What is Wuchang Uprising?

On the night of August 19th (191kloc-0/01010), the new army stationed inside and outside Wuchang city launched an uprising, captured the governor's yamen, and officials of the Qing court fled everywhere. However, the important leaders of the revolutionaries were not in Wuhan at that time. When the uprising soldiers planned to form the Hubei military government, they did not understand the importance of maintaining their leading position and thought that people with prestige and status were needed to organize the government. Therefore, Li, a senior officer of the Qing Dynasty, was invited as the commander-in-chief, while Tang Hualong, a constitutionalist, became the chief of civil affairs.

Wuchang Uprising had a great influence on the whole country. First of all, Hunan and Shaanxi launched an uprising and set up an independent flag respectively. Subsequently, revolutionary organizations and associations and the new army all over the country responded. In just over a month, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Anhui, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shandong and other provinces and Shanghai declared independence. The revolutionary army in Wuchang and the Qing army were at loggerheads in Hankou and Hanyang, while the revolutionary army in Jiangsu and Zhejiang defeated the Qing army, recovered Nanjing and organized the Northern Expedition. At that time, the revolutionary trend flourished, and even Zhili, the hinterland of the Qing Dynasty, had a new army uprising in Luanzhou.

In the Revolution of 1911, the League led by Sun Yat-sen was the leader and organizer, and the widespread launch and rapid development of the uprising was the result of the long-term propaganda, organization and planning of the League. Communist party and the new army are the main relying forces. Their anti-Qing attitude is the most resolute and their struggle is the bravest. The bourgeois constitutionalists did not approve of the revolution, but they had a serious rift with the Qing government on the road struggle and constitutional issues, and the widespread uprising pushed them to the revolutionary side. Their position is very favorable. On the one hand, they had no power in the Qing Dynasty, so they could easily turn to the revolution. On the other hand, they have prestige, industry and local trust. Therefore, the constitutionalists almost gave up the idea of constitutional monarchy at this time and turned to support the * * * and the regime, and occupied an important position in the new regime. Even some old bureaucrats, under the surrounding pressure, saw the general trend and had to go along with the revolution, thus expanding the momentum of the revolutionary camp and putting the Qing government at a disadvantage of betraying others. However, the constitutionalists and old bureaucrats turned to revolution, which also brought serious consequences. Their ideas and goals are completely different from those of revolutionaries. They compete for power within the revolution and form a complicated situation. In some provinces, revolutionaries launched uprisings and established revolutionary political power, but the constitutionalists and the old forces slaughtered revolutionaries and the masses through coups and military means and usurped political power, such as Hunan and Guizhou. In some provinces, revolutionaries and constitutionalists coexist, and constitutionalists are dominant. In the future, these two factions failed to maintain power, and some powerful factions with military power took their place, such as Yunnan, Zhejiang and Sichuan. In some provinces, after the struggle of various forces, the regime fell into the hands of hooligans, politicians and warlords, such as Fujian and Shanxi. There are other provinces, such as Jiangsu, Guangxi and Shandong, where old bureaucrats speculate on the revolution, declare independence and become leaders of the new regime. After a period of strength struggle and situation evolution, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Anhui and other regions are still in the hands of revolutionaries. However, revolutionaries are also undergoing differentiation and transformation, and some people have given up their revolutionary ideals and moved closer to bureaucratic warlords.

After Wuchang Uprising, at the end of the year, Sun Yat-sen returned from overseas. Representatives from all provinces gathered in Nanjing to elect Sun Yat-sen as the interim president and organize the Nanjing interim government. On New Year's Day of the following year (65438+ 1 in the first year of the Republic of China), Sun Yat-sen was sworn in, appointed temporary government staff, and promulgated various decrees to get rid of the old and innovate. Soon after, the provisional Senate was established and the provisional constitution of the Republic of China was formulated.