How to plant rape

Rape is generally cultivated in winter, which is characterized by not competing with other crops for land and wide production adaptability. Therefore, rape in different climatic zones can also be sown in spring and autumn, and it can be planted in one or more stubble areas. So how to plant rapeseed scientifically? Let's have a look.

First, cultivate strong seedlings.

1. Select varieties.

Choosing a good variety is the key to high yield of rapeseed, which requires high yield and high quality ("double low", high oil content, etc.). ) and high resistance (lodging resistance, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance, etc.). ), such as Zhongshuang 1 1, Huaza 9, Changzayou 2 and 3.

2. Choose a good seedbed

Choose dry land or vegetable garden soil with loose and fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, flat terrain and no rape planted for more than 2 years as seedbed. Seedbed area: The best ratio of field area is 1:5-6.

3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

Before sowing, the seedbed should be carefully arranged, and the mixed compost of decomposed pig cow dung 1.25 tons, ammonium bicarbonate 20 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 25 kg and potassium chloride 6 kg should be applied for about 10 day, combined with seedbed arrangement as the base fertilizer of the land.

begin sowing in good time

The sowing time of rape is in the first half of September, and the rape seeds are evenly sown according to the ratio of borax+fireclay +0.4-0.5 kg per mu. Before sowing, the border surface should be kept at a certain humidity, and irrigation should be done in time when the weather is dry, otherwise the seedling emergence rate will be greatly affected. After sowing, cover with fireclay ash and spray acetochlor on the surface of the compartment when it is wet to prevent weeds from growing.

Interplanting seedlings in time

After emergence, 65,438+0 times of thinning seedlings were carried out at the stage of 65,438+0 leaves, seedlings were fixed before 3 leaves, small seedlings, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings and miscellaneous seedlings were removed, and dense seedlings were removed and sparse seedlings were supplemented. When fixing seedlings, 70 ~ 65,438+000 plants per square meter are the best. Spraying 30 grams of paclobutrazol on the seedbed and adding 50 kilograms of water can prevent short seedlings.

Second, transplanting in the field.

1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer.

About 3 days before transplanting, the farmyard manure can be decomposed into 1.25 tons/mu of human and animal manure, mixed with 20 kg of compound fertilizer, 1.25 kg of borax, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer or 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer, plus 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer, and sprinkled on the surface soil, and the land is ready for transplanting.

2. Transplant in time

Generally, in the middle and late June of 65438+ 10, the rape seedlings are transplanted when there are 5-6 leaves, and the transplanting ends at the end of 65438+ 10. Before transplanting, the seedbed soil should be watered 1 time (or irrigated), and the transplanted seedlings should be transplanted with as much soil as possible to promote early greening and early trees. The optimum density of transplanting is 0.8-10.2 million plants per mu, which depends on the seedling situation and varieties. Fertilize (water) to take root after transplanting.

Third, on-site management

1. Check the seedlings to make up the gap.

After transplanting rape seedlings, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time to make up for the vacancy. Before winter, 0.5 kg boron fertilizer can be combined with soil root application 1 time.

2. Apply "three fertilizers"

The first is seedling fertilizer. 7~ 10 days after transplanting, irrigate 2 kilograms of urea per mu, or irrigate 0.6 tons of farm manure and human excrement and urine to do a good job in drought relief. Followed by wax fertilizer, the time is 65438+the end of February. 0.75t of decomposed pig cow dung or soil miscellaneous fertilizer 1 .25t, fireclay ash1ton, plant ash 0.1.05t. Finally, boron fertilizer can be sprayed before rape blossoms, and 0.2 kg borax and 30 kg water can be sprayed evenly on an acre of land.

3. Control seedling pests

Rape pests are mainly aphids, cabbage worms and other pests. When there are 65,438+00% aphids in the seedbed and 65,438+0-2 aphids per plant, spray with 65,438+0,000 times of 40% omethoate emulsion or 70% chlorpyrifos 65,438+0,000-65,438+. Before the 3rd instar, Pieris rapae was sprayed with 50% DDVP emulsion 1000 times solution or with 20% pyrethroid emulsion.

4. Prevention and treatment of seedling diseases

The common diseases of rape are Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani. In order to prevent seedling blight, carbendazim bed soil can be used for disinfection and medicinal soil for seed dressing. If the disease is in the early stage, it can be prevented and treated with hymexazol or pricking and antiviral alum spray. In order to prevent rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, 80% carbendazim, 65,438+0,000 times ultrafine powder or 400 times 40% polysulfide suspension can be sprayed in the field in March, and the secondary control can be carried out after 7 days. In addition, before the winter solstice, we can clean the ditches and drainage stains 1 time in time, and after the spring, the three ditches are connected, so that we can stop the fields in rainy days without accumulating water, reduce the humidity in the fields and prevent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

5. Prevent rape from flowering and bolting early.

In the process of rape planting management, it is easy to appear the tendency of early flowering and early moss before winter, so farmers should spray paclobutrazol as soon as possible to control it. If there are early flowers and early moss, you can pick the moss and flowers, and then topdressing nitrogen fertilizer according to the seedling situation. About 2-3 kilograms of urea can be applied to one acre of land.

Fourth, timely harvest.

About 30 days after the final flowering of rape, the whole rape is yellow-green, or when the pod at the base of its main inflorescence turns loquat yellow, or when the seed coat is dark brown, the rape is mature at this time, which is also the best time for its harvest. After the rape is harvested, it should be piled and dried manually, so as to ripen, dry, thresh and clean the seeds in time, which is convenient for later storage.