accounting classification

The classification of accounting subjects is as follows:

Accounting classification is divided into assets, liabilities, owner's equity, cost, profit and loss. Assets, liabilities, owners' equity, income, expenses and profits are not the classification methods of accounting subjects, but only a classification method of economic business, which is beneficial to financial management.

1. Asset class: refers to the resources formed by past transactions and events, which are owned or controlled by the enterprise and are expected to bring economic benefits to the enterprise. Assets are divided into current assets, long-term investments, fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets. Among them, current assets are divided into cash and various deposits, short-term investments, accounts receivable and prepayments, inventories, prepaid expenses, etc.

2. Liabilities: refers to the current obligations formed by past transactions and events, and the fulfillment of this obligation is expected to lead to the outflow of economic benefits from the enterprise. Liabilities are divided into current liabilities and long-term liabilities. Among them, current liabilities include short-term loans, accounts payable and received in advance, wages payable, taxes payable, dividend payable and accrued expenses.

3. Owner's equity category: refers to the economic benefits enjoyed by the owner in the assets of the enterprise, and its amount is the balance of assets minus liabilities. Owners' equity subjects include paid-in capital (or share capital), capital reserve, surplus reserve, current year's profit and profit distribution, etc.

4. Cost category: refers to the collection and distribution of various expenses incurred in the production process of an enterprise according to different objects, so as to determine the total cost and unit cost of each object. Cost subjects include production cost, manufacturing cost and labor cost.

5. Profit and loss category: reflects the profit or loss of the enterprise in a certain period of time. The profit and loss subjects are divided into loss categories (including main business income, other business income, investment income, subsidy income and non-operating income) and loss categories (including main business cost, main business taxes and surcharges, other business expenses, operating expenses, management expenses, financial expenses, non-operating expenses, income tax and profit and loss adjustment in previous years).

6.* * * Same category: the debits of the three categories of accounts, namely, asset category, cost category and loss category, increased, while the credits decreased. Liabilities, owners' equity and losses all decrease in borrowers and increase in lenders.