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Nuouo

Sound and form. It's hard to tell from people. Original meaning: Walk moderately.

(1) has the same original meaning [moderation; Abstinence]

Smile like jade. -"The Book of Songs Feng Wei Zhu Shu"

(2) refers to any slogan for the exhibition of the devil's cause in ancient festivals.

The villagers are all sorrowful, and they are standing on the steps of the court Ji Lang. (pheasant: refers to the steps of the east in ancient times. )-"The Analects of Confucius, Hard-working Township Head"

Another example is: exorcism (exorcism, exorcism); Exorcism (a song sung in a ceremony to exorcise epidemic ghosts); Nuo drum (drum sound in the epidemic dispelling ceremony)

Nuó shé n, a god of exorcism, is superstitious about the legendary god of exorcism.

Nuo Opera is a kind of local opera, which is popular in Guichi, Qingyang, Anhui and the mountainous areas in western Hubei. Actors wearing willow masks perform repetitive and large-scale routine dance movements, mostly during festivals.

drive out/turn away evil spirits

(1) gentle walking posture: "Yu Pei ~".

(2) The ritual of exorcising epidemic ghosts in ancient twelfth lunar month: ~ dance. ~ Drama (one of the local operas in China, in which actors wear wooden masks and often use repetitive and large-scale program actions to express exorcism, blessing and simple battle stories). ~ God (the legendary god who banished the plague).

Zheng code: NXNI, u: 50a9,: D9D0.

Number of strokes: 12, radical: Qi

Guichi folks have a saying that "nothing is impossible." Almost all the families who lived here before the Qing Dynasty had Nuo activities. At present, it is popular in many villages in the east and south of Guichi, as well as Lingyang, du cun and other towns in Qingyang County. Its activities are limited to the social sacrificial circle established by families or different families because of geographical relationship or in-laws relationship. Reflect the characteristics of ancient farming culture.

Nuo originated from the pursuit of epidemic diseases in primitive society. There is a Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Oracle Bone Inscriptions that can drive away epidemic ghosts indoors. "The Analects of Confucius and the Rural Party" recorded "villagers' Nuo". In the Han Dynasty, a "big Nuo" ceremony was held every year in front of the palace. In addition to wearing masks to imitate twelve kinds of beasts and dancing to exorcise ghosts, there are also children singing God's songs with drums. The anti-epidemic activities in Guichi, also known as "Nuo", followed the ancient Nuo culture tradition in the Central Plains. It is advocated that Guichi is located in the south of the Yangtze River, which was the land of wuyue and Jingchu in ancient times and belongs to the rice producing area. Therefore, Guichi Nuo has its own distinctive regional cultural characteristics, which is the product of long-term blending of Central Plains culture and Yue Chu culture. The history of Nuo spreading in Guichi is not recorded in the history books. The local chronicles of Jiajing Chizhou in the Ming Dynasty first briefly summarized the Nuo activities in Guichi area. Compared with today, the recorded activities are still basically the same. A Qing Lang Xiang's "Records of Xinghua Village" records the pilgrimage of Prince Xiao Tong of Liang Zhaoming (known as "the owner of the village" by Chi people) in four rural Nuo teams in Chizhou on August 15th. According to textual research, before Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Guichi held a nationwide pilgrimage to the "landowner" every autumn, which reflected the farming cultural tradition of praying for land in spring and reporting in autumn. Studying Guichi Nuo from the existing ritual dance, drama, music and folk activities is the product of long-term cultural accumulation. It has both the original connotation of nature worship and the influence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. In terms of art, the level of ancient culture has also been clearly displayed, such as Yan Dance and Tai Dance in Han Dynasty, Huteng Dance and Xiliang Geisha in Tang Dynasty. In the drama, we can also see the influence of Bianwen, Ci-Hua, puppet, village folk songs, zaju and Nanxi in the Song Dynasty on Nuo culture. Therefore, Guichi Nuo has multi-disciplinary research value.

After Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, due to the influence of many wars, the Nuo opera activities in Guichi gradually declined, and some families' Nuo operas were lost. Those who were not lost also showed the degradation of their skills because of long-term dropping out of school. At the end of 1960s, Nuo activities once disappeared. Since 1982, some villages have resumed performances.

Nuo culture

Nuo is the only ancient Nuo opera in the Yellow River Basin, and it is known as the "living fossil of drama". It is a ritual in the ancient totem worship period, with the purpose of praying for the gods to drive away ghosts and plagues and bless the people to live a peaceful life.

According to expert research, Wu 'an Nuo has a history of at least 500 years. During the Cultural Revolution, the performance was stopped as a superstitious activity, and the Lantern Festival resumed on 1987. Under normal circumstances, Nuo opera performances must be held for three consecutive years, and then closed for another three years. In case of major social changes or natural disasters, respond at any time.

Wu 'an Nuo consists of two parts: sacrifice and performance. Sometimes these two parts are held separately, and sometimes they are crossed. It is held on the 14th, 15th and 16th of the first month. Sacrifice includes four parts: inviting God, welcoming God, offering God and sending God away. According to the memory of the old people in Guyi Village, there were more than 60 God cards in the old days. The performance projects mainly include team play (including mask play), competition play, float, dry boat, dragon dance, lion dance, overlord whip, martial arts and other folk art forms. More than 600 people directly participated in the performance, including 1000 auxiliary personnel.

The highlight of Wuannao is catching yellow ghosts. Catch the Yellow Ghost is a pantomime performed along the street, and its roles include Yan Luowang, the judge, GREAT GHOST, the second ghost, the jumping ghost and the caught yellow ghost. The yellow ghost is not only the personality image of disasters such as floods, pests and epidemics, but also the representative of evil forces such as disobedience and unfilial, bullying the weak and fearing the hard. Through a series of ceremonies, it showed the people's good wishes to overcome natural disasters and yearn for a happy life.

Wu 'an Nuo Opera, which presents distinctive cultural characteristics of the Yellow River Basin, is rare in China with its huge scale, vigorous momentum, rich content, profound historical and cultural implications and enthusiasm for mass participation. It is reported that Hebei Province has listed "Wu 'an Nuo" as one of the top ten national folk culture rescue projects in the province.

Pingxiang Nuo researchers call it the treasure house of Nuo culture in China, because it has a long history, and because it has three treasures that are not found in other areas, namely Nuo temple, Nuo mask and Nuo dance. There are a large number of Nuo temples in these three treasures, which are the largest in China. The remains of ancient Nuo masks are the best in China. In Pingxiang, the reporter learned that Pingxiang Nuo has a huge lineup, with at most 126 masks. Then, Pingxiang Nuo, which has been handed down to this day, is it all jade tiles in the face of multiple historical and cultural shocks for thousands of years?

Pingxiang has a legend about "bronze mask". It is said that ancient Nuo masks were all made of copper. More than a thousand years ago, it was extinct because of "blasphemy" and was carved from camphor wood. There is a saying among the people that "Da 'anli emperors take turns to do it" is reasonable. One theory is that five Nuo teams fought for the last bronze mask, and finally they were mediated by their ancestors. Five Nuo teams offered bronze masks in turn every year.

Pingxiang's proverb "One general in five miles, one god in ten miles (temple)" pushed Nuo to its peak. According to textual research, the reason was that Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, overthrew the rule of Yuan Dynasty and established the first year of Ming Hongwu, and immediately sent Du Jiazhen, an Anhui native, to take over Pingxiang. Because of the epidemic, Du Jiazhen is a believer, so he used Nuo to drive the epidemic in Pingxiang. Xu Zeng, the magistrate of Pingxiang County in Qing Dynasty, wrote a Nuo poem in Pingxiang dialect: "In Wujiaochang, I pretended to be the Spring Festival and was busy with people inside and outside the city; Fortunately, there is nothing wrong with Taiping. I will go dancing with you. " It can be seen that Nuo Festival has become one of the cultural activities in Pingxiang where officials and people have fun together.

Wei said, 1994, when Xue, vice president of China Academy of Art and consultant of China Nuo Research Association, inspected Pingxiang Nuo culture, he praised "Pingxiang Nuo culture has three treasures, which are rare in China".

Not only that, Professor Liang Rensheng of the Central Academy of Fine Arts also said: "The Nuo culture in Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province is wonderful, and some of them are more personal, that is, images created on the basis of local images." It is speculated that in addition to Nuo dancing, Nuo masks and Nuo temples, Professor Liang was also shocked by the weapons brought by Nuo gods when they "went out of the cave" (traveled), Nuo sedan chairs used to place masks of Tang, Ge and General Wednesday, and quaint and gorgeous Nuo costumes.

Pingxiang Nuo, a "living fossil", has finally won praises from all directions: 199 1 year, Pingxiang Nuo participated in the folk culture and art exhibition in China, Beijing. A stone Nuo weapon more than 3,000 years ago and a batch of ancient and unconstrained Nuo dance videos attracted the appreciation of the audience in the capital and scholars all over the world. Hu Qiaomu, a former member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, lamented: "You have done a good job in excavating and rescuing ancient culture"; Gillam, director of the French National Arts Council, left a message: "Seeing Nuo culture in Pingxiang is as novel as a child seeing the moon for the first time".