The revolutionary history of Wenjia City

Summary

On September 19, 1927, Mao Zedong led the Third Regiment of the Autumn Harvest Uprising to join forces in Wenjia City. The front committee and division headquarters were stationed at Liren School. That night, in the back building classroom of Liren School, Mao Zedong presided over a meeting of the former enemy committee. He decisively rejected the idea of ??continuing to attack Changsha and decided to turn to rural areas where the enemy's ruling power was weak to preserve and accumulate revolutionary power. From then on, the correct path was opened up for the countryside to surround the city and seize power with arms, writing a glorious page in the history of the Chinese revolution;

History

The people of Wenjia City have always loved the motherland As early as the beginning of the 19th century, Chen Shaoxiu, Chen Shaochang and others went out of the mountains to see the world, went to Changsha and even drifted to France to study. They also participated in the Xinmin Society organized by Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen and others, seeking to save the country. The truth that saves people. In 1917, Chen Shaoxiu and others invited Mao Zedong to Wenjia City for social investigation. From then on, the fire of revolution was sown in Wenjia City. During the Great Revolution, the people of Wenjia City actively supported the Northern Expedition. The children of Wenjia City actively participated in the Northern Expedition, and many of them died heroically in the battle. After the failure of the Great Revolution, Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops in the world-famous "Autumn Harvest Uprising Reunion" in Wenjia City on September 19, 1927. They raised the first red flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and headed towards Jinggangshan from here, opening up a new path. The epoch-making revolutionary path of "encircling the cities from the countryside" with Chinese characteristics has taken the first critical step towards the success of the Chinese revolution. In 1930, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led a corps to Wenjia City, and cleverly set up ambushes in Gaoshengling, Jiufeng Temple and other places to annihilate the white bandit Dai Douyuan Brigade. Not a single enemy soldier from the brigade commander to the groom escaped. For the first time in the history of the Red Army's war, a glorious front was achieved in which an entire enemy brigade was wiped out. The "Victory at Wenjia City" became a major practice of Mao Zedong's military genius during the initial establishment of our party and army, and laid the foundation for the establishment of the Red Army. During the arduous revolutionary war years, the people of Wenjia City contributed hundreds of outstanding sons and daughters to the birth of New China, and famous revolutionary martyrs such as Sun Fali, Chen Shaochang, Chen Shaoxiu, and Liunan Red Army guerrilla captain Lin Changzhang emerged. Yang Yong, who came out of here, became a famous general of our party and army for his bravery and skill in fighting. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of general. Hu Yaobang, a proletarian revolutionary and former general secretary of the party, also studied in Wenjia City and embarked on the road of revolution under the education and influence of Wenjia City Communist Party member Chen Shiqiao and others. A large number of Red Army slogans and the "Spring Gong Ci" sung among the people, which are still preserved in the Liu Family Ancestral Hall, Hekou House and other places, are historical witnesses of the vigorous revolutionary struggle in Wenjia City at that time. Wenjia City is a small town in the south of Liuyang City on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, more than 100 kilometers away from the provincial capital Changsha. For those who like self-driving travel, it only takes more than 2 hours to drive from Changsha.

"Enter the Memorial Site of Party History Events" The reporter came to Wenjia City on May 9th, flipped through this historical picture of blood and fire, and touched this magnificent historical situation. Here, the first red flag of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was shown

This small town called "Shi", according to legend, the Wen family began to live here in the Ming Dynasty, and gradually formed a market, and Wenjia City became the Got its name. Mao Zedong, a young man who had visited Wenjia City three times, called this kind and warm place his "grandma" home because his mother's surname was Wen.

Compared with some well-known red attractions, the Wenjia City Autumn Harvest Uprising Reunion Memorial Hall is less crowded and more quiet. The staff told reporters that there are not too many visitors here every year, which seems a bit inconsistent with its famous name outside.

But looking at the current situation, you can’t imagine that back in time 84 years ago, this place was famous all over the country!

On September 9, 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by 34-year-old Mao Zedong broke out on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. Guns and cannons shook the sky, and flags were flying. The insurrectionary troops advanced westward in one go, aiming directly for the provincial capital Changsha.

The troops suffered setbacks on the way, and the Front Committee had to temporarily abandon the plan to attack Changsha.

On September 19, the No. 3 uprising troops gathered in Wenjia City. Here, the first bright red flag of the sickle and hammer of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army was raised!

That night, the former enemy committee held a meeting at Liren School and made a major decision concerning the future of the Chinese revolution: Based on the situation where the enemy is strong and we are weak, we will change the plan to attack Changsha and go to rural areas where the enemy's ruling power is weak. , carry out armed struggle and establish revolutionary base areas.

Since then, the Chinese revolution has embarked on the bright road of "surrounding the cities from the countryside and seizing power with arms." Here, it also became a strategic turning point in the Chinese revolution. The "spark" ignited in Wenjia City eventually formed a "prairie fire" across the country.

"The army calls for workers' and peasants' revolution, and its banner is sickle and axe. We will not stop in the Kuanglu area, but march straight to Xiaoxiang. The landlords are oppressing us hard, and the peasants all share the same hatred. During the autumn harvest, the dusk clouds are sad, and there is a riot with a thunderbolt."

On the right side of the hall of the memorial hall, Mao Zedong’s "Moon on the West River" "Autumn Harvest Uprising" suddenly came into view. A history of blood and fire, in the writings of revolutionary romantic poets, is so majestic and soul-stirring.

The former site of the Wenjia City Alliance is at Liren School next to the memorial hall.

The school was built in 1841. It was originally named Wenhua Academy and was renamed Liren School in 1912. Although it has been eroded by wind and rain for more than 100 years, it still retains its momentum in our eyes.

According to the Liren School Chronicle, Zhang Guotao and Luo Zhanglong, famous figures in the history of the Communist Party of China, once taught here. In 1926, principal Chen Shiqiao established the first Communist Party branch in Wenjia City here to lead the local revolutionary struggle...

The current Liren School has been renovated and has a neat and elegant appearance. Some slogans left over from that era can still be seen at the school gate, most of which were written between 1927 and 1930. "Establishing workers' and peasants' political power", "attacking the local tyrants to divide the land", "Long live the Red Army"... Today, people can't help but think of the turbulent events here back then.

That night, the red flame avoided the fate of being extinguished

Dacheng Hall is the most eye-catching building unit of Liren School.

The Confucius plaque in the temple is located among them, giving people a sense of the fragrance of books coming from the depths of history.

However, Liren School is remarkable not just for this reason.

The reporter followed the guide through several doors and entered a somewhat hidden courtyard. The four houses are lined up in a row, and from outside to inside, the commanders and participants of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, such as Yang Lisan, Mao Zedong, Lu Deming, Yu Sadu, etc., lived in sequence.

There is a pomegranate tree in the courtyard of the small courtyard. The staff swore to reporters: This pomegranate tree has only bloomed but not produced fruit for more than 100 years. Only in 1976, when Mao Zedong passed away, did it bear a fruit as big as a fist.

Legends always sound mysterious, but they are far from the moving legends of history.

On the evening of September 19, 1927, in a classroom in the back building of Liren School, Mao Zedong presided over a meeting of the Former Enemies Committee to decide the fate of the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops.

At the beginning of the meeting, everyone discussed the fighting situation during the 10 days of the uprising. When discussing the central issue of "the direction of the entire army's march" in the next step, a heated debate began.

The opinions of division commander Yu Sadu and former secretary of the Enemy Committee Mao Zedong are completely inconsistent. Yu Sadu believed that the attack on Changsha should continue. After analyzing the situation in which the enemy was strong and we were weak, and the revolution was temporarily at a low ebb, Mao Zedong believed that attacking Changsha, the provincial capital with strong reactionary forces, would undoubtedly be "an egg against a stone." He advocated the implementation of a strategic retreat, retreating to rural areas where the enemy's ruling power was weak, retreating to the borders of the three provinces of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi, insisting on armed struggle in rural areas, and establishing rural revolutionary base areas.

After patient persuasion, Mao Zedong’s proposal won the support of the commander-in-chief Lu Deming and most other members of the front committee.

As for the outcome of the debate that night, history has already given the answer: the Chinese revolution has thus embarked on a development path of "rural areas surrounding cities and armed seizure of power."

The weak red flame avoided the fate of being extinguished that night!

Helen Snow was the first foreign journalist to visit the former meeting place in Wenjia City. She wrote: "In this school in Wenjia City, people can feel the profound myth of Mao Zedong. It was in this ancient ancestral hall in Liuyang, Hunan that Mao Zedong gathered a thousand heroic young people in 1927 and armed them Their weapons were mainly red tassel guns and red ideas. This meeting voted to continue to defy all God, all landlords, and all counter-revolutionary forces - to march towards the green forest where the Hakka people live - the Jinggangshan base area."

Although the researcher believes that this passage contains several obvious errors, her description of the strategic turning point in the development path of the Chinese revolution is still consistent with historical reality.

On September 20, 1927, the loud sound of bugles summoned more than 1,500 workers and peasants revolutionary officers and soldiers to the playground of Liren School. Standing on the steps in front of Caoping, Mao Zedong said loudly to the workers and peasants' revolutionary army soldiers: Although the Autumn Harvest Uprising suffered some setbacks, it was nothing. The important thing is that we must learn from our failures. The reactionaries are not terrible. As long as we unite closely and continue to fight bravely, the final victory will definitely be ours.

Speaking of this, Mao Zedong made an analogy: "We are like a small stone, and Chiang Kai-shek is like a big water tank; but as long as we unite closely and fight bravely, our little stone will one day be defeated." Let’s kill Chiang Kai-shek’s big water tank!”

There is an old Chinese saying that everything is difficult at the beginning. If you want to revolution, you must not be afraid of difficulties. As long as we grit our teeth and get through this hurdle, the revolution will always succeed. !

At this point, the soldiers clapped their hands desperately, and the fog that shrouded the team was instantly blown away.

Zhang Rongfu, a resident of Wenjia City who is now 93 years old, was still a child less than 10 years old at that time.

The old man recalled that on the morning of September 20, 1927, the soldiers of the Autumn Harvest Uprising gathered on the playground of Liren School. “They almost filled the lawn. Mao Zedong was wearing an ordinary old blue cloth peasant uniform. Wearing leggings and straw sandals, I stood on the steps in front of the playground and spoke. "I squeezed in through the crack in the door to listen. "

Actually, two 10-year-old students Yazi and their friends were lying on the wall of Caoping courtyard. They also saw this unforgettable scene and listened with their own ears to Mao Zedong's strong Xiangtan accent. Passionate mobilization.

One of these two villains was Hu Yaobang, who later served as the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the other was the heroic and capable founding general Yang Yong.

< p>This should not be a legend interpreted by later generations. In addition to the officially published party history research materials, there are more convincing supporting materials.

Hu Yaobang and Yang Yong. A cousin was studying at Liren School at the time.

In 2008, memorial staff discovered a rare photo in Jiangxi - a group photo of Liren School students sitting in the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1929. In the playground where the mobilization meeting was held, a little boy wearing white clothes sitting in the middle was 14-year-old Hu Yaobang; the taller boy wearing black clothes next to him was Yang Yong.

< p>The Cao Ping of Liren School is a lush green lawn of 400 to 500 square meters. Liu Haiyan, a first-year junior high school student in Wenjia Town, has lived in Wenjia Town since she was a child. She has been curious about Liren School from then on. She learned that she wanted to get close. When a reporter asked Haiyan what happened at Liren School that impressed her most, the little girl blurted out: "Hu Yaobang was studying and told Chairman Mao the story of a pebble smashing a big water tank. ”

Wenjia City is a small town destined to be written in the history of the Chinese revolution.

According to Tan Qingqi, director of the memorial hall, the Wenjia City victory in 1930 On the Gaosheng Ridge of the site, the trenches dug by the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army still exist intact and circle the mountain several times; revolutionary sites such as Yang Yong's former residence are also well preserved; intangible cultural heritage such as "Autumn Harvest Uprising Song" have also been preserved. Good protection... They are all telling the historical glory of this town.

Today's Wenjia City is also continuing to tell the touching legend. The former revolutionary area has become an economically powerful town. In 2005, the fiscal and tax revenue exceeded 100 million yuan, making it the first town in the province to exceed 100 million yuan. It was the first red benchmark for "townships with 100 million yuan" in the country's old revolutionary areas. By 2010, the fiscal revenue had led all Liuyang cities for 10 consecutive years. Townships.

Border towns are writing new history!