What kind of economy is digital economy?

The Concept of Digital Economy and Its Formation and Development

With the development and maturity of information technology and the increasing digitalization of economy and society, the connotation and category of "digital economy" have been further expanded on the basis of the early days. 20 16 The G-20 Hangzhou Summit adopted the G-20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative, which defined the digital economy as "a series of economic activities with the use of digital knowledge and information as the key production factors, the modern information network as the important carrier, and the effective use of information and communication technology as the important driving force for efficiency improvement and economic structure optimization". This definition is widely accepted.

Digital economy is an economic form in which data becomes a key factor of production. What is data? Digital data generated by information technology, such as oil in the industrial age or modern sunshine. As a factor of production, data has the characteristics of quantity accumulation, functional integration, separation of ownership, mobility of use, transaction value and information security.

The essential characteristics of digital economy. First of all, data information resources have gradually become new key resources; Second, digital technology innovation is the source of sustainable development of digital economy; Third, the network platform is the main industrial organization form of digital economy; Fourth, industrial integration is the main manifestation of digital economy; Fifth, pluralistic governance is an inevitable governance requirement in the era of digital economy.

Measurement of digital economy and industrial scope (three-ring model). The National Bureau of Statistics defines digital economy as a series of economic activities with data resources as the key production factor, modern information network as the important carrier, and the effective use of information and communication technology as the important driving force to improve efficiency and optimize economic structure.

From this definition, digital economy includes core basic software and hardware, network platform and industrial digitalization. The network drives down the development of core soft and hard technologies, and drives up the digitalization of industries to improve efficiency, becoming a new force to help the development of the real economy. In addition, the digital economy can be divided into two categories, one is industrial digitalization, and the other is digital industrialization.

Digital economy is a new development paradigm after agricultural economy and industrial economy. Data has become a new means of production. Technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence turn data into valuable services. Internet, mobile Internet and blockchain define a new cooperative relationship. All these have promoted the change of personal life and the digital transformation of government and enterprises. It can be seen that the essence of digital economy is a new economic form that makes full use of digital technology to give full play to the value of data.

Characteristics of digital economy

Characteristics of data elements. First, the initial fixed cost is high. This has led to the critical point of the scale of the digital economy. For example, a physical factory may generate revenue as soon as it starts, while a network platform enterprise will generate losses if it does not reach the critical point of scale; But if it reaches the critical point of scale, it may not make money, just like Yi Bei lost in the competition with Alibaba. Second, zero marginal cost. The third is the cumulative spillover effect.

The road of blockchain: reconstructing the production relations and governance mechanism in the information age. Software and algorithms define the mode of production, that is, big data is the means of production, cloud computing is the production tool, Internet, Internet of Things and communication network (5G) are the natural environment, artificial intelligence is the productivity, and blockchain is the production relationship. The governance mode is: information transmission, from serial mechanism to parallel mechanism; Information sharing, from discrete isolation to real-time synchronization; Trust mechanism, from trusting "people" to trusting "machines"; Object transfer, from information transfer to value transfer; Governance ability, from informatization to precision; The governance mechanism has changed from "traditional social governance" to "modern social governance". In this way, the social governance structure is flat and the governance service process tends to be transparent, such as "pocket government".

Four internal characteristics of network economy. First, network collaboration. Supply and demand/multi-parties use the Internet platform to promote "new species" through self-organized online interaction and cooperation. Second, data intelligence. The platform uses intelligent data technology to provide accurate prediction, thus improving the efficiency of supply and demand matching. Third, economies of scale. The network attracts hundreds of millions of users, presenting a "scale advantage" for the supply side, while taking into account personalization. Fourth, scope economy. The same network platform provides users with more and more data products and services, and the total cost of each product provided is lower than the sum of the costs of producing each product separately. In a word, platform economy is a new way of productivity organization and a new kinetic energy for economic development.

Development trend of digital economy

The global competition of digital economy presents a tripartite confrontation between China, Southeast Asia, America and Europe. At the same time, these three have their own emphasis. Specifically, China and Southeast Asia are innovative places for the use of digital economy, mainly at the user end; The United States is the highland of the initial digital economy and technology and the global market, mainly reflected in the head enterprises; The European circle is a relatively conservative digital economy governance rule, which is mainly reflected in the development mechanism.

Data drives endogenous high-quality growth. Because of the characteristics of data, the role of data elements in economic growth is different from that of traditional elements. Data can enter R &；; Ampd, production, supporting and other links provide new impetus for growth.

The key to developing digital economy lies in cultivating digital business ecology. In the digital economy, the industrial structure goes from supply chain to network platform to ecology, and the resulting business ecology becomes the unit of market competition in the digital economy.

At present, digital transformation is having an all-round and deep impact on productivity and production relations, which is of subversive significance for reshaping the future. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, digital technology and digital economy have played an important role in supporting the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic and restoring production and life. It is necessary to deeply understand the evolution trend and internal laws of the digital economy with a larger pattern, a higher position and a longer-term perspective, and promote the healthy development of the digital economy.

Note: The data in this article are provided by reporters.

(According to the lecture on "Strategic Thinking of Developing Digital Economy" by Xu, deputy director and professor of the Economics Department of the Central Party School (National School of Administration).

Related Q&A: Listed companies related to the concept of digital economy are: 1. Hubei Radio and Television: According to the quarterly report in the third quarter of 20021,Hubei Radio and Television achieved total revenue of 450 million yuan, gross profit margin of 18.04% and earnings per share of-0.120,000 yuan. From 2065438 to September 2003, the company signed a memorandum of cooperation with Cisco, and the two sides will explore the establishment of a joint laboratory for "digital home" applications, and further explore the "digital home" applications for the China market with the joint laboratory as a platform; Consider using the research results of "triple play" and the next generation broadcast and television network (NGB) to establish a new radio and television service experience center for "digital home". 2. Shennan Circuit: In the third quarter of 2002/KLOC-0, the company achieved total revenue of 3.875 billion yuan, gross profit margin of 24.55% and earnings per share of 0.95 million yuan. 3. Vertex Software: In the third quarter of 2002 1.2 1 billion, the company achieved total revenue and earnings per share of 0. 1.908 yuan. What is the digital economy? 1. Background At present, the global economy is becoming increasingly digital, and human society is entering a new stage marked by digitalization. Digital economy has become the main economic form in the world and the core driving force to promote China's economic and social development. The new generation of ICT technology has entered the mature stage of large-scale use. After decades of development, information and communication technology has entered a mature stage of large-scale diffusion and use. The integration of new generation information technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other social and economic industries has been deepening, which has effectively promoted the digital, networked and intelligent development of various industries and has become a powerful driving force for the development and change of the world economy and society. Digital economy accelerates the transformation of traditional economy and becomes the main economic form. Today's world has entered the stage of deep integration of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and real economy. The development of digital economy and the development of traditional economic forms are showing the form of "old and new interweaving and breaking", and the digital economy is accelerating the transformation of traditional economic models and becoming the core driving force to promote world economic and social development. Digital economy has become the core engine of China's economic development. Our country is experiencing an extensive and profound digital revolution. Data has become a key factor in connecting innovation, activating capital, cultivating talents, promoting industrial upgrading and economic growth. New digital infrastructure represented by 5G, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence and cloud computing is accelerating deployment and construction, and digital productivity is gradually taking shape. Digital economy has become the new kinetic energy of economic development in the new era and the main starting point of transformation and development. 2. Conceptual digital economy is an economic model that rises with the global digital wave in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. It is a series of economic activities with digital knowledge and information as key production factors, modern information network as an important carrier, and effective use of information and communication technology as an important driving force for efficiency improvement and economic structure optimization. The digital economy mainly has the following three characteristics: data becomes a key factor of production. The digital economy is first and foremost a data economy, and data is the first element of the digital economy. Human society uses massive data obtained in real time, including subject data, behavior data, transaction data and communication data to organize social activities such as production, sales, circulation, consumption, financing and investment, and data has become the key production factor of economic activities. Internet has changed the relations of production. Digital economy is a network economy, and the Internet is the basic carrier of digital economy. The infrastructure of digital economy is the ability, facilities and equipment of data collection, transmission, processing, analysis, utilization and storage, including the Internet, especially the mobile Internet, the Internet of Things, cloud computing and storage capabilities, computers, especially mobile intelligent terminals, and software platforms connecting them together. Artificial intelligence has greatly improved productivity. Digital economy is an intelligent economy, and artificial intelligence makes the data processing ability increase exponentially. Driven by "artificial intelligence+algorithm", digital simulation, knowledge model, physical model and other data models used in various fields are integrated to realize cross-border innovation and intelligent services and greatly enhance social productivity. Listed companies related to the concept of digital economy are: 1. The quarterly report of Hubei 200213 shows that Hubei Radio and Television has achieved a total revenue of 450 million yuan, a gross profit margin of 18.04% and earnings per share of-0.120,000 yuan. From 2065438 to September 2003, the company signed a memorandum of cooperation with Cisco, and the two sides will explore the establishment of a joint laboratory for "digital home" applications, and further explore the "digital home" applications for the China market with the joint laboratory as a platform; Consider using the research results of "triple play" and the next generation broadcast and television network (NGB) to establish a new radio and television service experience center for "digital home". 2. Shennan Circuit: In the third quarter of 2002/KLOC-0, the company achieved total revenue of 3.875 billion yuan, gross profit margin of 24.55% and earnings per share of 0.95 million yuan. 3. Vertex Software: In the third quarter of 2002 1.2 1 billion, the company achieved total revenue and earnings per share of 0. 1.908 yuan. What is the digital economy? 1. Background At present, the global economy is becoming increasingly digital, and human society is entering a new stage marked by digitalization. Digital economy has become the main economic form in the world and the core driving force to promote China's economic and social development. The new generation of ICT technology has entered the mature stage of large-scale use. After decades of development, information and communication technology has entered a mature stage of large-scale diffusion and use. The integration of new generation information technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other social and economic industries has been deepening, which has effectively promoted the digital, networked and intelligent development of various industries and has become a powerful driving force for the development and change of the world economy and society. Digital economy accelerates the transformation of traditional economy and becomes the main economic form. Today's world has entered the stage of deep integration of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and real economy. The development of digital economy and the development of traditional economic forms are showing the form of "old and new interweaving and breaking", and the digital economy is accelerating the transformation of traditional economic models and becoming the core driving force to promote world economic and social development. Digital economy has become the core engine of China's economic development. Our country is experiencing an extensive and profound digital revolution. Data has become a key factor in connecting innovation, activating capital, cultivating talents, promoting industrial upgrading and economic growth. New digital infrastructure represented by 5G, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence and cloud computing is accelerating deployment and construction, and digital productivity is gradually taking shape. Digital economy has become the new kinetic energy of economic development in the new era and the main starting point of transformation and development. 2. Conceptual digital economy is an economic model that rises with the global digital wave in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. It is a series of economic activities with digital knowledge and information as key production factors, modern information network as an important carrier, and effective use of information and communication technology as an important driving force for efficiency improvement and economic structure optimization. The digital economy mainly has the following three characteristics: data becomes a key factor of production. The digital economy is first and foremost a data economy, and data is the first element of the digital economy. Human society uses massive data obtained in real time, including subject data, behavior data, transaction data and communication data to organize social activities such as production, sales, circulation, consumption, financing and investment, and data has become the key production factor of economic activities. Internet has changed the relations of production. Digital economy is a network economy, and the Internet is the basic carrier of digital economy. The infrastructure of digital economy is the ability, facilities and equipment of data collection, transmission, processing, analysis, utilization and storage, including the Internet, especially the mobile Internet, the Internet of Things, cloud computing and storage capabilities, computers, especially mobile intelligent terminals, and software platforms connecting them together. Artificial intelligence has greatly improved productivity. Digital economy is an intelligent economy, and artificial intelligence makes the data processing ability increase exponentially. Driven by "artificial intelligence+algorithm", digital simulation, knowledge model, physical model and other data models used in various fields are integrated to realize cross-border innovation and intelligent services and greatly enhance social productivity.