How to guide students' autonomous learning and self-management

Guiding students' autonomous learning and self-management skills;

First, cultivate interest and establish good study habits.

Ye Shengtao has repeatedly emphasized the role of habits in learning, holding that "education is to cultivate habits" and that "teachers should teach, not give them all, but use cameras to induce them", that is, "autonomous learning". Good study habits are an important factor for students' progress and growth, and habits are gradually formed and cultivated in the process of life and education. To let students learn independently, we must first cultivate their interest in learning. We have all had this experience: when we work to forget ourselves, time passes quickly and happily. Mihaly, head of the Cultural Research Group of the Media Laboratory of MIT, mentioned that if people have experienced the taste of forgetting themselves for the sake of interest since childhood, they will feel happy and have been actively looking for this kind of fun. Therefore, if children can start from hobbies, for example, children who like to solve math problems can do more challenging problems; Encourage children who like writing to contribute actively after school. This can inspire their spirit of selflessness and conquest, and over time, they will take the initiative to experience this feeling. Another example is to link some formulas with knowledge and things in life to make them feel familiar and cordial; Avoid impetuousness and guide them to see its true connotation through superficial knowledge. When they really think and solve problems through their own efforts, when they have a sense of accomplishment, they will feel the joy of learning. In this process, teachers need to give children timely and appropriate appreciation. In addition, don't attach too much importance to academic performance. As long as he works hard, don't blame him even if his grades are not ideal. You might as well kindly say to him, "The teacher is looking forward to your next performance." Their self-growth is accomplished in such encouragement and expectation. Cultivating interest means cultivating in participation and improving in success. Therefore, teachers should respect students' personalities according to their different hobbies and encourage them to succeed every time, which is different. If you are "happy in your heart", it will inevitably arouse students' great interest in learning, and then they can learn independently and fully.

Second, create a relaxed and independent learning environment and establish an equal and interactive relationship between teachers and students.

Teachers' attitude and management style should help to form a safe and warm psychological environment. Respect every student, pay attention to every request and question they put forward, and give timely help and guidance. I think only respect can be equal and harmony can be relaxed. Only in a relaxed, independent, cheerful and cooperative atmosphere can students' enthusiasm, initiative and creativity be greatly mobilized. In a relaxed and harmonious learning atmosphere, students are willing to think, explore problems and dare to express their ideas. Democratic, equal and harmonious classroom learning environment is the premise for students to dare to study independently and fully display their individuality. Therefore, in classroom teaching, teachers should not only use the information transmission of knowledge, but also use the exchange of caring eyes, kind words, humorous language, clever scenes and other emotional information to establish an equal and interactive relationship between teachers and students, so that students can dare to speak, think, do and ask in a relaxed and happy atmosphere, provide students with the space to dare to learn independently and lay the foundation for their "autonomous learning".

In addition, I think teachers should not just teach students 1+ 1=2, but should be thoughtful teachers, who should not only know what to teach, but also know how to teach and why. Teachers should not only be "spokesmen" and "always correct guides", nor lofty experts, but students' learning friends and guides, and should respect students' dominant position in learning. To be students' learning friends and instructors, teachers need to truly grasp the characteristics, key points and difficulties of subject teaching and learning, grasp the students' learning situation, integrate knowledge, and then explore learning with students. At the same time, teachers must change their roles and let students take the initiative to acquire knowledge. In this kind of classroom teaching, students are always discoverers, researchers and operators, which realizes the fundamental transformation of teachers' role to organizers, guides, participants and collaborators of activities. Based on students' all-round development, we should establish students' dominant position in the process of learning activities, accurately grasp teachers' "role" in mathematics activities, and put teachers' position in teaching activities.

For example, Confucius said: "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be unwilling. If you don't take the three corners, you will never be back. " Confucius introduced his educational experience here. He doesn't think that a teacher can have a good teaching effect by instilling knowledge into students at once, but thinks that the key is how to inspire students to think and ponder for themselves. Instead of asking the teacher to draw inferences from one instance and repeatedly assign them to the students, it inspires the students to draw inferences from another instance. To do this, we must adhere to a principle: don't tell students the answers easily, don't think too much about them, and don't instill standard answers in them. I think this is worthy of our teachers' thinking and reference in today's teaching. If you simply instill ready-made answers into students during lectures, students often only know what it is, don't know why, and even lack the ability to use it flexibly and think independently. Smart teachers often start by asking questions or playing games when teaching new lessons to students. On the one hand, it is easy to concentrate students' thoughts, on the other hand, it can also inspire students. It is an active, autonomous and metacognitive learning, which conforms to the new educational concept of changing students' learning methods and adopting autonomous learning advocated by the new curriculum standards. In the process of students' autonomous learning, teachers, as organizers and instructors of students' learning activities, should take effective ways and methods to mobilize students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning and guide students to become masters of their own learning. Only in this way can they make greater progress and growth.

Third, make use of multilateral interaction to make students become the masters of learning.

Modern teaching advocates multilateral interaction between teachers, students and students. I think the following methods might as well try:

1. Let children know their learning goals and ways to achieve them.

Michelle Whitney, a doctor of clinical psychology in the United States, suggested in "Children, you are enlightened" that children should think about long-term and short-term goals and try to make their own plans. However, Whitney suggested that children can decide when to implement or terminate the program. Of course, parents should restrain their children's plans and add some terms, such as coming home on time every day, doing homework first, and not being distracted when studying. "The plan itself does not necessarily enable children to achieve a certain goal, but depends on whether they can successfully follow the plan and stick to it." Whitney said that if you persist, children will feel that the initiative of learning is in their own hands, and let them see that they have the ability and confidence to achieve their goals, which will stimulate the initiative of spontaneous learning.

2. Know your child's strengths and weaknesses.

If children are not good at math, but good at Chinese, teachers should not force them to learn both subjects well, but should hold the idea that "the advantages are better and the weak grades are just right". Just like a teacher, in order to encourage those children with artistic expertise to feel love and trust actively, he hangs pictures of these children at home to make them feel a sense of accomplishment. At the same time, teachers often praise these children for their future success in painting. This will enable children to play their advantages more actively. In addition, they will not allow their weaknesses to be too bad, and will also study hard in other subjects.

3. Let autonomous learning become the motivation of children's learning, which also requires the cooperation of parents.

I think some parents' behavior of standing up for their children when they are young makes them lose their interest and motivation in autonomous learning. Parents' care for their children is understandable, but it must not be excessive. Parents are advised to do three things: first, let children finish their homework independently and inspire them to understand the true happiness of learning; Second, correct children's learning attitude and let them know that learning is their own responsibility. Parents are irreplaceable in learning from teachers and books; Third, encourage children to learn to bear hardships. No matter how late they do their homework, they should be encouraged to teach themselves. If you still don't understand after repeated thinking, parents may wish to give their children some inspiration or encourage them to discuss with their classmates.

In the process of students' autonomous learning, teachers should become organizers and guides, and guide students' autonomous learning correctly and timely, so that students' autonomous learning is no longer just a unilateral matter for students, but a bridge and link between teachers and students. As long as the teacher can treat every mistake of the students with a tolerant attitude; Waiting for students' progress with great expectation; Pay attention to every bright spot of students with appreciation; Praise students' every success with joy, design every classroom teaching link with scientific research, and students' conscious and active learning will be gradually realized.