Writing skills of various compositions? Reward according to the quality of the answer, I have more than 200 points!

First, use some words in the exam. Their explanation is limited and should be based on the notes in the book. If the explanation is inconsistent with the book, even if it is quite wonderful, it is easy to lose points in the exam, because the answers in the exam are limited to the textbook.

Secondly, the exam of sentence interpretation. Although the meaning of the sentence is explained in modern Chinese, I prefer to translate it, because this year's Chinese exam is unified in the whole city, which means there will be a unified standard, so it is better to implement every word than ambiguous explanation. The translation of classical Chinese sentences should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation, grasping the key words in sentences, translating word by word, and doing well in leaving, supplementing, deleting, modifying and adjusting. The translation methods of classical Chinese generally include: ① Stay. That is to say, people's names, place names, official names or words with the same meaning as modern Chinese are retained. 2 make up. That is, to supplement monosyllabic words with disyllabic words, or to supplement ellipsis. 3 delete. That is, delete function words that do not need to be translated. 4 change. That is, replace ancient Chinese words with modern Chinese words with the same meaning. ⑤ Tuning. That is, adjust the word order or word order to make it conform to the habits of modern Chinese.

Finally, open questions encourage innovation. Encouraging individuality does not mean that you can let yourself go and do whatever you want. Instead, we should think calmly, analyze the meaning of the problem and spread our ideas as required. The more divergence angles, the better. Then analyze and compare from these angles, find out the best point, and boldly express your own views.

Writing skills of composition in examination room

Five-minute exam

Ten minutes to conceive

Write for forty minutes.

One, five minutes to review the problem.

1. Establish accurate content.

What should I write after seeing the composition topic? This is the first problem to be solved in all propositional compositions.

Divergent thinking: Specific to the examination composition, we can divergent thinking from the following aspects:

Grasp the topic composition, carefully examine the topic, make full use of the suggestive language in the composition topic, and obtain the writing content.

② Develop multi-level association around the topic and expand the writing content from multiple angles.

A similar association: from the topic, associate things that are the same or similar to the topic, so as to determine the content of writing.

B. Introverted association: add some restrictive elements to some broad topics, narrow the extension of topics, and clarify the scope of writing.

C. reverse association: starting from the opposite side of the topic, determine the scope and content of writing.

D. Associative transformation between reality and fiction: Some composition topics are often some concepts abstracted from colorful and complicated phenomena, with both imaginary and real sides.

Thinking induction: that is, the establishment process of performance content. In this process, we should pay attention to the following two points:

(1) Write what you are familiar with;

② Write what you can control: It is determined by students' cognitive level, ideological depth and even language expression ability.

Through the divergence and induction of thinking, we can finally establish the performance content of an article.

2. Highlight the clear center

In order to clearly point out the center, we can write several paragraphs around the center after conceiving the content of the article, and insert them at the beginning and end of the article or at the transition and turning point of the article, which not only reminds ourselves not to deviate from the center, but also reminds the marking teacher that you have a clear feeling about the center.

(1) The establishment of the performance center is a question of whether it meets the meaning of the question.

Some students can pay attention to accurately grasp the scope and connotation of the topic when reviewing the topic, but there is no consciousness of expanding and rendering around the center in the writing process. The result is either that the center is scattered or that the performance center deviates from the meaning of the topic.

(2) We should also pay attention to cultivating our consciousness of clearly pointing out the center.

In order to clearly point out the center, we can write several paragraphs around the center after conceiving the content of the article, and insert them at the beginning and end of the article or at the transition and turning point of the article, which not only reminds ourselves not to deviate from the center, but also reminds the marking teacher that you have a clear feeling about the center.

The establishment of the performance center is divided into high and low grades.

(1) Have profound thoughts: have an understanding of the scientific world outlook, master development viewpoints, comprehensive viewpoints and related viewpoints, improve your cognitive ability of things, and make your composition profound.

(2) Have a vision of seeing the big from the small: conduct ordinary life phenomena.

Deep thinking and unique insights can make the establishment of the article center extraordinary.

(4) Have the ability to turn reality into reality: when conceiving, we should expand association and imagination, jump out of the bondage of materials, express our thoughts with the help of virtual "images" and use metaphors, symbols and other means, which can quickly open our minds.

⑤ Pay attention to the times: If the content of the times is properly related, the taste of the article center can be effectively improved. It should be reminded that the characteristics of the times of the topic are integrated into the article.

⑥ There is a novel angle: you can get a unique idea by jumping out of the mindset and adopting reverse thinking.

Second, ten minutes to conceive.

1. Establish an appropriate style.

If the writing content is compared to the human torso and the writing center is compared to the human soul, then the genre of the article should be clothing. A well-fitting dress can set off the beauty of the body and the beauty of the wearer's aesthetic vision.

Stylistic choice

(1) determine the style according to the characteristics of the topic.

2 determine the style according to their own characteristics: most students have their own preferences and specialties in style, make full use of this feature, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses in the examination room, and try to choose styles that they are familiar with and good at in order to achieve the best results. Because of the different life experiences and reading experiences, students' writing themes are also different. We should also choose different styles for different types of writing themes.

Stylistic requirements

I. Narration

A. handle the problem of narrative details.

B. handle the relationship between narrative and description.

C. Strengthening topic awareness: As long as the article can add some closing words at key points to strengthen and highlight the topic and center, it can completely become a volume.

The second paper

A. the narrative in the argumentative paper should be concise.

B. the arguments in the argumentative paper should be targeted.

4. Explore the perspective of writing.

The world is rich and colorful, and each side can reflect its unique splendor. As long as the same materials are used properly, they can also express their unique opinions.

Angle conversion

For the same thing, the observer's identity, angle, position, concept and attitude are different, and his impression and conclusion will not be the same.

First, examine the questions carefully.

In the examination room, to write a good composition and get a high score, you must enter the writing state as soon as possible. When you see the topic, you should concentrate, take your time and tell yourself calmly that after a long period of preparation, you have a well-thought-out plan in terms of material accumulation, writing skills and writing speed. As long as you despise it strategically and attach importance to it tactically, you can play your best.

After entering the state, you should review the topic immediately. First, carefully read the composition questions silently, and then review the scope, conception and style of the composition. You must examine these problems carefully. If it is a material composition or a topic composition, you must carefully read the given composition materials, tips, topics (topic composition only) and composition requirements, and also choose words carefully, otherwise you will "take a wrong step and lose the game."

When examining a topic, we should make clear the meaning of the given material, grasp its explicit information (words with obvious hints) and tap its implicit information (words with profound meanings), make clear its practical significance to the given topic and make clear its genre. If the genre is not limited, you can choose your best style, but don't write articles that are neither donkey nor horse.

Second, bold ideas.

"The meaning is still unfinished", we must attach great importance to the conception of the composition, because it is the commander-in-chief and soul of the article. If the idea is wrong, all the previous efforts will be in vain, and if the idea is not good, it will be greatly inferior. And if you want to get a high score in your composition, you should be bold in thinking. Be bold, think about things that people haven't thought about and done, closely connect with current social hotspots, and grasp the pulse of the times, such as governing the country by virtue, governing the country by law, governing for the people, developing the western region, reunifying the motherland, fighting corruption and promoting honesty, fighting terrorism, multipolarization of the world, and economic globalization, all of which are of concern to readers. Paying attention to hot spots and expressing everyone's voice can easily arouse readers' * *, grasp the pulse of the times and express their true feelings, thus impressing readers. Of course, this concern and grasp should be reflected from the side and expressed artistically, rather than shouting a few slogans in vain.

Third, carefully select materials.

After the decision, we should choose the materials around the theme. Be careful when selecting materials, be picky about materials, and choose those materials that you are most familiar with, feel and reflect the theme best. These materials can be personally experienced in family life, school life and social life, or heard and heard, or obtained from books, newspapers, movies and television, and the Internet. Remember, only the most familiar people can come easily, only the most moved people can express their true feelings and impress readers, and only the people who can best reflect the theme can make the article expressive.

Fourth, think quickly.

After selecting the materials, you should immediately consider how to arrange them. Those who write narratives and argumentative essays can arrange materials in chronological order, spatial order and logical order, while those who write argumentative essays can arrange materials in logical order (total score, sequence, juxtaposition and contrast). In addition, we should also pay attention to writing auspicious and sketchy, so as to be both appropriate and appropriate.

Fifth, skillfully draw up the title

A good essay should be concise, vivid, novel and unique. So we should carefully design, deliberate and ponder. There are usually the following topics that can reflect new ideas:

1) to express the theme: for example, "choose fraternity" (excellent composition in the 2002 college entrance examination)

2) Bring forth the old and bring forth the new: for example, the book to persuade Qu Yuan (excellent composition in the 2002 college entrance examination).

3) touch the stone and turn it into gold: for example, the stinger (excellent composition of the 2002 college entrance examination)

4) Mathematical formula: for example, "7-1= 0" (excellent composition in the 2006 college entrance examination 5438+0).

5) clever use of rhetoric:

(1) Quotations: For example, "To be honest, directly ask people to commit suicide" (200 1 excellent composition in the college entrance examination)

(2) concreteness: for example, "Honesty is the passport of life" (200 1 Excellent Composition of College Entrance Examination)

(3) Analogy: For example, "Honesty, life is beautiful because of you" (200 1 Excellent Composition of College Entrance Examination)

(4) Making a phone call: For example, "Friends, please bring your passport" (200 1 Excellent Composition for College Entrance Examination)

(5) rhetorical question: for example, "If there is honesty, what else can a husband want?" (200 1 excellent composition for college entrance examination)

(6) Imitation sentences: For example, "cultivate one's integrity, cultivate one's faith" (200 1 Excellent Composition for College Entrance Examination)

(7) Pun: For example, "Life is sincere and precious" (200 1 Excellent Composition of College Entrance Examination)

Six, clever beginning

Don't say something irrelevant and off-topic at the beginning. Get to the point as soon as possible to attract readers. To this end, suspense can be skillfully set to make people think, poetry can be quoted to make poetry full of emotions, stories can be told and fascinating, famous sayings can be quoted to make literary talent brilliant, philosophy can be contained and thought-provoking ... In short, the beginning should play a role in controlling the whole article, pointing out the theme, and affecting the whole body, so as to attract readers.

Seven, learn to turn.

When writing, we often find that many students always feel that there is nothing to write, so that the capacity of the articles written is small and the number of words can not meet the requirements, which greatly affects the quality of the composition. This is because I don't know how to get to the point and my mind is not open. Actually, it's easy to get down to business. As long as we stick to the theme, spread our imagination wings, understand Wan Li from ancient times to the present, from outside to inside, from front to back, from natural phenomena to social phenomena, and let our own thoughts roam all over the world, no matter what the facts are, we will feel that there are many things to write. Getting down to business can not only broaden our thinking, but also enhance the readability of the article, which is magnificent and fascinating.

Eight. Summary at the beginning of a paragraph

The writing time in the examination room is limited, and the teacher's marking time is also limited. Summarizing the content of this paragraph in one sentence at the beginning of each paragraph can not only make the article clear, but also make it clear to readers (including the marking teacher). In that case, why not?

Nine, temper words

We know that an article can only be readable and infectious if it is literary. Therefore, it is necessary to temper the text and try to be meticulous when writing. Due to the limited time, it is difficult to really choose words carefully. However, rhetorical methods such as metaphor, personification and exaggeration are properly used, and special sentence patterns (rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, parallelism, antithesis and hypothetical sentences, etc.) are appropriately used. ), appropriately quoting famous sayings, combining long and short sentences, combining whole sentences with scattered sentences, and combining literary and vernacular will make the article shine.

X. Point at the end of the article

Literally, China has a saying of "crested pig belly and leopard tail" since ancient times. Therefore, a good article should have a short and powerful ending like a "leopard tail" besides a good beginning and a large capacity in the middle. There are many ways to make the end of the article short and powerful, which can echo the beginning (or theme), be consistent from beginning to end, be implicit and meaningful, be intriguing, make the finishing point, sublimate the theme, make a statement and point out the theme ... In short, the end should be wonderful, powerful and concise. Only in this way can the expressive force of the article be enhanced.

In addition to trying to achieve the above ten points, we should write clearly and neatly, because writing is actually a process of creating beauty. "Everyone loves beauty", and readers (including marking teachers) can't refuse beauty.

Topic composition is a form of composition proposition that provides the scope and direction of thinking according to the provided materials and tips, and requires the author to write around this "topic". The topic composition adopts a new form of "self-writing topic, self-thinking and self-choosing style", which enables candidates to display their creative personality and give full play to their advantages, thus showing the requirements of the first-instance topic, indicating the language and defining the writing scope. The main body of the topic composition test includes at least three parts: writing introduction, topic scope, specific provisions or requirements. We need to read these three parts one by one, analyze the requirements, define the boundaries and avoid violations. Hard and fast rules on topics, such as stylistic restrictions, word count requirements, and selective marking, shall not include suggestive words and requirements for names, school names, place names, etc. Must obey. If you run a red light, your score will be bad.

The second instance article genre requirements, determine the appropriate writing genre. Although the topic composition is generally not limited to style, every article should have a style color. You can't write a narrative on the topic of touching, and you can't write an argumentative paper on the topic of touching journey. Argumentative writing should not have inscriptions, subtitles and other writing forms with narrative characteristics. If the article lacks stylistic norms and adopts four writing methods, large paragraphs of narration and large paragraphs of discussion will be rigidly tied up, which will make the marking teachers very confused. They don't know whether to appreciate it from the perspective of image thinking or logical thinking, whether they have the ability to master this style, or whether they can't distinguish the functions of narration, discussion and explanation, and their marking impression will naturally be affected.

The relationship between the third trial materials and the topic. Topic composition often covers a wide range of writing content, such as "moving" as the topic, which easily makes candidates feel confused and at a loss. In addition, time constraints lead candidates to write wherever they want, and write a thousand words, which digress from Wan Li. The solution to this problem is to limit the "big problems". From big to small, from abstract to concrete, write your own experiences or feelings from one angle, and pay attention to the transformation process of emotions. Such vivid, unique and novel articles will naturally gush out, making the article reach the ideal state of "a grain of sand sees the world, and half a petal of flowers says human feelings"

(2) Full-proposition and semi-proposition composition

Semi-propositional composition refers to the propositional form in which the proposer defines a part of the composition topic, then sets aside a part of the content for the author to fill in completely according to the requirements, and then writes. The main sign of this form of composition is that there is a gap in the title of the composition. It is characterized by greater openness and flexibility, leaving people a broad creative space, but also limited. In recent two years, many provinces and cities in China have adopted the form of semi-propositional composition. Semi-propositional composition can be divided into two forms according to whether there are hints or not. According to the position of the topic vacancy, it can be divided into front empty type, hollow type and back empty type.

The premise of writing this kind of composition is to complete the topic as required. The question to be noted is:

1. Consider the given information of half a topic, and then combine your own life experience, writing expertise, writing content, etc. To become a full-proposition composition, skillfully turn unfamiliar new topics into familiar old topics and calmly complete a familiar composition. For example, I believe that students have written countless articles about reading, family and school life. We can write the composition topic of Chongqing senior high school entrance examination in 2005 as "Reading experience is a song", "Motherly love is a song" and "Learning life is a song". It is also possible to develop the essay topic "Wonderful" for the senior high school entrance examination in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 2005 into a similar form.

2. Pay attention to the requirements of the exam and make clear the scope of material selection. For example, in the essay questions of Zhanjiang senior high school entrance examination in 2003, we should distinguish between "life" and "life".

3. The title should not be big and empty, but try to show personality. The title is the "eye" of the article, which is related to the style, spirit and color of the article. Good headlines can make people have a strong desire to read.

4. Clear thinking, concentration and novelty.

For example, "Life because _ _" and "Life because _ _" are semi-propositional compositions with less restrictions. You can fill in the blanks with nouns, verbs and adjectives, such as music, reading, frustration and love. And you can also fill in phrases, such as getting attention, struggling, suffering, etc. Once the topic is established, we should be good at digging out the most dazzling and shining paragraph from the ordinary life color chain and writing wonderful moments, wonderful scenes and wonderful spiritual feelings. In short, it is necessary to highlight the wonderful words and themes.

Secondly, the angle of expression should be clever. On the premise of highlighting the main idea, you can selectively use suspense, narrative, echo, contrast and other skills to design the beginning and end of the article, appropriately interspersed with discussion and lyric, and pay attention to repeating questions in writing.

In addition, the materials should be new. We should be good at mobilizing all kinds of descriptive means to impress people, thus arousing readers' emotions.

(3) Material composition

The so-called material composition is a form of composition that requires the writer to write according to the specific materials such as a given paragraph of text or pictures and the requirements of the composition proposition. It is characterized by reading and writing. The writer must go through the steps of reading materials, understanding and analyzing, refining the theme, associating and imagining, screening and identifying, expressing words and so on, in order to complete the writing of an article. The types of material composition are: composition based on written materials, composition based on pictures, expansion, abbreviation, rewriting and continuation. For example, the 2005 senior high school entrance examination composition questions.

First of all, we should accumulate composition materials.

1. The best way to accumulate "life materials" is to keep an observation diary. The common problem for students to keep diaries is a running account. I am too lazy to write because I feel boring. I suggest you write according to the method taught by Mr. Lao She: "You should carefully observe the character and characteristics of Lao Wang or Lao Li around you, pay attention at any time, write it down at any time ... remember it every day and form a habit." A gust of wind blows, you write it down; You can also write down the next shower, because you don't know what day it is, and you need to describe a gust of wind or shower in your work. Without this accumulation, there will be no money. "

|2, accumulate "materials from books", on the one hand, combine reading and writing in Chinese class through classroom reading; On the other hand, we should rely on extracurricular reading and insist on writing abstract reading notes. If each excerpt uses a piece of paper, it is a reading card. As the saying goes, "a good memory is not as good as a bad writing." No matter how strong the memory is, after a long time, there are always some things that will be forgotten. If you extract what you think is wonderful when reading, you can not only avoid forgetting, but also facilitate reading.

1 Practice writing narrative and descriptive articles first, and then practice writing explanatory and argumentative papers.

Practice writing what you have experienced before writing what others have reported.

Pay attention to training observation and accumulation first, and then pay attention to training analysis and expression.

Practice writing simple things first, and then practice writing complex things.

5. Don't be limited by the "frame" of writing, let go of the courage of writing; Then according to the basic requirements and characteristics of different articles, standardized training is carried out.

6 "Imitate" first, and write an article drawing a gourd according to the same pattern; After "creation", write novel and unique articles.

7 First, make the article as long as possible, emphasizing expansion and dissemination; After that, try to write a short essay, paying attention to conciseness.

The above "seven before seven after" conforms to the law of people's understanding of things, from concrete to abstract, and the law of ability training, from low to high, from clumsy to skilled. As for when or to what extent as the first and second boundaries, this is another problem that cannot be "one size fits all" and must be analyzed in detail. It's not bad if some students arrange the above seven first and then seven alternately and repeatedly, such as imitating creation and then imitating creation.

Third, we should develop good writing habits.

After students enter junior high school from primary school, composition training has embarked on a new course, and special attention should be paid to cultivating their good writing habits. From the writing experience of the winning students in the composition competition, we summarized the following seven good writing habits for students' reference.

1 The habit of "writing a little every day". Many award-winning students said that their composition won the prize because they insisted on keeping a diary. If there is more time, they will write more, and if there is less time, they will write less, even if it is as few as dozens of words. This is really an experience. As the saying goes, "Never leave your fist, never leave your mouth". Writing every day can make your writing more dexterous and accumulate a lot of composition materials.

2. The habit of "thinking through the whole article and writing an outline of the composition". Don't write a composition unless you know what to write in the next paragraph. You must conceive the whole article and fix the "framework" of the conceived composition in the form of an outline. People who have been engaged in writing for a long time also have an outline before they start writing, but some hide the outline in their stomachs and call it a "draft by heart."

3 the habit of "reciting the first draft of the article". In ancient times, there was a habit of "singing" and "humming" when writing poems, because there were many problems that could not be "read" or read aloud. If you are in the examination room, you can only read silently to find out whether the sentence is fluent, whether the tone is coherent, whether the context is fluent and whether the phonology is harmonious.

4. The habit of "seriously modifying". The ancients said, "An article is never tired of changing", which is the golden advice of writing a good article and the experience of all article experts. Without this habit, it is almost impossible to write a good article.

5 "Don't tell lies" habit. Any good article must be the expression of the author's true feelings, and any falsehood can't fool the reader's eyes. If a student is terminally ill while learning to write, there is little hope of improvement in the future of the composition.

6 "Don't write hard, force yourself to write" habit. Lu Xun said, if you can't write, don't write hard. Of course it's right, because what you try to write is bound to be false. However, if students can't write the composition proposition of the leading teacher for a while, they must not refuse to hand in the paper on the grounds of "not working hard". If you can't write it for a while, it's ok to put it aside for a while, but if you force yourself to think and check your "material library" thoroughly, you will definitely find materials that meet the proposition. After many times of "forcing yourself to write", I opened my mind and improved my writing level.

7. The habit of "keeping your face clean and writing in a standardized way". Nowadays, young students generally pay attention to their appearance, which is understandable. The neatness and standardization of "writing" is a tool for composition and is naturally necessary.