What local resources in Yongzhou reflect traditional Chinese culture?

Yongzhou, known as Lingling in ancient times, has beautiful scenery and is famous both at home and abroad as "Splendid Xiaoxiang". It is a famous historical and cultural city in Hunan Province. It has a long history, numerous ethnic minorities, undulating mountains, and a pleasant climate. It often has the footprints of literati and poets, leaving a large amount of cultural heritage for the Yongzhou area. When vigorously developing the tourism industry, how to tap the potential value of tourism culture, transform it into tourism products, and then enhance the cultural connotation of tourism products is the key to developing Yongzhou City's tourism culture.

The cultural heritage of Yongzhou City can reflect the ideology and spiritual outlook of Yongzhou people at that time in some aspects, and contains infinite wisdom and spiritual power. To value it means to value the role of consciousness. Consciousness can actively act on matter, that is, it can help us actively transform Yongzhou society and create greater social material wealth and spiritual wealth. The development of Yongzhou City does not hinder the accumulation of material and spiritual wealth, so developing and protecting the cultural heritage of Yongzhou City can help us develop Yongzhou. Understanding the history and culture of Yongzhou can enhance the pride of our citizens and greatly improve the cultural civilization of Yongzhou. It is also of great significance to the entire country.

(1) Analysis and investigation of cultural heritage protection and development status in Yongzhou City

A is rich in tourism cultural resources

(1) It has a long history and numerous cultural landscapes. Yongzhou has many historical celebrities, such as Emperor Shun, Liu Zongyuan, Huai Su, Zhou Dunyi, Huang Tingjian, etc.; it also has rich local culture, such as Shun culture, Liu culture, stele culture, Nüshu culture, cursive script culture, etc. In addition, Yongzhou has more than 2,000 ancient mausoleums, temples, pagodas, pavilions and bridges formed over the past dynasties, and 238 of them have been listed as key cultural relics protection units by the country, provinces and counties.

(2) Beautiful scenery and unique natural landscape. Yongzhou is famous for its beautiful mountains and rivers. Xiaoshui River cuts vertically from north to south, and Xiangjiang River crosses from west to east. Four national forest parks, namely Jiuyi Mountain, Yangming Mountain, Shunhuang Mountain and Jindong Forest Farm, are distributed within the territory. The entire territory is a typical karst landform, with alternating mountains and rivers, and unique scenery.

The following members of this group personally investigated the current status of tourism resources in Yongzhou City, as shown in the picture below

Yangmingshan has fertile soil and rich resources, and is listed as a provincial nature reserve. The mountain is rich in bamboo and is known as the Bamboo Forest Sea. There are vast tracts of secondary forests of the East China yellow cedar, which is rare in China, and the white pheasant, which is on the verge of extinction, sometimes walks and flies in the mountains. Other rare medicinal materials, rare birds and animals, there are so many kinds that it is difficult to remember them all. It is a veritable treasure house of flora and fauna. The majestic Yangmingshan Mountain is an unforgettable destination. Climb Gaoqiao Peak and overlook the surroundings. You can have a panoramic view of the ancient city of Yongzhou, winding Xiaoxiang and Xiangxiang. Yanghe Mountain is covered with clouds, as quiet as an ancient secluded place;

Shunhuangshan National Forest Park is divided into three major scenic spots: Jiacheng River, Zihuaping and Shunhuang Peak, with more than 100 scenic spots. The landforms are diverse and the forest landscape is unique. There are 30,000 acres of primary forest, which is the richest animal and plant gene bank in our province.

(3) There are many ethnic minorities and the folk customs are simple. There are 29 ethnic groups in Yongzhou, mainly Han, Yao and Zhuang. This makes Yongzhou's folk culture have a long history, rich local flavor and strong appeal to the outside world.

The analysis of minority culture in Yongzhou City is as follows:

Nüshu Cultural Village is located in Shangjiangwei Town, Jiangyong County, Hunan Province. The county seat is 13 kilometers away. Nüshu, this kind of female writing called "Nan Chuqi" by experts, has been gradually recognized since it was made public in the 1980s. It is the only female writing discovered by mankind. It is said to have special significance and research value for philology, linguistics, women's studies and even history, archaeology, human and ethnic studies and other disciplines. Features: It is the location of the only female writing discovered by humans. It is said to have special significance and research value for philology, linguistics, women's studies, and even history, archeology, ethnography and other disciplines. Tour routes: There are three tourist attractions in Pumei Village, Jingtian Village and Tongkou Village

The unique artistic characteristics of Wuxi Stele Forest and the artistic, literary and aesthetic value of each stele in the historical period. He has made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese calligraphy art.

The calligraphy and inscription works of the Wuxi Forest of Steles in various eras, as well as the evaluation and praise of the Wuxi Forest of Steles by calligraphers and calligraphers of all ages, confirm that the Wuxi Stele Inscriptions occupy an important historical position in the history of calligraphy art.

B Tourism infrastructure and tourism service facilities are becoming increasingly improved

1. Tourism infrastructure is gradually improving. (1) Yongzhou City’s road system is becoming increasingly perfect and traffic conditions have been improved. There are three major transportation arteries in the territory: Luo-Zhan Railway, Heng-Zao Expressway, and Yong-Lian Highway. The location advantages are gradually emerging. (2) Relevant supporting facilities have been significantly improved. Yongzhou City has complete water supply, electricity and gas systems and good environmental sanitation, which provides a good external environment for the development of tourism activities in Yongzhou City.

2． Tourism service facilities are developing rapidly. The city currently has 19 travel agencies of various types, including 2 international travel agencies; 20 star-rated hotels, including 1 four-star hotel and 3 three-star hotels; and 1 provincial tourism and catering demonstration site.

C has initially formed a relatively complete tourism operation and management network

Yongzhou has initially formed Zhishan Liu Culture, Jiuyi Mountain Shun Culture, Yangmingshan Buddhist Culture, and Wuxi Ancient Calligraphy Stele Forest Nine major scenic spots and tourist areas, including Jianghua Jiangyong Yao Culture, Daozhou Lianxi Hometown, Baili Pinghu in the central city and Shunhuang Mountain Ecological Tourism Area, have basically formed a relatively complete tourism operation and management network.

(2) Related issues and measures regarding the investigation of cultural heritage protection and development status in Yongzhou City

First, the protection of cultural heritage is the prerequisite for reasonable development. Through radio and television and other media Propaganda means to improve people's understanding and understanding of traditional culture, and create a good atmosphere in the whole society of respecting and loving traditional culture and actively participating in protection and rescue.

Second, for cultural heritage that can meet the standards of "World Heritage", we should actively participate in the application for inclusion, and provide behavioral guidelines for the protection and development of domestic cultural heritage with a global perspective and standards.

Third, reasonably regulate the responsibilities and behaviors of local governments in the protection and development of cultural heritage. Any acts of destruction or excessive development are strictly prohibited. A leadership accountability system must be implemented for major cultural heritage damage incidents within the jurisdiction.

Fourth, reasonable and effective use of market means to appropriately develop cultural heritage is not only conducive to expanding publicity and increasing income, but also the basis for further protection of cultural heritage; resolutely put an end to the use of vulgar market means to operate traditional culture.

Fifth, on the basis of expanding financial support for cultural heritage protection and development, actively guide the parallel flow of social funds to form a multi-subject cultural heritage protection and development pattern;

Sixth, establish and improve laws and regulations for the protection and development of cultural heritage, strengthen punishment for damage and over-exploitation of cultural heritage, and ensure that there are laws to abide by, laws must be followed, violations must be investigated, and law enforcement must be strict.

Seventh, we should actively summarize the experience of cultural heritage protection and development. Positive experiences at home and abroad should be optimized and promoted based on the actual conditions of various places, and we should carefully summarize the lessons learned from setbacks.

(3) Special investigation on cultural heritage in Daoxian County, Yongzhou City

1. Investigation background

On August 17, the "Hunan Cultural Heritage" held in Yongzhou City, Hunan Province The Jiangxi-Guangdong-Guangxi Archaeological Summit Forum learned that a huge group of ancient stone statues larger than the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shihuang were discovered deep in the Nanling Mountains in Dao County, Yongzhou City.

The Guizailing sacrificial site where the stone statues are located is located one kilometer south of Tianguangdong Village, Xianglinpu Town, Dao County, Hunan Province, and belongs to the Nanling Mountains. Its central location is 35 kilometers away from the Mausoleum of Emperor Shun on Jiuyi Mountain. Gui Zai Ridge is named after the nearly 10,000 stone statues above and below ground. The locals commonly call these stone statues "Gi Zai Zai".

According to a survey by the Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics Department, the Guizailing stone statues are the oldest group of human stone sculptures discovered by archaeological surveys so far. The prehistoric stone statues at this site were made 5,000 years ago. The stone statues in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were made between 2,000 and 5,000 years ago. In particular, the prehistoric stone statues account for about 30% of all the stone statues on the surface. The number is huge. It can be called the earliest.

2. A detailed introduction to the content of the Guizailing Stone Statues

The Guizailing Stone Statues are the largest group of human stone sculptures discovered so far in domestic archaeological surveys. Tang Zhongyong said that the Guizailing site is a large-scale sacrificial site in ancient times. There are statues of civil servants, military attaches, pregnant women and various ordinary soldier statues. The height of the stone statues ranges from 30 centimeters to 100 centimeters.

Although the warrior statues on Gui Zai Ridge are short, they are mighty.

There are all kinds of strange "Gi Zai Zai" scattered on Gui Zai Ridge.

This "Ghost Zai Zai" looks relatively fat and big-eared

The reporter interviewed Tang Zhongyong, director of the Daoxian Cultural Relics Management Institute, who has been studying this ancient stone statue group for a long time. According to him, the large number of stone statues, the unique craftsmanship, the age, and the rich connotation of this group of stone statues "are larger than the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, the eighth wonder in the world," and are known as another wonder of the world.

After preliminary research, Guizailing, where the stone statues are located, is an ancient sacrificial site, located deep in the Nanling Mountains. Its central location is 35 kilometers away from the Mausoleum of Emperor Shun on Jiuyi Mountain. Gui Zai Ridge is named after the nearly 10,000 stone statues above and below ground. The locals commonly call these stone statues "Gi Zai Zai".

The Guizailing Stone Sculptures are the largest group of human stone sculptures discovered so far in domestic archaeological surveys. According to surveys and statistics from the China Stone Carving Museum and archaeological research experts from Hunan Province, there are more than 5,000 rough and vivid stone statues scattered on the surface of 15,000 square meters. There are also a huge number of stone statues buried about 2 meters underground. Such a huge number of stone sculptures There are more human figures than the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the eighth wonder of the world.

Era: The earliest production date was 5,000 years ago

According to a survey by the Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics Department, the Guizailing stone statues are the oldest group of human stone sculptures discovered by archaeological surveys so far. The prehistoric stone statues at this site were made 5,000 years ago. The stone statues in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were made between 2,000 and 5,000 years ago. In particular, the prehistoric stone statues account for about 30% of all the stone statues on the surface. The number is huge. It can be called the earliest. In addition, the production of stone statues also continued during the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties.

Tang Zhongyong said that the Guizailing site is a large-scale sacrificial site in ancient times. There are statues of civil servants, military attachés, pregnant women and various ordinary soldier statues. The height of the stone statues ranges from 30 centimeters to 100 centimeters.

Inferred to have primitive sacrificial or commemorative properties

Based on existing data and field surveys, archaeological experts infer that Guizailing and the stone statues were originally just a large sacrificial "mandala" (altar) , this place is an altar piled or chosen by prehistoric people. "Stone statues" are all over the altar, which has the nature of primitive sacrifice or commemoration and has gone through thousands of years of history.

The Guizailing stone statue is still one of the "mysteries" that domestic and foreign academic circles cannot solve so far. Tang Zhongyong believes that the significance of studying the Guizailing stone statues is very profound. As the "mystery" is solved, physical evidence will be added to the origin of Chinese civilization, and it will also have a certain "corrective" effect on the history of ancient Chinese sculpture art.

Value Analysis

A. The Guizailing Stone Statues are the largest group of human stone sculptures discovered so far in domestic archaeological surveys. According to surveys and statistics from the China Stone Carving Museum and archaeological research experts from Hunan Province, there are more than 5,000 stone statues scattered on the surface, and a huge number of stone statues are buried about 2 meters underground. Such a huge number of stone statues is greater than the number of Qin Shihuang's Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the eighth wonder in the world. There are so many, it can be called another wonder of the world.

B. The Guizailing Stone Sculptures are the oldest group of human stone sculptures discovered by archaeological surveys so far. The prehistoric stone statues at this site were made 5,000 years ago. The stone statues in the Qin, Han, Wei, and Jin dynasties were made between 2,000 and 5,000 years ago. In particular, the prehistoric stone statues account for about 30% of all the stone statues on the surface. The number is huge, and they were made in It is the earliest in the country.

C. The Guizailing stone statue has unique production technology and shape, and is the only one seen in China so far. The stone statues are roughly made according to their materials and do not pay attention to details. The rough lines are often combined with natural twisted masses. Their overall sense and rhythm are very strong, which can cause huge psychological shock to people.

Although there are many kinds of stone statues, most of them are seated statues with "curved legs" in the shape of "Jiaozhi", with exaggerated shapes and strange meanings. The "pregnant woman" stone statue embodies the ancient people's concept of fertility worship, and the "riding elephant" general statue is consistent with the ancient legend about the Chu-Guangdong war in the south. Statues of civil servants, military attachés, generals and ordinary soldiers all constitute real-life scenes in the mysterious world.

D. The Guizailing site is a large-scale sacrificial place that has been established for a long time. Guizailing culture was jointly founded by Han Yao ancestors. It reflects many characteristics of Nan Chu culture and provides a good starting point for studying Nan Chu culture and the history of Monan Yao people. There are a large number of temples around the site, a large number of "Shunde" cultural relics in ancient residences, and a clear record in the Chen family tree that the villagers with the five surnames in Tianguangdong are descendants of Shun. These all reflect that Guizailing sacrifices are related to Shun, and provide a basis for studying Shunde culture and the local area. The history and methods of worshiping Shun provide physical evidence.

Conclusion: The existence and discovery of the Guizailing stone statues are still one of the "mysteries" that domestic and foreign academic circles cannot solve so far. The reasons for their origin are generally related to the sacrifices in ancestral temples, and may also have elements of primitive religion, ethnicity and folk customs. However, due to the long history and the large span of time, the reasons for the existence of stone statues in each period cannot be "generally concluded." Based on the current information and investigation, it can be inferred that Guizailing and the stone statues were originally a large sacrificial "mandala" (altar), and "Guizailing" was an altar accumulated or chosen by prehistoric humans. Stone statues are dotted all over the mandala, with primitive sacrificial or commemorative properties. After thousands or even tens of thousands of years of history, later generations continued to carve the stone statues with blind eyes, forming the phenomenon of stone statues being carved in multiple stages. The research on the Guizailing stone statues is of profound significance. As the "mystery" is solved, physical evidence will be added to the origin of Chinese civilization. It will have a certain "corrective" effect on the history of ancient Chinese sculpture art, and it will definitely be written into in Chinese history textbooks.

(4) Specific measures to strengthen the protection and development of cultural heritage in Yongzhou City

1. History of management institutions

The party and the government attach great importance to the Guizailing Stone Statues Conservation work. A professional committee will be established to be responsible for the protection of cultural relics and mountains and forests; a cultural relics protection area management bureau will be established to accelerate the development of the cultural industry and tourism industry and further promote the effective protection and rational utilization of cultural relics resources.

2. Strengthen the construction of laws and regulations and protect world heritage in accordance with the law

In order to strengthen the legalization of the management of Guizailing stone statues, in accordance with the "Chinese Cultural Heritage Code" and the "World Heritage Convention" and In accordance with the requirements of the Cultural Relics Protection Law, the forward-looking and operable "Gui Zailing Research Institute 2010-2020 Strategic Development Plan Outline" has been compiled to ensure the protection, research, information, security, management, utilization and Detailed planning has been made in many aspects such as protection and protection, so that the cultural relic protection, research, display and management work, and social education work of the Longmen Grottoes can be followed, steadily advanced, and developed in an all-round way.

3. Strengthen investment in basic protection research and improve the scientific and technological level of cultural relics protection

In the new historical stage, the protection of Guizailing stone statues should be carried out more systematically and scientifically. This is an important issue facing the conservation workers of the Guizailing stone statues.

1. Strengthen daily maintenance and do basic work

2. Improve the monitoring system, strengthen grotto monitoring, and provide scientific basis for grotto protection

3. Actively Carry out cooperative research to improve the technological content of grotto protection

4. Actively carry out international cooperation to improve the level of grotto protection

Carrying out international cooperation is an important step in learning advanced foreign protection concepts and technologies. way.

4. Strengthen the basic research on the grottoes and improve the level of special research

1. Prepare a report on the Guizailing Stone Statues and promote the research work to a higher level

2. Organize the Longmen Basic data on the grottoes to promote in-depth research

In addition, we have also completed the compilation and compilation of the research results of the Guizailing stone statues, the collection of historical documentary records and local chronicles of the Guizailing stone statues, and historical mapping and photographic data. Basic work such as finishing.

3. Carry out the excavation of the Guizailing stone statue site and prepare to build the Leigutai Site Museum

4. Organize the excavation data of the Fengxian Temple site and carry out archaeological drilling in the site area

5. Publish academic research publications to display the cultural connotation of Guizailing stone statues

5. Implement three-dimensional digital technology projects to establish industry technical standards

Three-dimensional digital technology is a brand-new , advanced information science and technology, using three-dimensional data to store and preserve Guizailing stone statue information, is of great significance in archive construction, archaeological surveying and mapping, cultural relic protection, publicity and display, etc., and can better solve the contradiction between cultural relic protection and display. Promote the development of culture, tourism, education and entertainment industries.

6. Establish the Guiziling Stone Statue Professional Committee of the China Association for the Protection of Ancient Monuments and Sites

7. Follow the plan, improve the environment, create green mountains and green waters, Longmen Grottoes, and achieve harmony between the cultural landscape and the natural landscape Through this series of renovations and renovations, the environmental appearance and quality of the Guizailing stone statues have been greatly changed. The mountains and rivers are beautiful, and humanity and nature are harmonious and unified. At the same time, environmental improvement is of great significance for improving the regional environment, delaying the weathering of Guizailing stone statues, and effectively protecting the grottoes.

8. Strengthen exchanges and expand influence

1. Convene an international academic seminar on Longmen Grottoes

2. Actively do a good job in returning lost overseas cultural relics

3. Actively hold domestic and foreign exhibitions

9. Strengthen talent training to achieve sustainable development

The key to realizing the protection of Guizailing stone statues and the sustainable development of research is the quality of talents Introduction and cultivation. Since its establishment, the institute has successively introduced professionals in the fields of cultural relics protection, research, and information materials at Guizailing Stone Statues. All of them have bachelor's degrees or above, covering majors such as cultural relics protection, geology, archaeology, history, fine arts, and computers.

6. Accessory Materials

Attached Materials Catalog: (such as photographs, physical originals, etc., pay attention to neatness when pasting)

Serial Number

Material name

Quantity

Type

1

Dao County Intangible Cultural Heritage Training Course

1

Photos

2

Jiangyong Cultural Heritage Review Meeting

1

Photos

3

Our commemorative album ---- on-site shooting

4

Photos

Where materials are pasted:

Picture 1

Picture 2

Picture 3

7. Comments on the project team’s survey report (teacher’s comments on topic selection, project implementation process, project Provide evaluation and opinions on results and other aspects)