How to choose soybean varieties (what are the new soybean varieties)

Under certain natural conditions, cultivation conditions and people's choices, rich soybean varieties have been formed. Each

How to choose soybean varieties (what are the new soybean varieties)

Under certain natural conditions, cultivation conditions and people's choices, rich soybean varieties have been formed. Each variety has its own characteristics and adaptability. For example, large seeds with thick stems, limited or sub-limited pod-setting habits and developed main stems, as well as medium and small seeds with tall and vigorous plants, should be planted under excellent cultivation conditions of high fertilizer and sufficient water. Infinitely pod-bearing varieties are suitable for planting in barren and arid plots. Intercropping two plants will lead to a decline in yield, and its high-yield performance can only be exerted under their own production conditions. It can be seen that there is no unified standard model for excellent soybean varieties. Varieties that can give full play to their high-yield performance in cultivation areas are called excellent varieties.

When selecting specific varieties, we should first consider the ecological characteristics of soybean, such as growth period, pod habit, grain size, seed coat color and fluff color, insect resistance and so on.

1, growth period

The growth period of soybean varieties is determined by the characteristics of light and temperature response. It is related to whether the varieties in the annual spring soybean area can adapt to the frost-free period in a region and mature normally before frost. The requirements of multiple cropping must be considered in the selection of soybean growth period in summer and autumn.

The frost-free period in southern soybean area is more than 300 days, and soybeans can be planted in spring, summer, autumn and winter according to the needs of multiple cropping. Summer soybean is sown from late May to early June and harvested from late September to early October of/kloc-0, so middle-early or middle-late maturity varieties with growth period of 10 to 125 days can be selected. Spring soybeans are sown from the end of March to the beginning of April and harvested from mid-July to early August. Select a medium-mature variety with the growth days of 100- 100 or an early-maturing variety with the growth days of 95- 100. Autumn soybeans are mostly planted and sent after early rice harvest at the end of July, so it is appropriate to choose middle-early or late-maturing varieties, and the growth days are 9O- 15 days. In short, according to the arrangement of crop replacement, we should choose varieties with suitable growth period.

2, pod habits

Soybean varieties with different pod-setting habits have different adaptability to soil fertility and other cultivation conditions. The varieties with limited pod-setting habits have thick stems, short internodes and medium plant height. In the case of sufficient fertilizer and water, they have many pods, large and full grains and high yield, which are suitable for planting in rainy and fertile areas. Varieties with unlimited pod-setting habits are not strict with fertilizer and water, and even if they are planted in barren areas, they can still obtain a certain yield. The requirements of sub-limited pod-bearing varieties for fertilizer and water conditions are between the first two. Among the sub-limited pod-bearing varieties, the varieties with medium plant height and developed main stems are suitable for planting on fertile land, while the varieties with high plant height and strong luxuriance are suitable for planting on barren land.

In rainy and fertile areas, or ridge beans in rice fields, or intercropping between soybeans and corn, limited pod-bearing varieties with high yield, thick stems and large grains should be selected. Varieties with unrestricted pod-setting habits should be selected in high latitude areas and cold Liangshan areas with little rainfall and poor growth period.

3. Particle shape and particle size

The adaptability of soybean varieties to soil fertility and cultivation conditions is different in grain shape and grain size. Big seeds need fertile soil and plenty of water. Oval, oblate and small seeds varieties can adapt to adverse environmental conditions, and the closer their characters are to wild soybeans, the stronger their resistance is.

The particle size of the selected variety also depends on the use requirements. Vegetable soybean, 100 grains weigh 38-40g. The variety of raw bean sprouts weighs only 4-5g. Autumn soybean, mashed bean and cowpea used as feed weigh 6 6- 10/0g.

4. Seed coat, umbilical color and fluff color

Seed coat, umbilical color and coat color are indicators representing the evolution degree of soybean. Seed coat, umbilical color and coat color are relatively primitive types of soybean, and the seed coat colors are yellow, blue, black, brown and gray.

5, pests and diseases

Soybean varieties resistant to pests and diseases should be selected. The selection of soybean varieties should not only consider the above ecological characteristics, but also adapt to the cultivation conditions. For example, in the mechanized cultivation area of soybean, we should choose varieties with tall plants, stout stems, developed main stems, compact plant types, high pod-bearing parts, and not easy to rot pods and drop seeds, which is convenient for mechanized harvesting and threshing.