Rice controlled irrigation technology?

Rice controlled irrigation technology has experienced a lot from the beginning to the determination, but with the maturity of the technology, it has finally become the mainstream technology, providing a very critical help for development. Zhong Da Consulting Company will give you a brief introduction of rice controlled irrigation technology.

Controlled irrigation of rice, also known as regulated deficit irrigation of rice, refers to determining irrigation time, irrigation times and irrigation quota according to soil water content and root soil surface, rather than establishing a new irrigation technology for irrigating water layer for a long time in each growth period after transplanting seedlings to Honda. 1. Advantages of controlling irrigation 1. 1 On the basis of high yield of rice, timely and appropriate irrigation can ensure the root activity of functional leaves and rice in the later stage, control ineffective tillers, improve the panicle rate, fill more grains and increase the 1000-grain weight. The premature senescence of rice was effectively controlled, and the paid-in yield was increased by more than 5- 10%. Compared with shallow wet irrigation, the water-saving controlled irrigation with shallow irrigation is 14 1 m3, and the water-saving rate is 30-40%. 1.3 Improvement of rice quality control Compared with conventional irrigation, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, gel consistency and fat content of irrigation increased by 0.3%, 1.2%, 3. 1%, 1.4% and 22% respectively. 1.4 The lodging resistance is improved, the root depth, wall thickness and internodes are rich, and the lodging resistance is improved by more than 95%. The disease resistance of 1.5 increased again. Due to the good population structure and photosynthesis, the rate of diseased plants decreased by more than 40% compared with normal irrigation. 1.6 The benefits of energy saving and consumption reduction have been further improved. Controlling irrigation can reduce irrigation quantity and irrigation times, improve fertility by 20%, save about 15 yuan per mu, and save about 25 yuan per mu. 2. Control irrigation operation method Control irrigation is to control the water layer and soil moisture on the surface of the field according to the water demand law of high quality and high yield in rice growth period. The depth of the water layer can be directly judged, and the amount of soil moisture can be judged by the change of the size and number of cracks in the field. 2. 1 The water management of controlled irrigation in field soaking period and green transplanting period is the same as that of conventional irrigation. The water consumption per mu is about 80- 120 cubic meters, and it is soaked in the field for 3-5 days. When the water layer on the surface of the field falls back to the flower to draw water, transplant rice, soak the field and transplant rice for one crop; After transplanting, the seedlings began to turn green. Don't rush to irrigate at this time, wait for the water layer to dry naturally, and then irrigate when there are 0-4 mm cracks on the field surface. The depth of each irrigation is about 20-30 mm 2.2 After turning green at tillering stage, rice enters tillering stage, early tillering stage and middle tillering stage. After each irrigation, the water layer naturally dries up. When 0-3mm cracks appear in the field, irrigate the layer again, and the irrigation depth is about 30mm each time. When it rains, rainwater can be stored, and the depth of rainwater storage is not more than 50 mm. Excess rainwater should be removed and stored for no more than 7 days. At the end of tillering, that is, the growth transition period, the field should be drained and re-controlled in time. At this time, the soil cracks can be controlled at 4-8 mm, and irrigation is needed if the cracks exceed 8 mm, as long as the field surface is completely wet. 2.3 jointing-booting stage and heading-flowering stage After re-controlling the field in the late tillering stage, rice enters the jointing-booting stage, and the transition from the late tillering stage to the jointing-booting stage is the transition stage of rice growth period, which is also the key period for controlling irrigation water management. When rice enters the jointing and booting stage, it is necessary to water the recommended water in time. The jointing stage, booting stage and flowering stage are sensitive to rice water requirement. Water management adopts the method of "one crop of water irrigation, several days of exposure". After each irrigation, the water layer naturally dries up. When 0-3 mm cracks appear on the field surface, water is poured again, and the depth of the irrigation layer is about 20-30 mm. When it rains, store rainwater, and the depth of rainwater storage shall not exceed 50 mm. Excess rainwater shall be removed, and the rainwater storage time shall not exceed 7. 1 1 leaf varieties can store rainwater after July 10- 15 cm, and 12 leaf varieties can store rainwater after July 10- 15cm. 2.4 The milk ripening stage and yellow ripening stage require dry fields and moist soil. When cracks of 4- 10 mm appear in the soil, water it again, and make the soil completely wet every time. If it rains, the maximum depth of rainwater storage shall not exceed 20-30mm. If the weather is too dry, when the rice is harvested and dried, it should be irrigated with saturated water once 10- 15 days before the rice is harvested, so as to fully wet the soil and prevent premature aging of rice. 3. Technical points and precautions 3. 1 Grasp the irrigation time. When to irrigate in each growth period should be determined according to the width of field cracks required in each growth period. Generally, irrigation is needed when the cracks in the field reach the required width, but it is not needed when they do not. In addition, due to the requirements of controlling irrigation on rainwater storage, we should pay attention to listening to the weather forecast, combine irrigation with rainfall, and irrigate with rainwater. 3.2 Master the irrigation amount. How much should be irrigated when irrigation is needed in each growing period? According to the irrigation range required in different growth periods. Generally, the water layer on the field surface is about 30 mm; In case of rain, the depth of water layer on the field surface should be controlled according to the maximum rain storage depth in different growth periods, which is generally 30-50 mm, and the rain storage time should not exceed 7 days, so as to eliminate excess precipitation in time; Except when there is a special requirement for pressing and discharging alkali for growing rice in saline-alkali land. 3.3 The relationship between treating production water and controlling irrigation. Production water refers to water for spraying and fertilization, which requires a water layer. The water layer management of controlled irrigation should obey the requirements of production water, that is, when spraying fertilizer is needed, irrigation should be carried out, but it is best to combine production water with controlled irrigation water. Especially in the early tillering stage, the water layer should be kept 10- 12 days. 3.4 Mastering the Water Management of Key Growth Stages The turning green period to the end of tillering is the insensitive period of rice water demand, and it is also the key period to control irrigation. During this period, strong individual plant types and dominant group plant types can be formed through water control, and strict management is guaranteed according to the requirements of irrigation control; The jointing, booting and flowering stages are the sensitive stages of rice. If irrigation is not timely, rice yield will be affected, so it cannot be controlled too heavily. 3.5 Pay attention to the transition of growth period. Growth transition period is the transition stage from simple root and leaf growth at the end of tillering stage to before booting stage of rice. It's time to regain control. The field surface is: the ground is hard and firm, the crack width is generally 4-8 mm, and it is necessary to grasp the transition point of the growth period: the rice in cold areas is generally around June 20, and when the number of tillers reaches 80% of the total number of stems designed in the field, it should be re-controlled in time, sooner rather than later. The performance is "unequal seedlings, unequal seedlings". When the seedlings are unbalanced, as long as they reach 80% of the total number of stems, water should be released in time to control the field. By the time the seedlings arrived, rice had reached the peak of fertility transformation, probably at the end of June. No matter whether the number of tillers reaches the total number of stems, it is necessary to drain water and control the field in time. It plays a role in controlling the top and promoting the bottom, enhancing soil permeability and consolidating and expanding effective tillering. 3.6 Pay attention to different conditions such as soil, water supply, precipitation and temperature changes in different areas according to local conditions, and flexibly grasp water management. Mudanjiang area, Longyan, Gansu and Thailand have a large amount of soil leakage, so irrigation should be less and diligent; Areas with good soil fertility can be controlled to be heavier, with more and wider soil cracks; Areas with poor soil fertility are more uncontrollable, and soil cracks are less and narrower. The gravity irrigation area should be irrigated according to the incoming water from the river, and the water should be replenished in time when the incoming water is less than the crack width; Rice growing in saline-alkali land needs salt washing. Except in the field drying period, the cracks should be few and narrow, and the control should be light. Irrigation can reach 50 mm at a time. According to the requirements of saline-alkali land control for normal rice growth, appropriate irrigation should be carried out at the right time, and the alkali should be washed by drainage in time. Albic soil has poor drought resistance, few and narrow cracks and light control; In areas with frequent obstacle chilling injury, irrigation amount should be adjusted in time according to the low temperature chilling injury forecast at booting stage, heading stage and flowering stage. It is predicted that when the temperature is below 17℃, the deep water layer of 10 ~ 15 cm should be irrigated to improve the water temperature and ground temperature in the field to protect the fetus with water. 4. Supporting Agronomic Measures 4. 1 Variety selection and collocation are usually based on local medium-mature varieties, and early-maturing and late-maturing varieties are appropriately matched. 4.2 Field management and seedling transplanting at seedling stage are mainly based on dry cultivation and sparse sowing, and the seedling age days must reach 35 days from emergence to transplanting. Before transplanting, there should be three areas: one fertilizer area, two medicine areas and three bacteria-increasing areas. When transplanting, the seedlings should be fully yellowed before transplanting, which is called "one yellowing period" in rice cultivation physiology. Transplanting should be done in time according to climatic conditions, and transplanting specifications should be determined according to local soil conditions. Plots with poor soil should be densely planted, and plots with rich soil should be sparsely planted. 4.3 The prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds focuses on the prevention and control of three pests and two diseases. Chemical weeding was carried out on three pests, namely, rice leaf miner, mud worm and Chilo suppressalis, and two diseases, namely, rice blast and sheath blight, and the mixture was closed for 5-7 days. At the end of tillering stage, herbicides were applied to completely eliminate all kinds of weeds, and ridged grass was cut off to keep the field clean and tidy, so that weeds were eliminated 100%. For more information about building construction such as "Rice Controlled Irrigation Technology", please visit Zhong Da Consulting and Construction Link for enquiry.

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