Promote Mandarin handwritten newspapers

1. Promote Mandarin slogans

(1) The state promotes Mandarin that is commonly used throughout the country

(2) Actively popularize national synonyms and strengthen the Chinese nation Cohesion

(3) Love the national flag, sing the national anthem, and speak Mandarin

2. A brief introduction to Mandarin

The word "Mandarin" appeared as early as the late Qing Dynasty. In 1902, scholar Wu Rulun went to Japan for inspection. The Japanese suggested to him that China should promote Mandarin education to unify the language. The name "Putonghua" was mentioned during the conversation. In 1904, when Qiu Jin, a modern female revolutionary, studied in Japan, she organized a "speech liaison meeting" with students studying in Japan and drafted a brochure, in which the name "Putonghua" appeared. In 1906, Zhu Wenxiong, a scholar who studied Qieyin characters, divided Chinese into "Guowen" (classical Chinese), "Putonghua" and "Vulgar Language" (dialect) in the book "Jiangsu New Alphabet". He not only proposed the name "Putonghua" , and clearly defined "Putonghua": "the language commonly spoken in all provinces."

Through the vernacular movement, popular language movement and Mandarin movement since the "May 4th" movement, the status of Beijing pronunciation has been established and Consolidate it. In 1949, the newly established central government in Beijing determined that the modern standard Chinese language would be changed from Guoyu to Mandarin.

3. Implementation

Source: Modern Chinese standard language, bred in the Central Plains Mandarin of the Central Plains (so modern people can generally rhyme with Tang poetry, Song lyrics and Yuan music), from "Tang Yun" In the Song Dynasty, "Guangyun" was inherited, and in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was the "mandarin" system. Nanjing was established as the capital in the early Ming Dynasty, and Nanjing Mandarin was highly regarded as the official language. Jinling Yayin (with "Hongwu Zhengyun" as the norm) was established as the standard pronunciation of Chinese Chinese as the orthodox direct descendant of the ancient Central Plains Yayan. Zhu Di seized the throne of Emperor Jianwen and moved the capital to Peiping (renamed the capital, called Beijing). Most of them were Nanjing people, and hundreds of thousands of nobles, wealthy households, and people moved from all over the country. Taking Nanjing Mandarin as the main basis, it influenced the pronunciation of Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty. After the entire Ming Dynasty, Beijing Mandarin (different from Beijing Hutong pronunciation) initially took shape.

The nobles of the Qing Dynasty studied and promoted Beijing Mandarin. During the Yongzheng period, Mandarin based on Beijing pronunciation was promoted in the southern dialect areas and the "Zhengyin Library" was established. In 1909 AD, the Qing government established the "Guoyu Editing and Review Committee" and officially named the Mandarin in common use at that time Guoyu. This is the first time that Chinese has been officially named during the Qing Dynasty.

After the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, the "Chinese Pronunciation Unification Conference" was held in Peking in February of the following year to formulate the national pronunciation system known as the old Guoyin in history, and determined that "Beijing pronunciation is the main one. The national pronunciation of "taking into account both the north and the south" has an entering tone. At the same time, the first form of phonetic alphabet was formulated. In May 1932, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China officially announced and published the "Vocabulary of Commonly Used Chinese Pronunciation", which provided a model for establishing the standards of the Chinese language and became the first system of modern Chinese standards - the Guoyu system.

In 1955, it was determined that the modern standard Chinese name would be changed from Mandarin to Mandarin, and it would be written into the Constitution as the common national language. After the standards were formulated, the State Council issued the "Instructions on Promoting Mandarin" on February 6, 1956, to National promotion.