How to improve the survival rate of tree planting

Improving the survival rate of tree planting is an important content of tree planting now. I'll tell you how to improve the survival rate of planting trees.

Basic principles of improving the survival rate of tree planting

Adhere to the basic principle of adapting trees to the right place. When selecting tree species, we should choose suitable tree species according to the ecological environment of the planting area, that is, the living environment such as climate and soil that is conducive to tree growth, so as to meet the requirements of tree growth.

Improving the survival rate of tree planting: the selection of seedlings prepared in the early stage

Usually, high-quality seedlings with strong growth, developed root system, thick ground diameter, short internodes, full terminal buds, no water loss and beautiful appearance should be selected for garden production. The leaves on the trunk and branches of seedlings are thick green and shiny. The seedling age is generally 1 ~ 4 years. Irrigation should be sufficient before emergence to prevent young roots from being broken by dry soil. When raising seedlings, damage the root system as little as possible, keep the root system intact, and transport it to the planting place quickly. For evergreen tree species and a few precious deciduous tree species, it is best to use soil ball seedling raising method. The size of soil balls is related to the height of plants and the diameter of trees. When transplanting large seedlings, the diameter of soil ball is generally 2 ~ 3 times of the head diameter of the plant. When bare roots can survive, try not to transplant without soil balls. For seedlings that need long-distance transportation, it is best to dip the roots in mud and wrap them with wet grass to prevent the roots from losing water.

time management

In order to ensure the survival of trees, it must be based on the natural conditions of each region and the ecological habits of each tree species. Choose the most suitable season for planting. It is better to plant in spring in the north, in late autumn and early winter in the south and in rainy season in the southwest.

land smoothing

Before planting trees, the land must be leveled. Although the ecological habits of trees are different from those of crops, the requirement for soil is still intensive cultivation. In particular, the site of greening construction is often not cultivated land, which requires more thorough ploughing, with a depth of about 45 cm, to loosen the soil and increase the water storage capacity of the land. It is necessary to carefully prepare the soil, keep the land flat, coordinate the ditch system, and ensure smooth drainage and irrigation, otherwise the trees will not take root and affect their survival. Adopt the requirements of furrow planting to form a horizontal ditch, which is convenient for irrigation and beautiful.

Improving the survival rate of tree planting: digging, packing, transporting trees, digging and soil ball treatment

In order to ensure the survival rate of transplanted trees, seedlings should be transplanted with soil balls. Generally, the soil ball is determined to be 8 times to 10 times of DBH (at 1.3 m) (deciduous trees can also be raised in the open field, and the root length is also 8 times to 10 times of DBH), and the minimum soil ball is not less than 30 cm~40 cm. Dig vertically down the outer ring along the specified root width. In the process of excavation, when encountering thick roots, use a hand saw to cut them off to avoid root splitting. When the lateral roots are all cut off, push down the tree, cut off the main roots, try not to hurt the root bark and fibrous roots and keep the original soil. For those who can't bring complete soil balls, cut off the old roots and rotten roots of plants. Immerse the bare roots in the soil, and then wrap them in wet grass and straw bags. Before loading, cut off the yellow branches and leaves, and then cut off some stems according to the integrity of the soil ball, so that it can be cut off, combined with pruning and shaping methods to ensure its survival to the maximum extent.

In addition, for mycorrhizal trees represented by Pinus yunnanensis, the size and integrity of soil balls should be ensured as much as possible. Conditional, you can also take its original root soil and fill it into the hole of the transplanted tree to facilitate the growth of the transplanted tree.

Matters needing attention in transportation and fake sandalwood

Precautions for transportation: Before transporting seedlings, the roots should be treated with mud. When transporting, it is forbidden to transport bare roots, especially coniferous seedlings. Single plant packaging should be implemented, and the roots can be packaged in wet straw bags. In order to prevent the seedlings from getting hot during transportation and from being exposed to the sun for a long time or being too solid, stop in the shade. When the transportation distance is long, it is necessary to water frequently on the way, and the big seedlings must be cultivated to keep the water content in the seedlings at the highest level.

Heel insertion: If the seedlings cannot be planted in time, heel insertion is needed to prevent the roots from losing moisture and vitality. The heel should be dug into the ditch in a cool and well-drained place. The specifications of the ditch are 30cm~ deep to 50cm wide, and the length depends on the number of seedlings. Arrange the seedlings in bundles in the ditch, cover the root system and the lower part of the seedling stem with wet soil, and step on them to prevent ventilation and water loss. During seedling planting, attention should be paid to frequent watering and nursing. Generally, conifers are completely buried, that is, all trees are buried in human soil; Broadleaf trees generally account for 2/3 of the total.

A bag of trees

In the process of transplanting, the towel will moisturize the trunk to reduce its water evaporation, which will be more conducive to improving the survival rate of tree transplantation. At present, there are roughly three methods to moisturize the trunk, which should be properly selected according to the specific situation in actual operation: ① directly wrap the trunk with straw curtain or straw, and then spray the straw wet, or soak the straw curtain or straw before wrapping it; (2) firstly, tie the trunk tightly with thick straw rope, pour the straw rope into water, and tie a plastic film outside to keep moisture; (3) In order to ensure that the landscape effect is not affected by the wrapping of grass, a layer of coarse white linen can be wrapped around the trunk and trees after the wrapping of grass, so that the town can be in harmony with the environment. Let the film spread out under the trunk without new soil balls, cover it with plastic film, cover it with water and hold it down with soil. This can not only reduce the evaporation of water from trunks and branches, but also store a certain amount of water. But also can adjust the temperature of the branches, ensure that the space of the wrapped trunk and branches has enough temperature and humidity, and save the labor of supplementary watering.

Improve the survival rate of planting trees: before planting trees, prune roots and branches to reduce the evaporation of water from trees and ensure the survival and balanced growth of trees. The pruning amount varies according to different tree benefits and landscape requirements. First of all, the branches and roots inadvertently caused during transportation should be trimmed. Under the condition of not affecting the overall tree shape, the branches are thinned. The fallen roots lose their absorption function, the wound is not easy to heal, and a lot of nutrients are consumed, so these roots should be cut off. Too long roots are easy to nest when planted, which is not conducive to survival. The electricity should be trimmed properly to keep the normal length. For broadleaf trees, especially large seedlings, the roots are damaged when they are raised, so branches should be trimmed appropriately to reduce the water consumption of the aboveground parts of seedlings and alleviate the contradiction between absorption and demand. Strong cutting, leaf picking, bud smearing, branch thinning and leaf picking are carried out on evergreen trees to improve the survival rate; However, evergreen conifers should not be cut more, only pests, dead branches, weak branches, over-dense whorls and drooping branches should be cut off.

Improve the survival rate of planting trees: when planting trees in suitable places, we should consider the color, shape and charm of branches and leaves, which not only plays a beautification role; We should also consider the special role of trees in anti-pollution, anti-virus and air purification; It is important to consider whether the tree species adapt to the soil properties, so as to be suitable for trees in the right place, which is an important link to improve the survival rate of tree planting. Willow, for example, has strong moisture resistance and is widely cultivated and distributed. Such as elm, pine, cypress, Vitex negundo and rhododendron can be planted in poor soil; Poplar, Juglans mandshurica, basswood and paulownia can be planted in thick soil layer; Saline-alkali land can be improved and replaced by soil. Plant salt-tolerant tree species, such as willow, seabuckthorn, Elaeagnus angustifolia, elm, Populus simonii, willow, Populus davidiana, Acer negundo, Amorpha fruticosa, etc. Poplar, willow, paulownia, Robinia pseudoacacia, elm, Ailanthus altissima, willow, Sophora japonica and other trees should be planted in plain areas. Tree species such as Pinus densiflora, Pinus tabulaeformis, Larix gmelinii, Quercus acutissima and Pterocarya stenoptera should be planted in the sandy land. When planting trees around, we should pay attention to the combination of greening and beautification to increase economic benefits. We can plant Populus tomentosa, hybrid poplar, Sophora japonica, Ailanthus altissima, Elm, Willow and Melia azedarach. You can choose jujube, grape, Chinese toon, national ghost, paulownia, elm and other tree species in front of and behind the house.

Methods to improve the survival rate of planting trees in spring (1) to prevent seedlings from losing too much water.

1. Before emergence, the nursery should be watered enough to make the seedlings absorb enough water, which is convenient for emergence and reduces the damage to the roots.

2. Choose windless weather (preferably cloudy) to start raising seedlings, which can reduce the water loss of seedlings.

3. In order to reduce the water consumption after seedling emergence, 20cm should be reserved for drying according to the requirements of seedling use.

4. Bundle in time. Twenty-five jujube seedlings were tied after drying, dipped in 2%-3% soil water-retaining agent mud or 500 times methyl thiophanate mud, then lined with plastic film, and the lower parts of the seedlings were tightly wrapped with woven bags. It is best to pack all the seedlings conditionally.

5. Transport the packaged seedlings to a cool place in time and cover them with tarpaulins for temporary storage. Before covering the seedlings with tarpaulins, water should be sprayed on the seedlings to prevent them from drying.

6. When transporting seedlings, it is best to transport seedlings with container trucks or covered canvas trucks. Do not have the conditions, use trucks to transport seedlings, and cover them tightly with tarpaulin after loading to prevent water loss.

7. Soak in water before planting. Where conditions permit, the seedlings can be soaked in 2/3 of the height of the seedlings. According to the length of time after the seedlings are transported to the planting site, 1? Three days. If the seedlings have been dipped in mud, packed and transported well, and the water loss of the seedlings is not serious, they can be planted directly without soaking.

8. The seedlings that are not dipped in mud after emergence are disinfected at the roots after soaking, and then dipped in water-retaining agent mud; During the transportation and planting of seedlings from the storage place to the planting place, seedlings should also be covered to prevent water loss due to wind, rain and sun exposure, which will affect their survival.

(2) Cultivating high-quality seedlings

The main technology is to control seedling density and yield 4000 seedlings per mu? 000 strains are suitable; Second, it is necessary to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer in the nursery to achieve strong seedlings. The thickness above the grafting site 10cm is preferably above 0.8cm.

(3) Ensure that the root system of seedlings is in good condition.

A complete seedling root system is the key to the survival, early development and rapid growth of jujube seedlings. Two aspects should be paid attention to in production: First, when using Ziziphus jujuba seeds to raise seedlings, because Ziziphus jujuba roots are straight roots and lateral roots are underdeveloped, it can be used in Ziziphus jujuba seedlings 2? When the leaves are true, transplanting or cutting off the main roots is adopted to promote the development of its lateral roots, so that the jujube seedlings in the nursery have 3? Lateral root; Secondly, when raising seedlings, try to dig a big pit and dig deeper to ensure that the root system is intact.

(4) The planting pit should be dug in time, the pit size should be appropriate, and the backfill soil should be practical.

Under the premise of drought and water shortage, it is not advisable to dig tree pits too early and too much. Dig a hole too early, and the soil will dry when planting trees. Therefore, when planting trees in dry land, dig a pit with the planting of trees; If you dig too many pits and don't have enough water for irrigation, you can't guarantee survival. When planting jujube seedlings in dry land, it is advisable to dig a pit with a square of 40cm, and it is advisable to dig a pit with a square of 60-80 in irrigated land; It is worth noting that backfill soil should be practical when planting trees, which can not only save water, but also closely combine the root system of jujube seedlings with soil.

(5) Leave enough trees.

When planting jujube in winter crops such as rape and wheat, you must leave enough trees or planting belts. At least 100- 150 cm2 should be reserved for tree trays and planting belts.

(6) Timely and reasonable drying. It should be aired in time after emergence and before bundling. If you want to use the buds on the trunk of the seedlings as scions, you should fix the stems at the latest before planting: the reasonable fixing of the stems is to determine the height of the fixed stems according to the watering situation during planting. Generally speaking. If the watering conditions are good, the dry height is 60-70 cm; The watering conditions are general, and the dry height is 40-50 cm. If the watering conditions are not good, it is advisable to set the stem at 20-30cm.

After the stem is fixed, the remaining secondary branches should be cut short. According to the watering situation, 3-4 sections, 1-2 sections or all secondary branches can be cut off from the base, leaving only the trunk with a certain height. Cutting of secondary branches can also be carried out after emergence and before bundling.

(seven) try to shorten the storage time of seedlings.

Practice has proved that after emergence in spring, with the extension of seedling protection time. The survival rate after planting is decreasing day by day. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust seedlings in a planned way and shorten the storage time of seedlings as much as possible: soaking and stacking in spring+sprinkling+covering. When using these two methods to temporarily store seedlings, the storage time of the former method shall not exceed 3 days, and the latter method shall not exceed 5 days.

(eight) choose the right planting time.

Jujube trees can be planted in winter and spring on the premise of wintering protection in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. If the planting task is big and the freezing injury is light in winter, winter planting can be carried out from late defoliation to freezing period (165438+1mid-late October). In order to prevent the strong cold current from cooling down in individual years, jujube seedlings should be protected in winter when planting. If the factors such as labor saving and freezing injury prevention are considered, planting in spring can be done. The specific time of planting in spring is from vernal equinox (late March) to Qingming (early April) before jujube germination.

(9) Improve water conservancy conditions and ensure water demand.