Paris culture

Paris, the capital of France, is the largest city in continental Europe and one of the most prosperous cities in the world. Located in northern France, on the west bank of the Seine River, 375 kilometers away from the estuary (English Channel). The Seine River winds through the city, forming two central islands (Sid and St. Louis). The urban population is 2 1.7 million. The city itself is located in the center of the Paris basin, with a mild maritime climate, warm in winter and cool in summer; 10, the average temperature is 3℃ in October, 65438 08℃ in July and 65438 00℃ in the whole year. The annual rainfall distribution is balanced, slightly more in summer and autumn, with an average annual rainfall of 6 19mm.

history

As early as 2000 years ago, there was no such country as "France" on the earth, but ancient Paris. However, at that time, Paris was only a small fishing village on Dai Xi Island in the middle reaches of the Seine River, and the owner of the island was a "Parisian Westerner" of the ancient Gaul tribe. In the first century BC, the Romans began to settle here, and gradually developed into a city called "Luders" (French means "swamp"). In the 4th century AD, the city was named "Paris" to commemorate its earliest owner.

In 508 AD, the Frankish kingdom made Paris its capital. 10 End, Hugh? King Karp built a palace here. Two or three centuries later, the owner of Paris changed to Philip? Augustus (1 165- 1223). At this time, Paris has developed to the banks of the Seine River, with churches and buildings everywhere, becoming the political and cultural center of the West at that time.

At the end of 16 and the beginning of 17, then King Henry IV expanded Paris on a large scale. By 18 and 19 centuries, Paris was still expanding gradually, and a lot of cultivated land was occupied by cities. In the late period of the First Empire of France, Paris had more than 700,000 residents and 1000 streets. After the establishment of the Second Empire, Paris annexed some surrounding villages. When I arrived in Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, I began to open some broad roads and build many gardens and parks in Paris, which made Paris become what it is today.

After the war, the French government spared no effort to build Paris. Although in 1970, the development of Paris was suspended in order to evacuate the French political and economic institutions that were excessively concentrated in the capital, since the establishment of Pompidou Center and the new shopping underground street in 1977, the construction of Paris has taken a new direction. In order to make the development of the eastern and western parts of Paris more balanced, ten major projects, such as the Bastille Opera House and the National Library, were started by the French government with Mitterrand as president in 198 1 and were all completed before the end of 1996.

Paris is the largest industrial and commercial city in France. The northern suburbs are mainly manufacturing areas. The most developed manufacturing projects include automobiles, electrical appliances, chemicals, medicine, food and so on. Luxury goods production ranks second, mainly concentrated in downtown areas; Products include precious metal appliances, leather products, porcelain, clothing and so on. This peripheral city specializes in producing furniture, shoes, precision tools and optical instruments. The printing and publishing industry is concentrated in the Latin quarter and Remy Street. The film production in Greater Paris (metropolitan area) accounts for three-quarters of the total film production in France. The headquarters of most banks and insurance companies in Paris (including the Bank of France and the stock exchange) are located on the west side of the "market" (1 183- 1969 is the local central market).

Paris is the center of French culture and education, and also a world famous cultural city. France's famous French Academy, Paris University, comprehensive engineering school, higher normal school, national bridge school and national scientific research center are all located in Paris. Paris University is one of the oldest universities in the world, founded in 1253. There are also many academic research institutions, libraries, museums and theaters in Paris.

There are 50 theaters, 200 cinemas and 15 concert halls in Paris. Paris Opera House is the largest opera house in the world, located on Osman Street in the center of the city, covering an area of 1 654,38+0,000 square meters. The whole building has both Gothic and Romanesque styles. The French National Conservatory of Music and Dance School are also located here.

"Street art" in Paris is very active. Thetel Art Square in the northwest of the city is a world-famous open-air gallery, where many painters improvise and sell it every day. Check streeter Square and St.? In places like Germand 'Urberville Square, young students and citizens often bring their own musical instruments to hold concerts and perform various programs.

Paris is a famous historical city in the world, and places of interest abound, such as Eiffel Tower, Arc de Triomphe, Elysee Palace, Palace of Versailles, Louvre, Place de la Concorde, Notre Dame de Paris, Georges? Pompidou National Culture and Art Center is a place where domestic and foreign tourists linger. On both sides of the beautiful Seine River, parks and green spaces are dotted with 32 bridges across the river, making the scenery on the river more charming and colorful. The city island in the center of the river is the cradle and birthplace of Paris. There is a second-hand book market on St. Michel Avenue on the Seine River, which stretches for several kilometers. Every day, many scholars and tourists from home and abroad come here to buy their beloved ancient books, forming a major feature of the Latin district, an ancient cultural area on the Seine River.

Paris is also a "world conference city". With its beautiful scenery, rich historical sites, colorful cultural activities and modern service facilities, it has ushered in many international conferences. According to statistics, Paris * * * held 365 international conferences in 1987, surpassing new york, London, Brussels and Geneva, ranking first in the world. International organizations such as UNESCO and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have their headquarters in Paris.

There is a well-known French proverb: "Paris was not built in a day." Subdivided, Paris has 20 districts and more than 5,000 streets, roads and boulevards. The buildings in the east, west, south and north of the city have distinct levels, which is convenient for passers-by to correctly judge their position in the city.

Paris is the center of France with its domed churches, the Arc de Triomphe, magnificent palaces, magnificent squares, royal parks and millions of flashlights every night. The 300-meter-high Eiffel Tower was dismissed as a "regrettable useless thing" more than 100 years ago, and was accepted in a friendly way and became a symbol of Paris.

There are ten scenic spots in Paris that every tourist can't miss: Eiffel Tower, La Coupole (Bar), Sacred Heart Church, picasso museum, Montmartre Heights, Louvre and Arc de Triomphe, Lapp Street, Fashion in Victory Square and Palace of Versailles.

When you arrive in Paris, you must like to overlook the beautiful city of Paris. From Notre Dame de Paris, the Arc de Triomphe, the terrace of the picturesque LaSamaritsine store and Montmartre Heights, the beautiful scenery of Paris is really panoramic. Of course, the most pleasant thing is to see Paris from the Eiffel Tower, which stands as high as a steel giant on the Seine River in the center of Paris.

There are 70 museums in Paris, each of which is wonderful and unique. Located on the right bank of the Seine River, the largest Louvre in the world is famous for its rich classical paintings and sculptures. It is one of the most precious buildings in the French Renaissance. There is also the Ossetia Art Museum, which collects works of art from the end of 18 to the beginning of 19, which also makes people stop for a long time, although it was originally converted from a railway station; Musee de l'Orangerie has a collection of1impressionist works in the late 9th century, as well as picasso museum, cluny Museum, Rodin Art Museum and so on. Coming to Paris really makes people feel that they have entered an art country!

Notre Dame de Paris, located on the island of the central city of the Seine, is a French Gothic building. It is not only famous for Hugo's famous novel Notre Dame de Paris, but also because it is the oldest, largest and most outstanding Catholic church in Paris. In addition, the Arc de Triomphe and the Palace of Versailles are popular places for people to visit.

Like riverside and fashion designers, small cafes and cafes, tramps and doormen, Paris is a city that combines everything. The greatness and sacredness of empire, wealth and power, tradition and enthusiasm, witty and casual lifestyle, cosmopolitan pride and willfulness are full of contradictions and contrasts.

Born in the south of France, Dade once said at the beginning of the book Letter from the Windmill House: "I have no yearning for noisy and gloomy Paris." However, Dade finally came to Paris and spent the rest of his life here.

Since ancient times, young people from all over the world gathered in Paris have all kinds of dreams and ambitions. Here, they realized their dreams and were disappointed. However, as Rilke once said, "Paris is an unparalleled city."

brief introduction

Seine is a very famous short river in France.

The river that flows through northern France is only 776 kilometers long. It originated in the eastern Le Lang Plateau, with an altitude of 47 1 m.. It flows through the urban area of Paris from west to north, and the flow in the urban area is about 13 km. At present, it twists and turns, extending westward, passing through the Paris Basin, passing through Rouen, and finally flowing into the English Channel near le havre Harbor. The Seine River basin covers an area of 78,000 square kilometers. The river is navigable for 540 kilometers, and its freight volume ranks first in the country. The coastal area is the economic center of France, with canals connected with the Rhine and Loire rivers.

Along the Seine River in Paris, there are beautiful scenery and elegant parks all over it, which constitute a beautiful natural picture. The ancient Seine gave birth to countless places of interest. The famous international city Paris was just an island at first, but now this "ugly duckling" has grown into a beautiful swan that everyone loves.

In the history of more than 2,000 years, Paris has been developing on both sides of the Seine River and eventually became one of the world famous cities. Because the Seine has played an important role in the development of Paris, Paris is also called "the daughter of the Seine", and the Seine is the lifeline of Paris.

The Seine flows from east to west in Paris, forming an arc. There are beautiful scenery and rows of buildings on both sides of the river. Some buildings have experienced hundreds of years of wind and rain, while others are masterpieces of modern technology. They perfectly reflect the different architectural arts and styles of different times in Paris. Places of interest are also densely distributed on both sides of the river. Therefore, it is always an indispensable program for foreign tourists to visit the Seine by boat. Throughout the year, from morning till night, tourists on the river never stop. Even a well-dressed yacht shuttles. The big one can hold hundreds of people, and the small one can be used by dozens or dozens of people. As long as the weather is fine, the deck of the yacht is always a place that people are happy to visit.

During the day, you can visit the Seine River. The surrounding scenery is picturesque and the buildings on the shore are brightly colored. You can have a panoramic view of the Louvre, Musee d 'Orsay, Notre Dame de Paris, Eiffel Tower and other places of interest, and various bridges are coming at you, which is dizzying. A night tour of the Seine has a special taste. The lights on the shore are flashing, the scenery is picturesque, and the river is clear, elegant and quiet. The scenic spots on both sides of the strait are brightly lit, and many of them are concentrated on both sides of the Seine River. In particular, strong spotlights are installed on yachts, and bundles of white light radiate outward, illuminating the scenery on both sides of the strait. Not only is the shape of the building clearly visible, but even the decorations and sculptures on it will not be missed in the eyes of tourists.

The bridge in Paris is very famous. There are 35 large and small bridges in the city with a total length of 5 kilometers. These bridges have their own development history, and the scale and architectural style of the bridges are also very different. Many bridges are named after important events in history, and some bridges are named after celebrities. Because the Seine divides Paris into two halves, and the north and the south communicate only through bridges, the important role of bridges in Parisian life is obvious.

Paris was originally an island in the Seine. After thousands of years of development, it has become a world-famous city. This ship-like island city in the east of the Seine River is the birthplace of Paris. There are 10 bridges around the island, connecting the island with the urban area on the shore.

There are many historical sites along the Seine River in Paris, which is a tourist attraction.

Notre Dame de Paris on the island, built in 1 163, is the first Gothic building in Paris. The church has always been the center of religious activities in Paris, which can accommodate 9000 people at the same time. Notre Dame bell tower was built in 1330, which contained the only clock in Paris at that time. It is not only famous for Hugo's novel Notre Dame de Paris, but also because it is the largest, oldest and most outstanding Catholic church in Paris. The building covers an area of 5,500 square meters, including choir and back hall, short ear room and nave. The nave has a double-sided chapel with a square chapel on the side. The main entrance faces west and is divided into three floors. There are three peach-shaped doorways at the bottom. There are also two bell towers, north and south, each 69 meters high, which were built on 1330. The giant bell of the South Bell Tower weighs 13 tons and is called "bell worker". The North Bell Tower is equipped with 387 stairs leading to a 60-meter-high steeple, which is more noticeable than the 2 1 m high mountain of the Bell Tower.

On the right bank of the Seine River, there are mainly international square, Bastille Square, Louvre, Place de la Concorde, Elysee Palace, Charles de Gaulle Square and other places of interest. There is the Eiffel Tower on the left bank; There is Notre Dame de Paris on the island beside the Hexi River; There is Versailles in the southwest; There is an open-air gallery in Montmartre Heights in the northwest. These are world-famous buildings and people all over the world yearn for them.

The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 to celebrate the anniversary of the French Revolution 100. It is a symbol of Paris and is world-famous. For engineering and aesthetic reasons, there are four semicircular arches at the bottom of the tower, so the elevator is required to rise along the curve. The elevator with glass shell was designed by Otis Elevator Company of the United States, which is one of the characteristics of the building, making it one of the world's leading tourist attractions. Before the completion of new york 1930, this tower was the tallest building in the world.

The Elysee Palace was built in 17 18. It used to be the royal palace, and now it is the French presidential palace. It is a two-story building made of marble blocks. Although the appearance of the main building is simple and unpretentious, the halls and corridors inside are tall and wide, and the furnishings are exquisite and magnificent everywhere.

The Louvre was built in 1 190. It has more than 400,000 artistic treasures, especially a rich collection of classical paintings and sculptures, and is known as the "Wanbao Palace". It is one of the most famous and greatest art treasures in the world. The most famous "three treasures in the palace" is the statue of Venus on Milos Island. The second is the statue of the Statue of Liberty (Victory) of Summer Tracchi (Zeus), with headless arms and flying wings. This statue is 2.75 meters high and made of Paris marble. She is undoubtedly one of the most important works in ancient Greece. Third, the famous Italian painter Da? Finch is painting the Mona Lisa.

The Arc de Triomphe is located in the wide Charles de Gaulle Square. This is the end of the Champs Elysé es and the highest point of Shayou Mountain. Extending in all directions from Charles de Gaulle Square, there are 12 avenues. The magnificent Arc de Triomphe stands on the circular square in the center of the square. This arch was built by Chargé land in the period of Napoleon 1806. According to Napoleon's order, it was used to commemorate the French army. The Arc de Triomphe was built in 1836. It has only one arch with a barrel dome on it, which is bigger than the Arc de Triomphe in Rome. It is 50 meters high and 45 meters wide, and there are huge reliefs on both sides of the Arc de Triomphe. Among them, the most famous and exquisite is the relief on the lower right side of the Champs Elysé es, which depicts the scene of 1792 volunteers' expedition. This masterpiece is named "La Marseillaise". The scene of Napoleon's victory celebration ceremony is carved in other positions above this relief, and the name of each battle is engraved on the topmost shield decoration. 1920, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was built under the arch cave, and an immortal flame was lit here every evening. There is also an inexpensive memorial hall in the building, which records the history of this memorial building. There, visitors can see the names of 558 generals, some of which are underlined because they were all killed in the battle.

Between the Bastille Square in the east and the Place de la Concorde in the west on the north bank of the Seine, it is the seat of the Paris municipal government. The Latin quarter of the Seine is the largest university district in France, where the famous University of Paris is located. Take a boat to the west along the Seine, and you can reach the Louvre on the north bank of the river.

Cross the Place de la Concorde and you will come to the famous Alexander III Bridge. The origin of Alexander III Bridge is related to Tsar Nicholas II's father, Alexander III. Alexander III signed a Franco-Russian alliance agreement with France. 1870, Prussia defeated France, and France built this bridge and named it Alexander III Bridge. 1896, Nicholas II laid the foundation stone for Alexander III Bridge. The length of the completed bridge is107m, and four towers are erected on the piers at the north and south ends. There is a flying bronze flying horse at the top of the tower. The Alexander III Bridge on the south bank, the Hospital for the Disabled and the large and small palaces on the north bank all embody the grand architectural style of19th century. There are 35 bridges across the banks of the Seine River in Alexander III Bridge, adding a touch of flying rainbow to the banks of the Seine River with infinite scenery.