An Introduction to Duality and Repetition Rhetoric

Introduction: Duality and antithesis are so different, mainly because they are used in different styles. Because different styles have different requirements for their own expression, they have different requirements for the form of expression. Let's take a look at the dual and repeated rhetorical devices that I have sorted out for you.

introduction of dual rhetoric

introduction

duality: a rhetorical way of expressing opposite, similar or related meanings with two phrases or sentences with the same structure, equal number of words and symmetrical meaning is called duality.

Duality, commonly known as antithesis, is called antithesis in poems, songs and other rhymes.

Duality has unique artistic features, looks neat and striking, sounds sonorous and pleasing to the ear, is catchy to read, is easy to remember and recite, and is loved by people.

Duality usually refers to a rhetorical device consisting of two phrases or sentences that are opposite to each other, have the same number of words, are similar in syntax, are flat and even, and are related in meaning. Duality is closely related, concise and concentrated, and has strong generalization power; From the formal point of view, the front and back parts are neat and uniform, with harmonious syllables and a sense of discipline. Strict duality also pays attention to flat and even tones, and makes full use of Chinese tones.

Classification

Formally

1. Single-sentence duality

One sentence against another is called a single-sentence pair. For example:

How high is the sky and how high is the mountain.

I don't appreciate the kindness, but I don't belittle the Biography of Zhuge Liang.

-Even the smallest kind deeds and contributions are praised, and even the smallest mistakes are punished.

Castle Peak is fortunate to bury its loyal bones, while White Iron casts its innocent courtiers. (Yuefen couplets) ......

-Castle Peak feels honored that the loyal bone of Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star, is buried in the grave, and Baitie feels ashamed that the statue of Qin Gui and others cast with it is kneeling in front of the grave.

2. Even sentence antithesis is called even sentence antithesis. For example,

Six kings finish, and the four seas are one. Shushan is upright, and Afang is out. Epang Palace Fu

-Six countries end and the four seas are unified. The trees in Shushan were cut down, and Epang Palace was built. ("Six Kings Bi" and "Four Seas One" are both subject-predicate phrases, "Shu Shan Wu" and "A Fang Chu" are also subject-predicate phrases, and "Six Kings Bi, Four Seas One" is opposite to "Shu Shan Wu, A Fang Chu". )

3. Multi-sentence antithesis uses three sentences to three sentences, or uses more sentences to be opposite, which is called multi-sentence antithesis. For example:

If you climb high, your arms will not be lengthened, but you will see far away; Call with the wind, the sound is not added to the disease, but the listener is obvious.

Persuade to Learn-Climb high and wave to people. The arm is not lengthened, but people from far away can see it. Shout along the wind, the voice did not increase, but the people who heard it felt very clear.

4. The upper and lower words in the same sentence are dual to each other.

For example, "the peak turns around", "the dying moon in the breeze" and "the black ribbon scarf for feather fans".

Content

1. Positive duality

The meaning of the upper and lower links is similar or similar, and they are complementary to each other. For example:

and yet, while China holds our friendship, and heaven remains our neighbourhood. Farewell to vice-prefect du setting out for his official post in shu

-As long as friends know each other, even if they are separated from each other, they are like close neighbors. (Upper and lower links mean close and related. "Within the sea" refers to the whole of China in ancient times. "Neighbor", a close neighbor. )

or the long smoke is gone, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, and the static shadow is heavy.

The Story of Yueyang Tower-Sometimes the smoke in the sky suddenly dissipates, and the bright moonlight, a thousand miles away, floats with golden brilliance, and the inverted image of the bright moon is like a jade, quietly immersed in the bottom of the water. ("Bright moon and a thousand miles away" is to "long smoke is empty", "still shadows are heavy" is to "floating light and leaping gold". The meanings of the upper and lower conjunctions are related and complementary)

2. Opposing the expressions of the upper and lower conjunctions is opposite or relative, and refers to two aspects of the same thing. For example:

persevere, the rotten wood will not break; Perseverance, the stone can be carved.

-Carve things with a knife, then put them down for a while, even decaying wood keeps carving; Keep carving with a knife, even hard stone can be carved through. ("Perseverance" and "perseverance" are opposites. )

the vassal's land is limited, and the desire to violently attack Qin is insatiable. The more complicated it is, the more urgent it is to invade.

On the Six Kingdoms

The land of the governors of various countries is limited, and the desire of greedy and violent Qin State cannot be satisfied. The more you give it, the more it invades you. ("The vassal's land is limited" and "the insatiable desire to violently attack the Qin Dynasty" are objections, while "the abundance of services" and "the urgency of invasion" are objections. )

3. Serial duality (running water pair) means "serial pairing", just like running water downstream, so it is also called running water pair. Its opening sentence and antithesis are said from the development process of things, so the meaning is closely coherent. For example:

back from this mountain, past another mountain, up from the south, north again-to my own town!. "both sides of the yellow river recaptured by the imperial army"

-Immediately pass through Wuxia from Baxia, and you can release Xiangyang, and then head for Luoyang. (Pass through Baxia Wuxia, then Xiangyang, then go straight to Luoyang, and write the joy of being eager to get out of Shu in one go. )

but you widen your view three hundred miles, by going up one flight of stairs. At heron lodge

-If you want to look far away with all your eyesight, you have to go up a storey still higher. If you want to exhaust your eyesight, you must continue to climb. )

structurally

1. Component duality.

For example, my disadvantage, however, is that I lose face when talking about current affairs, and the disadvantages are often classified, while the latter is especially out of date.

Among them, "losing face on current affairs" and "frequently used types of disadvantages" are both components in sentences, so they are called component duality.

2. Sentence duality.

For example: sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn water * * * the sky is the same color.

Among them, "Sunset and Lonely Qi Fei" and "Autumn Water * * * The sky is one color" are both independent sentences, so they are called sentence duality.

antithetical sentences

1. I often think: The willows are graceful, which can be described as extremely charming, and the peaches and plums are gorgeous, which can be described as extremely bright ...

2. I saved the day and got the true Buddhist scriptures; Anger rushed to the crown, and Lu Da pulled out the weeping willows.

3. where petals have been shed like tears, and lonely birds have sung their grief.

4. It is good to study well, plow well, and learn well. It is difficult to start a business, to stay in business, and to know the difficulties.

5. After five passes, six generals will be killed.

6. The moon is in the green window, but the ancients in history are empty.

7. Zhuge Liang argued with Confucianism, while Lu Zi respected others.

8. When people go to the hall, it is difficult to see the clouds in the sky, and the piano is absolutely beautiful.

9. Night drinkers swallow cups and moons, while spring travelers get drunk.

1. Spring boats are like the sky, and autumn people are like Traveling in a pictorial world.

11. A single filament does not make a line, and a single tree does not make a forest.

12. The pear flower courtyard is dissolved in the moon, and the catkin pond is faintly windy.

13. A three-foot platform welcomes winter and summer, and an inch of chalk draws spring and autumn.

14. The bamboo trail is depressed, and it is a dream of three nights in my life. The clouds are ethereal and the autumn wind in Wan Li is a wild goose mourning.

15. but since water still flows, though we cut it with our swords, and sorrows return, though we drown them with wine.

16. Look down at a thousand fingers and bow your head as a willing ox.

17. and the silk-worms of spring will weave until they die, and every night the candles will weep their wicks away.

18, dongfeng evil, love is thin.

19, a big belly can accommodate things that are difficult to accommodate in the world; Laugh often when you open your mouth, and laugh at ridiculous people in the world.

2, a piece of painstaking cultivation of peaches and plums, ten years of fleeting pregnancy.

21. Hongmen Banquet Taoyuan League.

22. It is good to study well, plow well, and learn well. It is difficult to start a business, to stay in business, and to know the difficulties.

23. The moonlight shines on the cold maple and the mountains are full of tears, and the frost seals the grass and the white horse is even more hurt.

24. Revolutionaries are totally loyal, although they die; Careerists bring disaster to the country and people, and life is worse than death.

25. In the past, I went to rely on the willows. The road was muddy and hard to walk, and the thirsty and hungry.

26. Things are like chess, so that a move won't lose me; The heart is like the sea, and a hundred rivers can accommodate people.

27. Be honest and trustworthy, respect the old and love the young.

28. wildfire never quite consumes them, they are tall once more in the spring wind.

29, full of losses, modest benefits.

3. The loyal soul will not die, and the blood will melt into the spring rain, and the righteousness will make the gods cry.

31. One star, two stars, countless bright Mars, one hammer shadow, two hammer shadows, and countless fast-moving iron shadows.

32, a bullet of water and a bullet of the moon, half into the river and half into the clouds.

33. The four strings of maple leaves touch the horizon in autumn, and the water in Xunyang and thousands of feet lingers on the river.

34. The floating clouds are rich, and the dung is the prince.

35. Tears rush with the running water, and sorrow flies away from the wild.

36. A virtuous minister is a far villain.

37. but you widen your view three hundred miles, by going up one flight of stairs.

38. If you drink sweet dew, reading elegant poems is like a spring breeze.

39. In the rain, bamboo leaves contain beads and tears, and in the snow, plum blossoms carry vegetarian crowns.

4. The rhombic mirror is lonely and miserable. Listening to the autumn wind blowing leaves, the brocade machine is silent and I am worried about watching jathyapple shine in the air.

41. There is no way for mountains and rivers to be suspicious, and there is another village.

42, the plum blossom is sent by post.

43. The moss marks are green in the upper stage, and the grass color is green in the curtain.

44. I can't bear to look at the terrible sight. Gossip, especially to my ears.

45. Only drink Yangtze River water and eat Wuchang fish.

46. We stand in orange island and stroll along the banks of Xiangjiang River. Go back to Qingshuitang and climb Yuelu Mountain; Wandering the Bancang Trail, attached to Shaoshan Hometown.

47, nine years of hard work to win good results, and once you take off, you will write a chapter.

48. The broken hat covers the face of the busy city, and the wine leaked from the ship overflowed.

Extension:

Duality and antithesis

Duality and antithesis are two very similar language forms. The so-called similarity means that they have more similarities and less differences, so it is more difficult to distinguish them. Even some reference books explain these two concepts vaguely. For example, in Ci Hai, the antithesis notes that it refers to the duality of poetry and words. Shaanxi Education Publishing House's Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Self-study explains duality as a rhetorical method, which is called antithesis in poetry. In this way, the antithesis is noted and explained by antithesis, which leads to the confusion of concepts. As a result, people mistakenly think that duality and antithesis are the same thing, and they are two titles of the same concept.

so, what exactly is duality? What is antithesis? What's the difference between them?

Duality is a figure of speech. The two sentences used in pairs have the same number of words, similar structure and part of speech, and related meanings. This symmetrical way of language forms a neat and harmonious expression form and a mutual set-off in content, which has a unique artistic effect.

antithesis refers to a special form and means used in poetry creation and couplet writing. It requires that poetry conjunctions be based on duality, that words in the same structural position of the upper and lower sentences must be of the same part of speech, even and flat, and that the same words should be avoided from being used repeatedly in the same structural position of the upper and lower sentences. The antithesis of metrical poems makes the language sound and rhyme harmonious, enhances the sense of rhythm and the beauty of music, and achieves a high degree of perfection in expression. Therefore, the antithesis requirements of metrical poems are very strict, and the poetic couplets that meet the above principles are antithetical; Otherwise, it is not confrontation or unstable confrontation, which is not allowed in poetry creation.

by understanding the characteristics of duality and antithesis, we can generally distinguish between duality and antithesis. For example,

worry about the world first, and enjoy it later. (Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower)

These two sentences meet the requirements of duality in all aspects, but they do not meet the requirements of antithesis because they are flat and uneven, the melody is not harmonious, and the words "Tian Xia, Zhi He, and so on" are repeatedly used in the same structural position. Look at the following example again:

On the side of the sinking boat, Qian Fan passes, and in front of the sick tree, Wan Muchun. (Liu Yuxi's Reward Bai Letian)

This group of couplets is the neck couplet in the original poem, which completely conforms to the antithesis principle in any aspect, and is extremely stable, and is the most typical antithesis couplet.

Duality and antithesis are so different, mainly because they are used in different styles. Because different styles have different requirements for their own expression, they have different requirements for the form of expression. As the antithesis of rhetorical methods, it is often widely used in various styles, especially in ancient prose and ancient poetry. It enhances the language, and the two even sentences complement and set off each other, which makes the language beautiful in form and expressive. Contradiction is a unique and special creative technique in metrical poetry. The metrical poems, which rose in Sui and Tang Dynasties, strictly require that the couplets and necklaces in the metrical poems must be opposed. At the same time, this method is also adopted by songwriting. Later, it was used to write couplets. Because the creation of rhymes and songs itself has high artistic requirements for the use of language, it pays attention to refining words and sentences, and antithesis can greatly improve the expression skills and aesthetic taste of poetry to a considerable extent, with high artistry and expressiveness. These special functions of antithesis are obviously beyond the reach of dual force. It can be said that antithesis is one of the important criteria for the creation and appreciation of metrical poetry, and naturally it has become a special term that belongs to poetry. Because of this, although antithesis in metrical poems also meets the standard requirements of duality, in view of the characteristics of antithesis itself and in order to be different from duality in general style, we usually call it antithesis instead of antithesis.

introduction of rhetorical devices of repetition

the function of repetition

emphasizing and enhancing the tone or language potential.

It plays the role of repeatedly chanting and expressing strong feelings. At the same time, repeated rhetorical devices can also make the format of poetry neat and orderly, and it is full of ups and downs and beautiful language.

types of repetition

1. repetition of words.

To highlight a certain emotion or behavior, use the same word twice in a row to achieve the purpose of emphasis.

for example: silence, silence! If you don't break out in silence, you will perish in silence. (Lu Xun's "Remembering Liu Hezhen") Mr. Lu Xun used the word "silence" many times here to express his anger at the Duan Qirui government and his expectation for the people's awakening.

2. Repeated phrases or sentences.

Sometimes, in order to express the content or structural arrangement, the same phrase or sentence should be used more than twice in a row.

for example, "Dashan is like this! The moon is like this! The walnut tree is like this! Xiang Xue walked, just like recognizing the valley that raised her for the first time. " (Tie Ning's "Oh, Xiang Xue") The repeated use of "so it is" three times in a row shows Xiang Xue's happy mood at this time.

Another example is Chekhov's "Installation"