What are the working principles for the revision of ideological and moral curriculum standards (2011 edition)?

This curriculum standard is an important channel for implementing the party’s education policy and a series of measures to strengthen the ideological and moral construction of minors. It plays an important leading and normative role in the construction and implementation of ideological and moral courses in junior high schools. It is also An important basis for school moral education, it plays an irreplaceable role in the ideological and moral development and healthy growth of junior high school students. This curriculum standard is the basis for textbook compilation, teaching, and evaluation, and is the basis for the national management and evaluation of ideological and moral courses.

1. Nature of the course

This course is a comprehensive required course based on the life of junior high school students and aimed at promoting the healthy development of junior high school students' ideological and moral character. It mainly has the following characteristics:

Ideology is guided by Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents" and the Scientific Outlook on Development. According to the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, it is divided into stages and levels. Junior high school students are educated on loving the motherland, loving the people, loving labor, loving science, and loving socialism to help young people establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life, and values.

Humanity respects the rules of students' learning and development, embodies the characteristics of youth culture, organizes curriculum content and implements teaching in a way that junior high school students like to hear and see; cultivate students' minds with excellent human culture and national spirit, and use the core of socialism The value system guides students' development and enhances students' humanistic qualities and social responsibility.

Practicality starts from the actual life of junior high school students, and uses the gradually expanded life of junior high school students as the basis for curriculum construction and implementation; it focuses on the connection with social practice, guides students to independently participate in rich and diverse activities, and understands , experience and practice to promote the formation and development of correct ideas and good moral qualities.

Comprehensive, with the main line of understanding oneself, myself and others and the collective, myself and the country and society, organically integrate learning content in multiple aspects such as morality, mental health, law and national conditions; and Social life, school life and family life are closely linked, and it is the sorting out, processing and refining of students' experiences, understanding and problems encountered in these fields.

2. Basic concepts of the curriculum

(1) Helping students live active and healthy lives and be qualified citizens is the core of the curriculum

Junior high school students are in the process of physical and mental development During this important period, self-awareness and independence gradually increase. Helping students form good moral character, establish a sense of responsibility and a positive attitude towards life at the junior high school level plays a fundamental role in students' growth. The mission of this course is to guide students to understand society, participate in public life, love life, understand life, gradually form a correct world view, outlook on life, values ??and basic concepts of good and evil, right and wrong, live an active and healthy life, and do the right things Informed and responsible qualified citizens of society, country and the world.

(2) The gradually expanded life of junior high school students is the basis of the curriculum

Human thoughts and morals are gradually formed in the process of understanding, experiencing and practicing life. The life scope of junior high school students is gradually expanding, and the various relationships that need to be dealt with are increasing. This course is based on the students' gradually expanding life experience, working with them to experience the beauty of growth and face the problems in growth, and to help junior high school students correctly understand themselves and handle their relationships with others, the collective, the country and society. Provide necessary assistance.

(3) Adhering to the guidance of correct values ??and integrating students’ independent thinking and active practice are the basic principles of the curriculum

The formation and development of ideological and moral character cannot be separated from students’ lives Experience and independent thinking, social requirements can be better internalized through students' independent thinking and practice. This course embodies correct value guidance in vivid life themes, focuses on the integration of in-class and extra-curricular activities, encourages students to actively explore and experience in practice, and promotes the healthy development of ideological and moral character through moral practice.

Part 2 Curriculum Objectives

1. General Objectives

This course is guided by the socialist core value system and aims to promote the correct ideological concepts and The formation and development of good moral character lays the foundation for students to become qualified citizens with ideals, ethics, culture, and discipline.

2. Classification goals

(1) Emotions, attitudes, and values

● Cherish life, have self-esteem and self-confidence, be optimistic, and have a strong will.

● Get close to nature, care for the environment, cherish resources, and be diligent and thrifty.

● Honor your parents, respect others, be honest and trustworthy, and be willing to help others.

● Love labor, pay attention to practice, advocate science, and have the courage to innovate.

● Abide by laws and regulations, pursue justice, be independent and self-reliant, and enhance citizen awareness.

● Love the collective, dare to compete, be good at cooperation, and have dedication.

● Love the motherland and love peace.

(2) Ability

● Learn to regulate your emotions and be able to self-adjust and control yourself.

● Master the basic ways and methods of caring for the environment and develop the habit of caring for the environment.

● Gradually master the skills of interaction and communication, and learn and apply methods to participate in social and public life.

● Learn how to collect, process, and apply information, and be able to actively adapt to the information society.

● Have a preliminary understanding of the complexity of social life and be able to make correct moral judgments and choices.

● Understand the meaning of the law and initially learn to use the law to protect oneself and safeguard legitimate rights and interests.

(3) Knowledge

● Understand the physical and mental development characteristics of adolescents and ways to promote healthy physical and mental development, and understand the relationship between individual growth and social environment.

● Understand the ethics between me and others, me and society, and me and nature.

● Know basic legal knowledge and understand the basic functions and significance of law.

● Understand the basic national conditions and national policies in the primary stage of socialism in my country, as well as the new requirements for achieving the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way

and have a preliminary understanding of the development situation in the world today.

Part Three Content Standards

1. Understanding Self

(1) Growing Me

Goal:

——Correctly understand one's own physiological and psychological changes, and experience the beauty and troubles of adolescence.

——Learn to regulate emotions, enhance the ability to regulate oneself, withstand difficulties and setbacks, and adapt to the environment, and form a positive, optimistic, and uplifting mental state.

——Evaluate yourself objectively, actively accept yourself, and gradually develop a sound personality and good personality qualities.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

1.1 Accept your own physiological changes and coordinate the harmonious development of physiology and psychology.

1.2 Know the common sense of mental health in adolescence, experience the beauty of adolescence, learn to overcome the troubles of adolescence, and regulate your own psychological impulses.

1.3 Understand the diversity and complexity of emotions, learn to regulate and control emotions, and maintain an optimistic and healthy attitude.

1.4 Objectively analyze setbacks and adversity, find effective coping methods, and develop the good qualities of having the courage to overcome difficulties and forge ahead.

1.5 Take the initiative to exercise individual and psychological qualities, sharpen will, cultivate sentiment, and form good study, work habits and life attitudes.

1.6 Understand the importance of self-evaluation, be able to objectively recognize oneself, actively accept oneself, and form a clearer overall self-image.

Discuss in groups how you behave when you are emotionally impulsive or depressed, and analyze with the teacher how to use methods such as talking, transfer, transposition, and self-comfort to reasonably vent your emotions.

Collect examples of "overcoming difficulties and setbacks and persevering in adversity" to discuss how people should face difficulties and setbacks.

Portrait yourself and analyze the differences in evaluations from different perspectives such as "me in my mind", "me in my classmates' minds", "me in my teachers' minds" and "me in my parents' minds". Find a way forward.

Carry out the "Youth Diary" activity to record the mental journey and thoughts on growth.

(2) Self-esteem and self-improvement

Goal:

——Understand the value of life and love life.

——Cultivation of self-esteem, self-reliance, and self-improvement.

——Be able to distinguish right from wrong and learn to be responsible for one's own actions.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

2.1 Understand the uniqueness of your own life, appreciate the value of life, learn basic self-rescue and self-protection knowledge, and understand human beings' response to nature dependencies.

2.2 Be aware of shame and self-respect, and do not do anything that is detrimental to your personality.

2.3 Experience the connection between behavior and consequences, understand that every behavior will have certain consequences, and be responsible for your own behavior.

2.4 Be able to distinguish between right and wrong, good and evil, and learn to make correct choices in more complex social life.

2.5 Understand the value of life and know that realizing the meaning of life should start from the little things in daily life.

2.6 Develop a confident and self-reliant attitude towards life and understand the meaning of continuous self-improvement.

With the theme of "Animal and plant partners around us", conduct a survey of plant and animal species and their living conditions in the area, observe the uniqueness of each species and each living individual, and experience the world of life of magic.

By watching documentaries, pictures, etc., you can gain a preliminary understanding of natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, and learn some common sense about self-protection, self-rescue, mutual rescue, and other-rescue.

List some examples of Chinese and foreign figures, or conduct a themed discussion on "The Meaning of Life" around your own life stories and those of your classmates.

Carry out a "behavioral consequences experience" activity to enhance the awareness of being responsible for one's own actions.

(3) Study the law and know the law

Objective:

——Know that the law is a special code of conduct and realize that all citizens are equal before the law meaning.

——Understand the special protection of minors under our country’s laws, and learn to use the law to protect their legitimate rights and interests.

——Understand the provisions of our country’s laws on the prevention of juvenile delinquency and enhance legal awareness.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

3.1 Understand that law is a special code of conduct formulated and recognized by the state and enforced by the state's coercive force. All citizens of our country are equal before the law.

3.2 We know that failure to perform obligations stipulated by law or conduct prohibited by law is an illegal act. We understand that any illegal act will bear corresponding legal responsibility and be subject to certain sanctions by law.

3.3 Know the special protection of minors by law, and understand the basic contents of family protection, school protection, social protection and judicial protection. Understand the ways and means for minors to obtain legal help and establish a sense of self-protection.

3.4 Understand that when citizens’ legitimate rights and interests are infringed, they should use legal weapons, rely on law enforcement and judicial organs, and follow certain legal procedures to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

Collect typical cases of protecting the legal rights of minors in accordance with the law, and discuss and explain the importance of minors enhancing their awareness of self-protection.

List the easily contaminated bad behaviors and serious bad behaviors stipulated in the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Law, and analyze the harm of these behaviors to individuals, families and society.

Check relevant laws and regulations to understand the different provisions on criminal liability for persons who are over 14 years old but under 16 years old and those who are over 16 years old when they commit crimes, and discuss the basis for such provisions.

Based on local reality, use real-life cases to discuss and explain how to protect your legitimate rights and interests in accordance with legal procedures.

2. Me, others and the collective

(1) Interaction and communication

Goal:

——Master basic communication etiquette , learn interpersonal communication and communication.

——Be good at working with others and strive to establish good interpersonal relationships.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

1.1 Know that politeness is the prerequisite for civilized communication, master basic communication etiquette and skills, and develop civilized and polite behavioral habits.

1.2 Understand the psychological phenomenon and harm of adolescent lock-in, actively interact with classmates, friends and adults, and develop an honest, enthusiastic and cheerful character.

1.3 Learn to communicate with parents on an equal footing, correctly understand their parents' care and education for themselves, as well as possible conflicts, learn communication skills with parents, and debug "rebellious" psychology.

1.4 Correctly understand the interactions and friendships between students of the opposite sex, grasp the standards and principles, and learn to interact with peers in appropriate ways.

1.5 Understand teachers’ work, actively communicate with teachers effectively, treat teachers’ praise and criticism correctly, and enhance feelings with teachers.

1.6 Understand the relationship between competition and cooperation, be able to correctly treat cooperation and competition in social life, and develop the qualities of respecting others, uniting and cooperating, and being brave in innovation.

1.7 Correctly understand the relationship between the individual and the collective, actively participate in class and school activities, and play an active role, have a sense of teamwork and collective honor, appreciate the happiness of school life, and appreciate the power of unity.

Communicate about the use and non-use of civilized and polite language, as well as the different feelings of making loud noises and speaking softly in public places, and understand the role and value of being civilized and polite in life.

Using the topic "How do I resolve conflicts with my parents", recall the performance and feelings of yourself and your parents at that time, exchange methods of resolving conflicts, and discuss and share experiences in successfully resolving conflicts.

Interview with teachers, including the teacher’s understanding of the subject he teaches, his evaluation and expectations for the class, worries and joys in life, etc., and write a report based on the interview.

Collect touching stories of middle school students who bravely saved others and helped each other during the Wenchuan earthquake, and appreciate the preciousness of classmate friendship.

Carry out a variety of class group activities and experience warmth and strength in group activities.

(2) Morality in communication

Goal:

——Know that honoring parents and being honest and trustworthy are the foundation of being a human being, being able to respect parents and elders, and be a good person Honest person.

——Learn to be grateful, caring, respectful, tolerant, understand others, be willing to help others, and be kind to others.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

2.1 Understand the hard work parents put in raising themselves, and respect their parents and elders. Enhance the awareness and ability to create and share family virtues with your family members, and promote intergenerational cultural exchanges and interactions.

2.2 Knowing that being trustworthy to others and being responsible for things are the basic requirements of honesty. Only by knowing honesty can you gain trust. Correctly understand and appreciate the complexity of honesty in life, and strive to be an honest person.

2.3 Respect and help others, understand the principle of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", learn to think from others' perspective, learn to understand and tolerate, and be kind to others.

2.4 Know that everyone is equal in personality and legal status. Treat others equally, do not bully the weak, do not be proud or inferior based on differences in family background, body, intelligence, gender, etc., and do not discriminate against others.

2.5 Actively participate in public life, protect the public environment and facilities, and abide by public ethics and public order.

2.6 Understand the diversity and richness of culture, have friendly interactions with people of other ethnic groups and countries on an equal footing, and respect different cultures and customs.

Hold an activity to collect the "Ten Most Sayed Words by Parents", try to understand parents' original intention of "coming from love", and communicate and share among classmates.

Start a class discussion on the topic of integrity.

Use group communication to discuss how to resolve conflicts through empathy or other methods when having disputes with classmates.

Have a class discussion on the issue of "equality of citizens" and understand that equality is mainly reflected in personality and legal status, rather than in economic status.

Group into groups to collect the unique cultures of different countries, ethnic groups and regions, understand the diversity of cultures in various places, and experience the richness of culture.

(3) Rights and Obligations

Objective:

——Understand the provisions of the constitution and law on the basic rights and obligations of citizens.

——Master basic legal knowledge that is closely related to individual growth and social life, so as to correctly exercise rights and consciously perform obligations.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

3.1 Understand the provisions of the Constitution and laws on the basic rights and obligations of citizens, and know how to correctly exercise rights and consciously perform obligations.

3.2 We know that citizens’ personal rights are protected by law, and any behavior that illegally infringes on the personal rights of others must bear corresponding legal responsibilities.

3.3 Know that citizens have the right and obligation to receive education, learn to use the law to protect their rights to education, and consciously fulfill their obligations to receive education.

3.4 Know that the law can protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and learn to use the law to protect your own rights and interests as a consumer.

Collect cases in which citizens were severely punished by law for violating personal rights, explain that citizens’ personal rights are protected by law, and discuss ways and methods to protect personal rights.

Collect relevant information and discuss ways to safeguard the right to education.

Collect typical cases that infringe on consumer rights and discuss how to safeguard consumer rights.

3. Me and the country and society

(1) Actively adapt to the development and progress of society

Goals:

——Understanding Social environment for growth and improvement of life adaptability.

——Understand the relationship between individuals and collectives, and care about the development and destiny of the motherland.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

1.1 Correctly understand curiosity and herd mentality, develop independent thinking and self-control abilities, eliminate bad habits, and develop good behaviors Habit.

1.2 Treat study pressure correctly, overcome study weariness and test anxiety, cultivate correct learning concepts and achievement motivation, understand the characteristics and unique values ??of different labor and occupations, and be mentally prepared for further studies and career choices. Prepare.

1.3 Correctly understand the difficulties and adversities in life, improve psychological endurance, and maintain a positive and enterprising spirit.

1.4 Make reasonable use of the Internet and other media to feel the development and changes of social life, increase interest and emotion in caring about society, and develop pro-social behavioral attitudes.

1.5 Feel the connection between personal emotions, national culture and the destiny of the country, and enhance the sense of cultural identity and sense of responsibility in building a harmonious society.

Choose a hot social topic or phenomenon of interest, express your personal opinions and views, and communicate with classmates.

Recall childhood game activities, discuss the conflicting and mutually reinforcing relationship between game activities and learning activities, and gradually establish a correct view of learning and games.

Contact the phenomenon of "star chasing" and "small groups" to discuss how to correctly grasp the herd mentality in life.

Use groups as a unit to conduct a classroom debate on "The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet" to form a correct understanding of the Internet.

Hold a class meeting with the theme "As the motherland develops, I grow" to understand the great situation of the motherland's development, review one's own growth process, and understand the relationship between the two.

(2) Undertake social responsibility

Objective:

——Understanding fairness is conducive to social stability and establishing a sense of fairness.

——Understand that fairness requires justice and inspire a sense of social justice.

——Understand your social responsibilities and strive to be a responsible citizen.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

2.1 Understand the social basis of responsibility, understand the meaning of taking responsibility, understand that sometimes taking responsibility requires paying a price, and know not to take responsibility Consequences of responsibility, strive to be a responsible citizen.

2.2 Understand that people have different responsibilities due to different social identities, and enhance their sense of responsibility.

2.3 Be able to actively participate in social welfare activities, serve the society, and gradually establish the spirit of serving others and serving the society.

2.4 Understand the importance of maintaining social fairness for social stability and social justice, correctly understand and understand social contradictions, and understand the dialectical relationship between development and stability.

2.5 Understanding justice requires everyone to abide by social rules, be able to distinguish between just and unjust behavior, have a sense of justice, and consciously abide by social rules.

Try to analyze your different identities and different responsibilities in family, school and community. Conduct a topic discussion on "How to be a responsible citizen".

Examine the main difficulties faced by disabled people in the community and make suggestions for improvement to the community management department. Organize a volunteer activity and perform meaningful public service in the community.

Collect volunteer activity cases from the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, and realize that volunteer activities are an important form for individuals to participate in social affairs, fulfill their civic obligations, and serve the society.

(3) Law and Order

Objective:

——Know that governing the country according to law is our country’s governance strategy and enhance legal awareness.

——Understand the important role of law in maintaining social order, and consciously safeguard the authority of the law.

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

3.1 Know that the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China is the fundamental law of our country and is the fundamental law of all state agencies, organizations and all citizens. the highest code of conduct and establish constitutional awareness.

3.2 Know that socially harmful behaviors such as disrupting public order, impeding public safety, and disrupting social management order will be punished by law.

3.3 Understand that the establishment of a sound supervision and restriction mechanism is the guarantee for the effective implementation of the law and judicial fairness, strengthen citizens' awareness of rights, and learn to exercise their rights to know, participate, express, and supervise.

3.4 Understand the basic laws of environmental protection in my country, enhance environmental protection awareness, and consciously fulfill the obligation to protect the environment.

3.5 Understand that it is the obligation of every citizen to safeguard national unity, safeguard the unity of all ethnic groups, and safeguard national security, honor and interests.

Discuss the importance of governing the country according to law based on specific cases.

We held class-based activities with the theme "The Constitution is in My Heart".

Collect cases of disrupting public order, impeding public safety, and disrupting social management order and being punished by law to illustrate the importance of maintaining social order and building a harmonious society.

Carry out the theme activity "I am a Chinese Citizen" to discuss the role of mass reporting and public opinion supervision in maintaining judicial justice and social order.

With the theme of "Environmental Protection, Everyone is Responsible", design a class-based themed activity to protect the environment and carry out corresponding practices.

Based on local realities, a theme activity was launched with the theme of "Maintaining the Unity of All Ethnic Groups in the Country".

(4) Understand the national conditions and love China

Goal:

——Feel the great achievements our country has made since the reform and opening up, and enhance the love for the motherland and China Communist sentiment.

——Understand the new requirements for achieving the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, establish the communist ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and be determined to serve the motherland.

——Promote and cultivate the national spirit, understand the social responsibilities of contemporary youth, and enhance the sense of mission and self-confidence in advancing modernization, completing the reunification of the motherland, safeguarding world peace, and promoting the common development of the world. .

Content Standards

Activity Suggestions

4.1 Feel the changes around you and know that Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thoughts of "Three Represents" are The guiding ideology of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and understanding the Scientific Outlook on Development are major strategic ideas that must be adhered to and implemented in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

4.2 Understand the Party’s basic line in the primary stage of socialism, as well as my country’s basic economic and political systems at this stage, and understand the goals, main tasks and significance of building a harmonious socialist society. Know the common ideals of the people of all ethnic groups in our country.

4.3 Understand the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and understand the current situation of unbalanced social development. We know that enhancing the coordination of urban-rural and regional development is an important requirement to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.

4.4 Understand our country’s achievements in science and technology and educational development, understand the practical significance of implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, feel the necessity of technological innovation and educational innovation, and strive to improve their own quality.

4.5 Understand my country’s population, resources, environment and other conditions, understand policies on family planning, environmental protection, and rational utilization of resources, and form a sense of sustainable development.

4.6 We know that our country is a unified multi-ethnic country, and people of all ethnic groups help each other on an equal footing, unite and cooperate, work hard and develop together, and maintain national stability and ethnic unity.

4.7 Learn and understand Chinese cultural traditions, enhance national pride, and enhance awareness of exchanges and dialogue with world civilizations.

4.8 Understand the development trends of today’s world, know our country’s position and role in the world structure, and the opportunities and challenges it faces, and enhance our awareness of danger.

4.9 Understand the importance of establishing a global perspective, understand the requirements of the younger generation in the spirit of the times, and have the will and awareness to contribute to world peace.

Collect information that reflects the tremendous changes in social life since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, discuss the reasons for the changes, and feel that the Communist Party of China is the core leadership of our career development.

With the theme of "My Ideals and Choices", a theme class meeting was held to discuss how to work hard to realize the ideals.

Look up historical data and understand the profound meaning of China being a unified multi-ethnic country. Use relevant knowledge to design quizzes and other activities.

Investigate the resource shortage problem in the region, and according to the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development, jointly design a publicity slogan for cherishing resources through discussion.

Based on the world map, we carried out the "I Travel on the Map" speech activity, collected materials such as natural scenery, humanities and history from different countries, and actively experienced "peace and progress, harmonious development, harmonious coexistence, and cooperation" Victory and a harmonious life are the common ideals of the world."

3. Suggestions for compiling teaching materials

Teaching materials should follow the basic principles of the "Basic Education Curriculum Reform Outline (Trial)" and the "Interim Measures for the Compilation and Approval Management of Primary and Secondary School Textbooks" issued by the Ministry of Education. The spirit and requirements are based on the standards of this course, and the teaching materials are creatively written based on real social life and various phenomena and practical problems faced by students.

(1) Accurately understand and grasp the curriculum standards and adhere to the correct orientation

The compilation of teaching materials must be guided by the socialist core value system, update educational concepts, creatively reflect and strengthen innovation Cultivation of spiritual and practical abilities, strengthening the pertinence, effectiveness and initiative of ideological and moral education, and giving full play to the important guiding role of this course in school moral education.

(2) Select materials from real life to highlight the connection between teaching materials and life

Based on students’ moral cognition, moral emotions and moral practice levels, select materials that students care about and Real-life problems and actual examples with educational significance are used as the main materials to refine them to make them more typical and educational, and to avoid negative effects and empty preaching.

(3) Reflect the laws of the formation and development of ideological and moral character, and highlight the learning characteristics of ideological and moral character

The arrangement and presentation of teaching materials should be based on the general laws of the formation and development of students' ideological and moral character, so as to Organize and express teaching content in a way that students can accept, be willing to participate in, and effectively promote students' thinking, so that students can understand and experience the teaching content, thereby transforming the value guidance intention of the course into the intrinsic needs of student development.

(4) Advocate to present course content in the form of themes to stimulate students’ interest in thinking and exploration

Use life themes as the writing method, focus on problem solving, and design the teaching material structure as a whole , organically integrates learning content such as mental health, ethics, law, and national conditions. Starting from the characteristics and needs of junior high school students, the basic principles, basic concepts and basic knowledge are reflected through life examples and vivid presentation methods. Design open-ended, diverse and thoughtful exercises to stimulate students' enthusiasm for self-study and cultivate students' ability to learn independently.

(5) The characteristics of different regions should be fully considered and reflected

On the premise of ensuring that the basic requirements of the curriculum standards are met, the content and presentation form of teaching materials should be adapted to local conditions. Characteristics and needs of students in different regions and urban and rural areas.

IV. Development and Utilization of Curriculum Resources

(1) Purposes and Requirements for the Development and Utilization of Curriculum Resources

Establish integrated, open and developed curriculum resources View, integrate and optimize various resources inside and outside the school, give full play to the educational function of curriculum resources, enrich the content of teaching materials, and effectively implement curriculum objectives. Encourage and guide students to participate in the development of course resources, and regard the participation process as a process of independent learning and self-improvement. At the same time, attention should be paid to the development of student resources so that students become an important part of the curriculum.

(2) Principles that should be followed in the development and utilization of curriculum resources

1. Purpose principle - select curriculum resources according to the needs of teaching objectives to reflect the educational nature.

2. Comprehensive principle - try to combine different types of resources to deepen students' understanding of the course content.

3. The principle of adapting measures to local conditions - proceed from the actual situation of the local area and the school, pay attention to the development and utilization of local resources, especially rural local resources, use local materials, and give full play to the advantages and unique value of local resources.

4. The principle of effectiveness - according to the different characteristics of the resources, cooperate with the teaching content, give full play to the effectiveness of the course resources, and avoid blindness and formalism.

(3) Main course resources

Text resources: books (including teaching materials), newspapers, magazines, photos, maps, charts, etc.

Audio-visual resources: movies, TV program recordings, VCDs, tapes, various educational software, etc.

Physical resources: libraries, reading rooms, laboratories, museums, memorial halls, cultural centers, natural and cultural landscapes, agencies, enterprises, institutions, etc.

Online resources: Make use of resources provided by audio-visual classrooms, computers, and multimedia.

In addition, students, parents, teachers, neighbors, other social figures, and the community can all be developed as resources.