How to plant highland barley

Highland barley is the staple food of Tibetans, so how is highland barley planted? Let's take a look at the planting methods of highland barley that I carefully recommend for everyone, hoping to help you.

Planting method of highland barley

Carry out soil preparation

The preparation of highland barley varies with planting system, soil, weather and other factors. Rainfall should be timely in dry land during leisure period to conserve moisture, and autumn harvest crops such as potatoes and corn should be used as the previous crops of winter highland barley, and ploughing should be timely after harvest, with a depth of 20 ~ 25 cm. Do it when preparing the soil? Is it neat, smooth, loose, broken, clean and moist? . Soil preparation before sowing is beneficial to improve sowing quality, and re-applying base fertilizer combined with soil preparation is an important measure to improve highland barley yield.

Apply plantar fertilizer

What is the general principle of fertilization? Re-apply base fertilizer, use seed fertilizer well and apply seedling fertilizer early? Organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are combined, and all organic fertilizers, about 80% nitrogen fertilizer, and a small amount of phosphate fertilizer as seed fertilizer are applied to the soil in front of the pear orchard. The suitable fertilization type and dosage should also be determined according to the local soil fertility and yield index.

Prepare seeds

To achieve high yield, there must be excellent seeds, and improved varieties must meet four conditions: first, good quality; Second, high yield and great potential for increasing production; Third, varieties should adapt to local planting system and soil conditions; Fourth, it has great resistance to natural disasters such as endemic diseases, insects and weeds.

Sowing in spring

Broadcast early in time. Semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas (2,600-3,000 meters above sea level) require sowing date in mid-March, and grassland pastoral areas (3,000-3,400 meters above sea level) require sowing date in early April. Winter highland barley was sown in early October of 10 10. The sowing amount depends on the variety type, different regions, planting methods, etc. Generally, the varieties with strong tillering ability and high panicle formation rate should be sown less, while the varieties with strong tillering ability and low panicle formation rate should be multicasted. The sowing amount is greater than that of drilling, with an average consumption of seeds per mu 15 ~ 17.5 kg, generally 300,000 seeds per mu, and the row spacing of drilling is 20. Farm manure 1000 kg was used as base fertilizer, calcium superphosphate 15 kg and urea 5 kg as seed fertilizer. It is required that the seeds should be planted in the ditch as far as possible, and the depth of the seeds covered with soil should be 2 ~ 3 cm, and the deepest depth should not exceed 5 cm.

Tiantuan management

After the emergence of highland barley, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time, fill in the blank of density, break the hardening, and make the seedlings all together, so as to lay the foundation for strong seedlings. Manual weeding and chemical weeding are important field management measures to ensure the normal growth and development of highland barley. In addition to manual weeding, chemical weeding methods are widely used, among which 2,4-butyl ester is the most widely used. Generally, in the 3 ~ 4 leaf stage of highland barley, combined with intertillage weeding, chemical control of broad-leaved weeds in the field. Before the jointing stage of highland barley, 60 ~ 80 ml of 2,4-butyl ester was sprayed per mu. At the same time, attention should be paid to disease prevention and insect control, irrigation and topdressing to ensure the growth and metabolism of highland barley. Timely irrigation at seedling stage can promote ear differentiation and form large ears of highland barley, and irrigation at heading, flowering and filling stage can promote grain enrichment and nutrient accumulation of highland barley. Depending on the seedling situation, topdressing chemical fertilizer as appropriate, mainly nitrogen fertilizer (urea), preferably combined with irrigation. Topdressing 4 ~ 5 kg urea in 2-leaf 1 mu highland barley, and applying 3 ~ 4 kg urea before heading.

Planting management method of highland barley

First, fine soil preparation. Before freezing, the harrow should be suppressed in time, actively moisturized, and clods (clods) should be removed to make the harrow smooth. Through inhibition, soil water evaporation can be inhibited.

Second, crop rotation. The selection of stubble in highland barley is an important problem. Continuous cropping causes the lack of soil nutrients and aggravates the spread of diseases, pests and weeds. As a result, the output could not be improved, resulting in a reduction in production. Therefore, it is necessary to make a reasonable rotation. It takes more than three years of rotation: the general rotation methods are highland barley, potato, rape and pea.

Third, choose improved varieties. In the 1980s, our county introduced six varieties with yellow belly and white head from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Peony, Kunlun 10 varieties introduced from Zhangye Shandan in 1990s, and Beiqing 1-6 highland barley varieties introduced from Haibei Agricultural Institute of Qinghai Province all showed strong stress resistance, especially Beiqing No.6, with an average yield of more than 250 kg per mu, which is the best variety suitable for planting in Eryin Mountain Area of Dangshan County. Kunlun 10, suitable for planting in shallow mountainous areas of Eryin, is water-resistant and fertilizer-tolerant, with large panicle and many grains, high 1000-grain weight, short node thickness, cold resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance and no degradation. It has shown excellent seed characters in many years of production, and the average yield per mu in field production is above 300 kg.

Fourth, rational fertilization. Highland barley has a short growth period and is extremely sensitive to nutrient demand in the early stage. According to this characteristic, highland barley needs organic fertilizer for decomposition. The application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be scientific, the base fertilizer should be sufficient and the topdressing should be early. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required for highland barley production is 1: 0.5: 0.8, and 8 kg of pure nitrogen, 4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 6 kg of potassium oxide are applied per mu, and trace fertilizers can be supplemented reasonably. Foliar topdressing can be used. Every five minutes? Spray for 7 days 1 time, generally 3 times is appropriate.

Fifth, reasonable close planting. Generally, the density of highland barley depends on the specific conditions such as different regions, variety characteristics, early sowing and late sowing, and fat soil. Soil and fertilizer conditions are excellent and should be planted reasonably close. The sowing amount per mu should be strictly controlled at 18 kg, and the basic seedlings per mu should be at 28? About 300,000 plants, so the yield is the best.

Sixth, sow in time. After Grain Rain and before the long summer, it is most suitable for planting highland barley. Too early or too late is not conducive to the increase of yield, and the sowing depth should be controlled at 5? 6 centimeters.

Seven, on-site management.

1, apply sole fertilizer. Before sowing, according to the requirements of optimizing fertilization, fertilization should be carried out in autumn as far as possible. If there is no condition, chemical fertilizer can be applied deeply and early to avoid injury to seedlings by mixed planting.

2. Top dressing in time. Ensure that highland barley will become? Money in the womb? . Strive to combine rainfall in the early stage of two leaves and one heart, and topdressing urea 4? 6 kg, which laid the foundation for increasing tillers, panicles and seeds of highland barley.

3, intertillage weeding. Barley is vulnerable to weeds in the early stage, which affects barley yield. In the period of two leaves and one heart, 72% of 2.4? Tintin ester is sprayed with 40 grams of water and 30 kilograms per mu.

4, foliar spraying fertilizer. Spraying 0 0. 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, adding 30 kg of water and 0.5 kg of urea from booting stage to early filling stage of highland barley? 1 kg. It has a good effect on prolonging leaf function, filling and maturing smoothly and improving 1000-grain weight.

5, timely harvest. The suitable harvest period of highland barley is wax ripening period, the whole field turns golden yellow, and the seeds are harvested in time when they are full.

6, pest control. To control the head smut of highland barley, fenxiuning should be used for seed dressing or spraying 1000 times solution. After several years of large-scale prevention and control, the rodent damage in farmland has been alleviated, but it is still serious in some places. We should continue to take comprehensive control measures to expand the protected area as much as possible to ensure the increase of highland barley production and income.

High-yield cultivation method of highland barley

1. Select excellent varieties for popularization and planting.

Selecting excellent sowing varieties is the key to ensure high yield. Farmers and herdsmen in Tibetan areas generally have a low level of education and are slow to accept new things because of the influence of traditional customs, so it is necessary to increase the promotion of excellent varieties.

2. Do a good job in the prevention and control of highland barley

The middle and late stage of highland barley refers to the growth cycle from jointing to filling, which is about two months. During this period, pests and diseases are prone to occur, so it is necessary to control and prevent them. There are two ways to control pests and diseases.

The diseases of highland barley are mainly smut, rust and powdery mildew. Generally speaking, it is safer to give priority to prevention, and spray pesticides in time to suit the remedy.

Pests need to spray pesticides at the corresponding time. The main pest is aphids, and the period from jointing stage to filling stage is the period when aphids mainly harm highland barley. Spraying pesticides in time during this period is the key to the growth of highland barley.

3. Choose suitable highland barley growing environment

In order to obtain ideal yield, it is very important to choose a good land for farming. Although highland barley is located in the alpine region, it is equally important to choose the land for growth. It mainly chooses the land with moderate pH, loose soil, high water holding capacity, adequate nutrition and no nutrient loss for planting.

4. Prevent highland barley from lodging

Lodging is one of the main reasons for the low yield of highland barley, and the variety itself is not resistant to lodging. Secondly, the density is too high, and too much fertilizer is applied when planting, which leads to lodging; Thirdly, irrigation and fertilization should be reasonable, and insufficient irrigation or unreasonable fertilization will affect the final highland barley yield.

5. Do a good job in extracting excellent varieties.

In the process of planting, only by extracting excellent highland barley varieties in time can the future highland barley provenance be guaranteed, and only by cultivating excellent highland barley varieties can the future highland barley provenance be guaranteed.

6. Harvesting highland barley in time when it is ripe.

Timely harvest is one of the important steps to obtain high yield of highland barley. Early or late harvest will affect the yield and quality of highland barley. The best harvest time is at the end of sallow, and more than 90% of the whole planting area turns from green to yellow. It is most suitable to choose this period for harvesting and preservation. This is also the last step of high yield of highland barley.

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