Little knowledge of long-distance natural gas pipelines (who knows the exact definition of long-distance natural gas pipelines)

1. Who knows the exact definition of long-distance pipeline?

Long-distance pipelines are used to transport crude oil, refined oil, natural gas and various chemical products with fluid properties at room temperature.

The long-distance natural gas pipeline system usually consists of gathering pipeline network, natural gas purification equipment, gas transmission trunk line, compressor station, distribution valve chamber, gas distribution station (terminal pressure regulating and metering station), management and maintenance station, communication and remote control equipment, cathodic protection station (or other electrical protection devices) and pipeline accessories.

Most long-distance natural gas pipelines are buried underground, which is less restricted by terrain, occupies less land and has a large transportation volume. Moreover, the pipeline can shorten the transportation distance, ensure airtight safety, and the transportation is less affected by bad weather, which can run continuously and stably for a long time, with less oil and gas loss and less environmental pollution, and is easy to realize remote centralized monitoring and management.

Extended data

Strict pipeline route selection In pipeline route selection, first of all, we must strictly implement the relevant national and industrial design standards and norms, as well as national and local laws and regulations. At the same time, implement the principle of safety first, ensure the long-term safe and reliable operation of pipelines, optimize the comparison and selection in line selection, and eliminate unfavorable factors.

Choose a reasonable direction, handle the relationship with the existing pipeline, strive for a straight line, shorten the length of the line, and save steel and investment. Try to avoid construction difficulties, bad engineering geological sections and seismic active fault zones.

Secondly, under the condition of conforming to the general trend of the line, the crossing position of large and medium-sized rivers is reasonably selected. There are also routes that try to avoid nature reserves and cultural relics protection areas and pay attention to environmental protection and soil and water conservation. When it is impossible to avoid it, the length of the route should be shortened as much as possible and the consent of the competent department should be obtained.

Baidu encyclopedia-long distance pipeline

Who knows the exact definition of long-distance pipeline?

1. Long-distance pipelines, also known as gas transmission trunk lines, generally have four types: (1) pipelines from the primary pressure regulating metering station of natural gas transmission trunk lines in neighboring cities to urban gas distribution stations.

(2) pipelines from oil and gas gathering and transportation stations to urban gas distribution stations or from oil and gas compressor stations to urban gas distribution stations. (3) The pipeline from the gas gathering station of Kengkou Gas Plant to the maintenance station of the city or industrial base.

(four) the pipeline from the artificial gas plant, coking plant, petrochemical plant, oil refinery gas gathering station or mine gas transmission station to the urban storage and distribution station in the neighboring city. 2. composition.

The long-distance natural gas pipeline system usually consists of gathering and transportation pipeline network, natural gas purification equipment, gas transmission trunk line, compressor station, gas distribution station (terminal pressure regulating and metering station), management and maintenance station, communication and remote control equipment, cathodic protection station (or other electrical protection devices) and pipeline accessories. The fuel gas collected from the gas source is throttled and separated to remove free water, oil and mechanical impurities, and then enters the gas gathering station through the gas collector.

The gas from the gas gathering station enters the treatment plant for further purification, and then enters the first station, where it is dedusted and compressed and then transported to the gas transmission trunk line. If the initial pressure of gas is low, a compressor station should be set to increase the pressure. Ultra-high pressure gas is used in long-distance high-pressure gas pipeline, and the initial pressure of transportation is generally 1.0~2.5Mpa.

Usually, intermediate compressor stations are set at intervals to keep the constant gas transmission pressure of long-distance pipelines. 3. Pipeline system of the first station.

The main tasks of the first station are to keep the gas transmission pressure stable, adjust the gas pressure, measure the gas flow, and remove the liquid drops and mechanical impurities in the gas. 4. Distribution station piping system.

Gas distribution station (gate station), located at the terminal of long-distance pipeline, also called terminal pressure regulating metering station, is the gas source station of urban and industrial distribution network, and its main task is to transport the gas transported by long-distance pipeline. The gas is further dedusted in the station, and the pressure is adjusted to the pressure required by the urban high-voltage ring network or users. After being metered and odorized, it is sent to the pipe network of towns and industrial areas.

3. Composition of long-distance pipeline

The long-distance natural gas pipeline system usually consists of gathering pipeline network, natural gas purification equipment, gas transmission trunk line, compressor station, distribution valve chamber, gas distribution station (terminal pressure regulating and metering station), management and maintenance station, communication and remote control equipment, cathodic protection station (or other electrical protection devices) and pipeline accessories. The fuel gas collected at the gas source point is throttled to separate free water, oil and mechanical impurities, and then enters the gas gathering station through the gas collector. The natural gas from the gas gathering station enters the treatment plant for further purification, and then enters the first station, where it is dedusted, compressed and metered and then transported to the gas transmission trunk line. If the initial pressure of gas is low, a compressor station should be set to increase the pressure.

Ultra-high pressure gas transmission is used in long-distance high-pressure gas transmission pipeline, and the initial transmission pressure is generally 1.0~2.5Mpa. Intermediate compressor stations are usually set at intervals to maintain the constant gas transmission pressure of long-distance gas transmission pipeline.

4. Long-distance natural gas pipeline transportation

(1) Pipeline from oil and gas gathering station to urban gas distribution station or from oil and gas compressor station to urban gas distribution station.

(2) The pipeline from the gas gathering station of Kengkou Gas Plant to the maintenance station of the city or industrial base.

(3) The pipeline from the primary pressure regulating metering station adjacent to the urban natural gas transmission trunk line to the urban gas distribution station.

(four) the pipeline from the artificial gas plant, coking plant, petrochemical plant, oil refinery gas gathering station or mine gas transmission station to the urban storage and distribution station in the neighboring city.

5. How to eliminate potential safety hazards of long-distance pipelines?

1, do not understand the danger of long-distance pipelines. The long-distance pipeline will pass through houses, schools, factories and farmland, and the danger is self-evident.

However, due to ignorance of the technical specifications for pipeline safety, unclear characteristics of the hazards of conveying media, and insufficient understanding of the possible serious consequences of natural gas leakage, many people think that such a thick steel pipeline will not be an accident or a major event. This lack of safety knowledge, as well as ideological contempt and carelessness in behavior, are the root causes of pipeline safety hazards along the line.

2. After the third party's pipeline construction application is approved, the local * * * may plan and construct roads, product oil pipelines and other projects accordingly, resulting in the mutual influence of multiple linear projects, which is manifested in the short-distance parallel arrangement, crossing and laying of oil and gas pipelines in the same ditch. Because many projects belong to different construction units, it is impossible to carry out on-site construction at the same time, and the safety standards of design, construction and operation are different, and the safety distance is insufficient. Excavation destroys pipelines, and construction machinery and materials crush and blast buried pipelines. These hazards are the main reasons for the safety hazards of gas pipelines.

3. Natural factors of hydraulic protection are also important factors that affect the safe operation of pipelines. Rain erosion caused by natural factors such as rainy season and typhoon will lead to the collapse of soil and water conservation projects, insufficient buried depth of pipelines and even paralysis of pipelines.

In addition, the long interval between construction procedures will lead to the relative lag of protection measures and the construction quality does not meet the requirements of the code, which will become one of the reasons that affect the failure of hydraulic protection. 4. Anchoring and berthing around the submarine pipeline in the pipeline protection zone occur from time to time, which is more serious when a large number of ships take shelter from the wind in the bay during the typhoon, and there is still the danger of anchoring and damaging the submarine pipeline; The tidal range in the bay is large, so it is risky for ships to sit directly in the submarine pipeline at low tide; Taking sand, dredging and dumping dredged materials in protected areas may cause hidden dangers to the safe operation of pipelines.

5. Integrity management countermeasures 1. Submitted to Fujian Province the strategic measures promulgated by the Measures for the Protection of Oil and Gas Pipeline Facilities in Fujian Province, which provided a legal basis for pipeline integrity management; Formulate special emergency plans for pipelines and report them to relevant local departments for the record, so as to coordinate and utilize local resources in emergency response; Establish a working mode of combining pipeline protection professionals with local line inspectors. Problems that can be solved by the on-site line inspector shall be handled on the spot, those that cannot be solved shall be reported to the company, and those that the company cannot solve independently shall be submitted to the local coordination to ensure that the discovered safety hazards are solved in time; Sign an agreement with villages along the pipeline to protect the ancillary facilities of the pipeline.

2. Technical measures: organize the design, construction and operation units to conduct on-site safety hazard investigation of the pipeline, mainly to check whether the design meets the specifications, whether the construction unit works according to the drawings, whether the changes are carried out according to the procedures, and whether the operation meets the company's mode management requirements; Locate and map the completed pipelines and report to the local urban planning bureau for the record, so as to reduce and avoid the influence of new projects on the safe operation of pipelines. Moreover, on the basis of the original design, Fujian LNG Company added 450 warning signs in the first phase of the project, and the total number of pipeline signs reached 2,700, with an average of 1.30m, which enhanced the effect of prompting and warning and played an important role in preventing and reducing potential accidents.

3. Take construction management measures as planned to maintain the damaged ancillary facilities along the pipeline and protect the road sections with water and soil conservation requirements, with a vegetation restoration area of about 245,000m2; Strengthen the information communication with the expansion unit of Fuzhou-Xiamen Expressway, adhere to the management methods of verifying the drawings in advance, surveying and mapping the actual position of the pipeline during the event, and conducting process inspection and re-inspection afterwards to avoid the influence of expressway construction on the pipeline; Signed a safety protection agreement for Fujian LNG natural gas pipeline with the owner (supervisor and construction unit) of Sinopec product oil pipeline, and pipeline protection personnel and line inspectors supervised the construction throughout the whole process to avoid the influence of product oil pipeline construction on natural gas pipeline. 4. Special measures for the safety management of submarine pipelines: apply for the certificate of the right to use the Meizhou Bay submarine pipeline sea area, determine the legal status of legal users and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the company.

Submit the submarine pipeline route to the relevant management departments, and request to update the chart in time, so as to facilitate the ships to identify the protected targets in the bay. According to the requirements of navigation aid, permanent navigation AIDS, lamp posts and other navigation aid facilities are set up in the submarine protection zone to facilitate the passage of ships.

Set up special patrol personnel at the entrance and exit of submarine pipeline to master the ship dynamics around submarine pipeline, and ask the maritime department to eliminate the hazards in time when discovering the incidents that endanger the pipeline. Increase investment in safety, apply for special funds to support the Maritime Safety Administration to equip maritime patrol boats, build a VTS (Ship Traffic Control System) in Meizhou Bay, provide convenient conditions from law enforcement means and supervision means, and promote the safety management of submarine pipelines.

Issue permanent navigational notices according to the protection scope of submarine pipelines, and correctly fulfill specific notification obligations. Cooperate with regulatory agencies to strengthen the safety management of passing and operating ships in the bay; Remind ships in the bay to pay attention to the protection of submarine pipelines; Avoid the passive situation that may be caused by the failure to perform the obligation of notification correctly when a general accident dispute occurs.

5. Daily maintenance and publicity measures employ line inspectors to inspect the pipeline every day; Customize the GPS pipeline inspection system to supervise the inspection time, location and frequency of line inspectors online. Take various forms and channels to publicize and popularize natural gas safety knowledge and raise safety awareness.

Distribute LNG safety manuals, LNG safety technical specifications and LNG product labels to users; Make a propaganda film on pipeline protection and broadcast it on local TV stations and villages along the pipeline; 5000 copies of the propaganda calendar for pipeline protection and 654.38+0,000 copies of the Interim Measures for the Protection of Oil and Gas Pipeline Facilities in Fujian Province were distributed in villages along the pipeline; Distribute cards and other cultural and sporting goods related to pipeline protection. 6. Intrinsic safety measures In addition to the intrinsic safety management in the design and construction stages, measures such as pipeline cleaning, deformation detection, corrosion detection and cathodic protection detection can be taken during the operation period to ensure the integrity management of pipelines and achieve the purpose of safe operation.