was a third pandemic, with 4 million deaths. Plague foci are distributed all over the world, and there are more than 2 kinds of mice all over the world that are bacteria-preserving animals of Yersinia pestis. Human plague still occurs from time to time in some parts of the world. For example, in India, which stopped for 26 years, human pneumonic plague broke out again in 1994. The SARS epidemic may be related to mice. Last year, SARS broke out in some provinces and cities in China, and relevant institutions carried out extensive research on its etiology. Experts believe that SARS may be related to mice. 2. Loss of food: Rats are gluttonous animals, and each mouse eats 1/5 of its weight every day. One tenth of the food. Rats are called rats in the north, which is really worthy of the name. It is estimated that about 5% of the grain produced every year is taken away by rats, and 5 million tons of grain are lost every year in the world, losing hundreds of millions of dollars. In addition, rats can steal forest seeds and eat seedlings and bark, which brings serious harm to the forest. Rats can destroy grasslands, compete with livestock for pasture and affect animal husbandry. 3. Rats are also very harmful to industry and construction. Accidents caused by short circuit caused by rats biting through wires are common and serious. Second, there are many ways to kill rats, which can be generally divided into physical rodent control, chemical rodent control, biological rodent control and ecological rodent control. 1. Environmental deratization: Rats need water, food and hidden habitat to survive and reproduce. Therefore, creating an environment that is not suitable for its survival can greatly reduce the number of rats in a place and make it easy to consolidate the results of rodent control. Therefore, we must first do a good job in environmental sanitation, remove weeds around the house, and randomly pile up items, often clean indoor and outdoor sanitation, tidy up all kinds of utensils and sundries, and regularly check suitcases, wardrobes, books, shoes and hats to prevent rats from nesting. Cut off the rat's food: The rat's food includes not only human food, but also feed, garbage, leftovers from food industry, feces, etc. These things should be stored in a covered and seamless container, so that the rat can not get food and passively eat the poison bait, so as to achieve the purpose of killing the rat. 2. Physical deratization method: also known as instrument deratization method, it has been used for a long time and has many application methods. It not only includes all kinds of special mousetraps, such as mousetraps and cages, but also includes pressing, clamping, closing, clamping, turning, irrigation, digging, sticking and shooting. Physical rodent control also pays attention to certain science and technology. For example, the rat cage (clip) should be placed at the rat hole, with a certain distance from the rat hole, and sometimes some camouflage can improve the killing rate; The bait on the rat cage should be fresh and should be the food that rats like to eat. Generally, it is difficult for rats to get into cages on the first night because of "new reaction", and the rate of getting into cages will increase after two or three days. 3. Chemical deratization: also known as drug deratization, it is the most widely used and effective deratization method. Drug deratization can be divided into intestinal poison deratization and fumigation deratization. As an intestinal rodenticide, organic compounds are the main ones, followed by inorganic compounds, wild plants and their extracts. Gastrointestinal rodenticide requires good palatability to rats, will not refuse to eat, and has appropriate toxicity. It is mainly used to make various poison baits with good effect, simple usage and large dosage. Followed by poisonous water, poisonous powder, poisonous glue, poisonous foam and so on. Fumigation and deratization, such as aluminum phosphide and chloropicrin, can be used for fumigation and deratization in warehouses and ships. 4. Biological deratization method: It includes two aspects: first, using natural enemies to kill rats. There are many natural enemies of rats, mainly carnivorous animals such as Yellow weasel, wild cats, domestic cats, foxes, etc., birds of prey such as eagles, owls, etc., and snakes. Therefore, protecting these natural enemies of rodents is beneficial to reduce rodent damage. 5. Ecological rodent control: that is, by improving the environment, including rodent-proof buildings, cutting off rodent food, transforming farmland, improving indoor and outdoor environmental sanitation, and removing hidden places for rodents, that is, controlling, transforming and destroying the living environment and conditions conducive to the survival of rodents, so that rodents can not survive and reproduce in those places. Ecological rodent control is an important part of comprehensive rodent control. Third, rodenticide 1. According to the speed of rodenticide entering the mouse, it is divided into acute and chronic categories. Acute rodenticide, also known as acute single-dose rodenticide, can kill rats by eating enough toxic bait at one time. These drugs have the advantages of quick action and low food consumption, but they are not safe for people and animals, and are easy to cause secondary poisoning. At the same time, they react violently before the death of rats in the process of deratization, which is easy to alert other rats, so their efficacy is not as good as that of chronic rodenticide. This kind of drugs include zinc phosphide, fluoroacetamide, tetramine, bromogeramine, dibromide and so on. Amine fluoroacetate, tetramine and glyphos are highly toxic and have no specific antidote, which can easily lead to human and livestock poisoning, and the country has explicitly banned them. Chronic rodenticide, also known as slow-acting rodenticide, can be divided into the first generation and the second generation anticoagulant rodenticide. The first generation of anticoagulant rodenticides, such as diphacinone sodium salt, rodenticide, rodenticide, and chlorpyrifos, must be administered for several days in order to achieve the ideal rodenticide effect. The acute toxicity of the second generation anticoagulant rodenticide is relatively strong. Rats can die after eating it twice or three times, and rats resistant to the first generation rodenticide can also be killed. These drugs include bromadiolone, Dalong, Butazhang, Thiadiolone and so on. 2. Why is chronic rodenticide better than acute rodenticide? The advantages of chronic rodenticide are: the dosage is small, rats will not refuse to eat until they die, so the rodenticide effect is good, and the chances of livestock poisoning are few. If poisoned, you can also use a specific antidote (vitamin K1) to rescue them. Chronic rodenticide conforms to the habit of mice to eat. Rats eat intermittently and stop eating. However, most kinds of chronic rodenticide are not very toxic once, and there is no uncomfortable feeling after eating it. It can be eaten for several days continuously, and the toxicity will be strong when it is accumulated, and the mouse will die. The effect of chronic rodenticide is slow. Most rats die after taking medicine for more than three days, and there are no severe symptoms before they die, so they are still taking poison bait when they die. Therefore, when a large number of rats die, almost all rats have eaten enough lethal dose of rodenticide, even if some rats stop eating or moving, they will inevitably die. There is no problem that a large number of dead rats scare away the survivors. Chronic rodent control can kill many kinds of rodents, and it is safe to use in a large area, with good rodent control effect and a large number of dead rats. It is the main weapon for rodent control at present. Chronic rodenticides mainly refer to anticoagulant rodenticides, such as bromadiolone and Dalong. 3. Precautions for purchasing and putting rodenticide (1) Buy rodenticide from a department qualified to operate rodenticide. (2) To understand the ingredients of rodenticide used and the safe detoxification methods. (3) Put rodenticide out of the reach of children. (4) In case of accidental eating, send it to the hospital immediately. 4. Safe use of rodenticides According to data, pesticides and rodenticides are the top two types of poisons that lead to poisoning in China, with pesticides accounting for 29.22% and rodenticides accounting for 28.62%. The dosage of pesticides in China is much more than that of rodenticide every year, so in proportion, acute and highly toxic rodenticide is the primary factor of poisoning death of ordinary people in China. Before 195, acute rodenticide was the main method to kill rats, and tetramine was commonly used. These drugs were highly toxic and had no antidote, so they had long been banned. At present, chronic rat drugs, mainly anticoagulants, are usually used. After taking the drugs, rats have mild symptoms, which are not easy to arouse the vigilance of the same kind, and the concentration is low, which is safer for people and livestock. Antidotes are commonly used in clinic and are easy to be rescued after poisoning. Fourth, rat prevention methods Doing a good job of rat prevention is the key to eliminating rat damage, especially in rural areas. Trench net: add barbed wire at the outlet and inlet of the sewer, and the mesh diameter should not be greater than 1 cm to prevent rats in the sewer from getting up and down the pipeline. The open ditch in the operation room of catering industry should be covered with nets or other items, which should not be exposed. Rat-proof door: You can nail a 3-5 cm high iron plate at the lower half of the door in an important place to prevent rats from gnawing at the door panel, or add an iron gate with a height of 6 cm to keep rats out. It is best to prevent rats in the whole house. Narrowing the gap: repair the gap between the door and the ground, the door and the door, the window and the windowsill, so that the gap is not more than .6 cm to prevent the house mouse from entering. Hardened ground: repair the damaged and unhardened ground in time, or harden the road surface to prevent rats from stealing holes to make nests. 5. How to deal with dead rats? Dead rats can be sprayed with .5% peracetic acid or 1mg/L solution containing available chlorine, and the dosage should ensure that the surface of rat carcasses is completely wet, then sealed with plastic bags and sent to the sanitation department for harmless treatment. After handling the dead rats, disinfect the places that may be contaminated by rats with disinfectant and wash your hands for disinfection.