Fire safety knowledge (knowledge)

1. How to use electricity safely in residential buildings?

(1) install the switchboard reasonably. Install the switchboard in an outdoor safe place. Do not pile flammable and combustible articles such as firewood and clothes under the switchboard to prevent the hot molten beads from falling and igniting the articles after the fuse melts. The choice of fuse should be based on the maximum household electricity consumption, and it is not allowed to replace the thick fuse or replace it with copper, iron wire or aluminum wire at will. Conditional families should install qualified air switch or leakage protection device, which can act in time and cut off the current when the electricity consumption is overloaded or accidents such as electric shock occur.

(2) Use the power cord correctly. The main line of household power cord should be at least 4mm2 copper core wire, aluminum skin wire or plastic sheath line. In dry room, general insulated conductor can be used, while in wet room, insulated conductor with protective layer should be used, and flexible cord with good quality should be used for frequently moving electrical equipment. The wires with serious aging should be replaced in time.

(3) arrange wires reasonably. Reasonable and standardized wiring is beautiful and safe, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of short circuits. If the wires are exposed, to prevent the insulation layer from being damaged, you can choose wires with better quality or wear flame-retardant PVC plastic pipes for protection; Wear a light flame-retardant sleeve when passing through the surface of combustible decorations, and the wires in the ceiling of a room with a ceiling should be protected by metal pipes or flame-retardant PVC plastic pipes. For the wires that need to pass through the wall, in order to prevent the insulation layer from being damaged, hard plastic pipes should be built in the wall, and the outlets at both ends extend out of the wall about 1 cm.

(4) Use household appliances correctly. First of all, we must carefully read the instruction manual of electrical appliances and pay attention to its precautions and maintenance requirements. Generally, household appliances such as air conditioners, microwave ovens, electric water heaters and baking boxes should not be turned on and off frequently. After use, they should not only be turned off, but also the power plug should be unplugged. If possible, it is best to install a separate air switch. For some household appliances with insufficient capacitor withstand voltage, the capacitor will be burnt down due to heat or moisture, and if the temperature is abnormal, the power should be cut off to check and troubleshoot, and a voltage stabilizer should be added to the line.

(5) do a good job of fire prevention and extinguishing. When people leave home or sleep, check whether the electrical appliances are cut off. It is very necessary for families with conditions to buy a small fire extinguisher of more than 2 kilograms. At home, they should also prepare necessary fire escape tools such as flashlights, ropes and towels. Once there is an electrical fire, don't panic. First, switch off the power in time, call the neighbors for help loudly, dial the fire alarm number 119, and at the same time, put out the fire quickly with water, wet quilts or fire extinguishers prepared at ordinary times. If the fire is too big, you should avoid danger in time, never love money, and don't want to part with furniture and property. Life is the most important thing, and running for your life is important.

2. What should I pay attention to when using electricity in the kitchen?

(1) Wet hands are not allowed to touch electrical appliances and devices, otherwise it is easy to get an electric shock. It is best to use a pull switch for the light switch.

(2) The power fuse cannot be replaced by copper wire. Because copper wire has a high melting point, it is not easy to fuse and can not protect the circuit, so appropriate fuse should be selected.

(3) The lamp holder should be screw type, and a safety cover should be installed.

(4) After using the movable electrical appliances such as rice cookers, electric woks and induction cookers, in addition to turning off the switches, the plugs should also be unplugged to prevent the switches from failing. Because long-term electrification will damage electrical appliances and cause fire.

Under normal circumstances, ordinary families should not use electric stoves. If they want to use electric stoves, they should have special lines. The household lighting circuit cannot be connected with an electric furnace, because the electric heating wire of the electric furnace is easy to contact with the heater, which directly or indirectly causes an electric shock accident.

3. Will fluorescent lamps cause fire?

Although the temperature of fluorescent lamps is not high, actually fires caused by fluorescent lamps also occur from time to time. Why? The problem is not the lamp tube, but the ballast of the fluorescent lamp.

Different specifications of fluorescent lamps have different requirements for voltage and current, so they should be equipped with a ballast to reduce voltage and limit current. The ballast consists of enameled coils and silicon steel sheets. Its structure is like a small transformer, except that it has only one set of coils. When the ballast is energized, it consumes a part of electric energy and converts it into heat energy. Therefore, after the ballast is electrified, both the coil and the silicon steel sheet will heat up, especially the ones with poor quality will be more prone to heat up. If the temperature is too high, the insulation will be damaged and a short circuit will be formed, which will ignite the nearby combustible materials.

therefore, when purchasing, you should choose good quality ballast. When installing, you should not install ballast directly on combustible materials, and pay attention to keeping a certain distance from combustible materials. In daily life, you should also pay attention to moisture prevention and ventilation, and it is best not to turn on and off fluorescent lamps frequently.

4. How to prevent microwave oven fire?

(1) Avoid using closed containers: wide-mouth containers should be used when heating liquids, because the heat generated by food heating in closed containers is not easy to dissipate, so that the pressure in the containers is too high and it is easy to cause blasting accidents. Even when cooking food with shells, you should pierce the shells with needles or chopsticks in advance to avoid bursting after heating, splashing and polluting the furnace wall, or splashing and injuring people.

(2) Avoid fried food: high-temperature oil will splash and cause fire. In case of accidental fire in the furnace, don't open the door, but turn off the power first, and then open the door to cool down after the fire is extinguished.

(3) avoid working in front of the microwave oven for a long time: after turning on the micro-oven, people should stay away from the microwave oven or stay at least 1 meter away from the microwave oven.

(4) Eggs with shells and food with sealed packages cannot be directly cooked. In case of explosion.

(5) The furnace should always be kept clean. After disconnecting the power supply, wipe it with a damp cloth and a neutral detergent, do not rinse it, and do not let water flow into the appliances in the furnace.

5. How to prevent electric mattress fire?

(1) See if the voltage used is the same as that of the home power supply.

(2) Don't wet the electric mattress, otherwise it will easily cause electric leakage.

(3) avoid breaking the heating wire to prevent short circuit.

(4) the power-on time should not be too long.

(5) Ordinary electric mattress should not be used with other heat sources such as hot water bottles at the same time to avoid local overheating.

(6) Unplug the electric mattress after use.

6. How to prevent electric fan fire?

(1) The continuous working hours should not be too long, and they should be used at intervals as far as possible. You must unplug the power plug when you stop using it.

(2) Do not let water or metal objects enter the inside of the electric fan, in case of short circuit and ignition.

(3) Add engine oil or sewing machine oil to the oil hole regularly to keep lubrication and avoid heating of the motor. Remove the dirt from the shell and cut off the power supply.

(4) in case of abnormal conditions such as high power consumption or high temperature of the casing, it is necessary to timely repair.

(5) In case of abnormal noise, smoke, burning smell, and numbness of the shell, power-off measures should be taken quickly.

7. How to prevent air conditioner fire?

(1) Before starting the air conditioner, check whether there are any loose screws, fan displacement and other foreign objects, and eliminate them in time to prevent accidents.

(2) The air conditioner should be equipped with protective devices (such as thermal fuse protectors, etc.). In case of failure, the fuse will be disconnected to cut off the power supply.

(3) When using the air conditioner, it should be operated in strict accordance with the requirements for the use of the air conditioner.

(4) Sufficient margins should be reserved for the watt-hour meter and wires of the air conditioner, and appropriate power fuses should be selected, so that the power supply can be cut off in time in case of overload.

(5) The air conditioner must be protected by grounding or zero connection, and the thermal insulation resistance should not be lower than 2MΩ before it can be used. The sealed terminal block of the fully enclosed compressor should be subjected to withstand voltage and insulation tests to prevent it from causing the spilled cold oil to catch fire.

(6) Flammable articles shall not be stacked around the air conditioner, and curtains shall not be draped over the window air conditioner.

(7) The air conditioner should be operated under the close supervision of the owner, and when people leave, the switch should be connected and the power cut off. Even air conditioners with remote control devices should not be used without people for a long time.

8. How to prevent electric iron fire?

(1) When using the electric iron, we should overcome the careless and careless thinking, and we should not leave the electric iron in disorder, and the personnel should not leave after the electric iron is electrified.

(2) The electric iron cannot be stored in a hurry until it is completely cooled. Even if there is a power failure, all power supplies must be cut off (because once the call comes in, it may cause a fire).

(3) The backing plate for placing the electric iron should not only have a considerable thickness (using incombustible materials), but also be far away from all combustible materials, because the experiment proves that the back temperature of 4cm red brick can reach 42℃ after being heated for 14O minutes; The back temperature of .8cm steel plate and 1．5cm asbestos plate can reach 28 degrees Celsius after being heated for 9 minutes and 68 minutes respectively, which has reached the ignition point of ordinary fabrics.

(4) Install and connect according to the instructions, and the power supply voltage should meet the requirements. The power supply line and the lead-out wire of the electric iron should have enough cross sections to prevent overload.

9. How to prevent TV fire?

(1) The TV set should be placed in a well-ventilated place, not in a cabinet or kitchen. If it is placed in a cabinet or kitchen, more holes should be opened in the cabinet and kitchen (especially in the corresponding parts of the cooling holes of the TV set) to facilitate wind cooling.

(2) Keep the TV away from the stove and heating pipe. Continuous viewing time should not be too long. Generally, it should be turned off for a period of time after 4-5 hours of continuous viewing, especially in high temperature season.

(3) The power supply voltage should be normal, and the power supply should be cut off after watching TV.

(4) The TV set should be placed in a dry place. In rainy season, attention should be paid to preventing moisture. If the TV set is not used for a long time, it should be used for several hours every once in a while. When the TV set is in use, liquid should be prevented from entering the TV set.

(5) Outdoor antenna or antenna for * * * shall be equipped with lightning protection facilities. Lightning arresters should be well grounded, and outdoor antennas should not be used as much as possible in thunderstorm days.

(6) Turn off the TV immediately if it smokes or smells burnt. If the TV is on fire, unplug the power supply first, cut off the power supply, and put out the fire with a dry powder fire extinguisher. When there is no fire extinguisher, cover the TV with a quilt and cotton blanket to isolate the air and suffocate the fire. Don't pour it with water, because the temperature of the TV set is high at this time, and the picture tube will explode when it suddenly gets cold.

1. How to prevent refrigerator fire?

(1) Do not store dangerous chemicals inside the refrigerator; If it must be stored, pay attention to the absolute sealing of the container to prevent its leakage.

(2) Ensure that the back of the refrigerator is dry and ventilated, and do not put combustible materials behind the refrigerator; Do not contact the power cord of refrigerator with compressor and condenser.

(3) When the electric control equipment of the refrigerator fails, it should be stopped immediately for inspection and repair. It is necessary to prevent the temperature-controlled electrical switch from getting wet.

(4) After the refrigerator is cut off, it will take at least 5 minutes to restart.

11. how to prevent the fire of washing machine?

(1) Connect the wires before using the washing machine to prevent electric leakage and electric shock.

(2) Before putting clothes away, check clothes pockets for keys, knives, coins and other items. These hard things should not enter the washing machine.

(3) The amount of clothes washed each time should not exceed the rated capacity of the washing machine, otherwise the motor may be damaged due to overload.

(4) It is forbidden to put the clothes wiped by flammable liquids such as gasoline into the washing machine immediately for washing. You can't pour gasoline into the washing machine to remove oil stains.

(5) always check whether the insulation layer of the power lead is in good condition. If it is worn out, aged or cracked, it should be replaced in time. Always check whether the washing machine leaks. If it leaks, stop using it and repair it as soon as possible. The washing machine should be placed in a relatively dry and ventilated place.

(6) after the power is turned on, if the motor does not turn, it should be powered off immediately, and then used after troubleshooting. If the timer and selector switch are in poor contact, they should be stopped.

12. What should I pay attention to when using electrical appliances in summer?

(1) For TV sets, air conditioners and other electrical appliances, the use time should not last too long in summer, generally not more than 1 hours, especially for TV sets, it is best to stop using after watching for four or five hours, and take cooling measures; For electric water heaters, always check whether the automatic regulating device is damaged, so as to avoid overheating and cause explosion or fire; The refrigerator should also be placed in a ventilated place.

(2) Never install electric lights in the wardrobe to bake clothes.

(3) For electrical appliances that are frequently used in summer, such as electric shower, desk fan, washing machine, etc., some practical measures should be taken to prevent electric shock, such as frequently testing whether the metal shell is charged with an electric pen and installing an electric shock protector (leakage switch).

(4) In summer, there is a lot of rain and water is used. If the home is accidentally flooded, the power supply should be cut off first, that is, the main switch or fuse in the home should be pulled off to prevent the household appliances being used from accidents due to flooding and insulation damage. Secondly, after the power supply is cut off, the household appliances that may be soaked will be moved to a place where they are not soaked, so as to prevent the insulation from being soaked and damp, which will affect future use. If the electrical equipment has been soaked in water, there is a great possibility that the insulation will be wet. Before using it again, the insulation resistance should be tested with a shaking table dedicated to the insulation of the equipment. If it meets the specified requirements, it can be used, otherwise the insulation should be dried until the insulation is good.

(5) Frequent use of household appliances in summer may lead to fuse blowing, which is a warning of excessive power consumption. Do not change the fuse thicker and thicker, so as not to fuse in time during short circuit, causing the wire to catch fire.

(6) Unplug the electrical appliances that are idle or used up.

13. What should I pay attention to in electrical decoration?

in electrical decoration, such as indoor circuit wiring, arrangement of switch sockets, installation of chandeliers and ceiling fans, we should not only pursue convenience, pursue beauty and save materials, but also consider the whole decoration from the perspective of safety to avoid burying hidden dangers of accidents.

(1) you should ask an electrician who has passed the examination and has an electrician's certificate to carry out electrical decoration for you.

(2) The electrical materials used must be qualified products, such as wires, switches, sockets, leakage switches, lamps and so on.

(3) A distribution box with a leakage switch must be installed at the incoming line of the house. Because of the earth leakage switch, once the earth leakage occurs in the home, such as the electric shell is charged, personal electric shock, etc., the earth leakage switch will trip, thus ensuring personal safety.

(4) When wiring indoors, the socket loop and the lighting loop should be wired separately. The socket loop should use a single-stranded insulated copper wire with a cross section of not less than 2.5 square millimeters, and the lighting loop should use a single-stranded insulated copper wire with a cross section of not less than 1.5 square millimeters. Generally, plastic sheath line can be used.

(5) During specific wiring, the plastic sheath line or other insulated wires used shall not be directly buried in.