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The December 9th Movement is also known as the December 9th Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Movement.

On December 9, 1935, thousands of university and middle school students in Peiping (Beijing) held an anti-Japanese and national salvation demonstration to oppose North China’s autonomy, resist Japanese imperialism, demand the preservation of China’s territorial integrity, and set off a nationwide anti-Japanese and national salvation demonstration. New climax.

On December 12, students in Peiping held their fifth demonstration, chanting slogans such as "Assist Suiyuan in the War of Resistance" and "All parties unite." This is a large-scale student patriotic movement led by the Communist Party of China.

The December 9th Movement was a large-scale student patriotic movement led by the Communist Party of China during the Second Civil Revolutionary War. After Japanese imperialism occupied Northeast China in 1931, it launched a new invasion of North China.

In May 1935, the Japanese invaders made unreasonable demands for the dominance of North China to the Kuomintang government and threatened them with force. The Kuomintang government completely surrendered to the Japanese invaders and signed the Ho-Mei Agreement with Japan, which was humiliating and humiliating to the country, causing China to lose most of its sovereignty in Hebei and Chahar.

In October, the Japanese invaders launched the "Autonomy Movement of the Five Provinces of North China." On November 25, the Japanese invaders ordered the Han troops to establish the "Jidong Anti-Japanese Autonomous Government", and the territory of more than 20 counties in eastern Hebei was separated from China's jurisdiction.

The Kuomintang government continued to adhere to the policy of non-resistance and actually prepared to establish the "Hebei-Cha Administrative Committee" to adapt to the Japanese invaders' requirements for "specialized regime in North China."

On December 9, 1935, thousands of students in Peking (Beijing) held an anti-Japanese and national salvation demonstration under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

Extended information:

Historical background

After the "September 18th Incident", Japanese imperialism occupied Northeast China, and then launched a new attack on North China. aggression. In the second half of 1935, Japanese imperialism launched the North China Incident, further controlled Chahar, and ordered the traitor Yin Rugeng to establish a puppet regime in eastern Hebei.

The Kuomintang government continued to adhere to the policy of non-resistance and actually prepared to establish the Hebei-Cha Government Affairs Committee in December to adapt to the special requirements of the North China regime proposed by Japanese imperialism. Losing land and power, the catastrophe of national subjugation and genocide is imminent.

Development Process

On November 18, 1935, the Peking University and Middle School Student Federation was established.

On December 6, 15 universities and middle schools in Peiping issued a declaration opposing North China's "anti-Japanese autonomy" and mobilizing nationwide resistance against the enemy.

On December 7, the Peking Federation of Students held a meeting of representatives from each school to decide on the gathering time, action route and slogans for the petition march.

On December 9, the wind was freezing and the dripping water turned into ice. Under the organization and command of Huang Jing, Yao Yilin, Guo Mingqiu and other Communist Party members, patriotic students participating in the anti-Japanese and national salvation petition march took to the streets.

On December 10, major middle and high schools in Peiping issued a joint declaration announcing a general strike starting from that day.

On December 11, patriotic rallies and demonstrations by students broke out in Tianjin, Baoding, Taiyuan, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing and other large and medium-sized cities. Many universities, middle schools, trade unions and other organizations , sent letters and calls to the students in Peking one after another to support the patriotic actions of the students in Peking.

On December 14, the Peiping newspaper published the news that the Kuomintang authorities planned to establish the Hebei-Cha Government Affairs Committee on December 16. The Peiping Student Federation decided to hold another demonstration on this day, pushing the student anti-Japanese and national salvation movement to a new climax.

In the early morning of December 16, students from various schools in Peiping held a massive demonstration. They held high the school flag and marched towards the overpass.

On December 18, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued a "Letter to Workers to Assist Peking Students in the National Salvation Movement", calling on male and female workers from all industries and factories across the country to rise up and convene mass meetings, issue declarations and electrify the country in protest. Traitors and traitors betrayed North China and massacred and arrested patriotic students.

On December 21, the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions sent a call to express support for the students in Peiping, calling on compatriots across the country to rise up in unison, gather the strength of the entire nation, oppose the existence of any pseudo-organization, and safeguard sovereignty and protect the country.

Treaty

1. Oppose the establishment of the Anti-Japanese Autonomous Committee and similar organizations in North China;

2. Oppose all secret negotiations between China and Japan, immediately Announce the foreign policy to deal with the current crisis;

3. Protect the people’s freedom of speech, assembly, and press;

4. Stop the civil war and immediately prepare for foreign self-defense wars;

5. People shall not be arrested arbitrarily;

6. Arrested students shall be immediately released.

Slogan

Stop the civil war and unite with the outside world!

Down with Japanese imperialism!

Oppose the autonomy of the five provinces of North China!

Recover the lost territory in Northeast China!

Down with the traitors and traitors!

Armed defense of North China!

Achievements

The December 9th Movement was widely It publicized the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang's anti-Japanese proposition to stop the civil war and unite in foreign affairs, setting off a new upsurge in the national anti-Japanese and national salvation movement.

The "December 9th" movement was another movement since the "May 4th Movement" in which patriotic students took the lead and received responses from the people across the country. It has been celebrating its 83rd anniversary.

Today, we gather here to commemorate, in response to their patriotic sentiments of "I will smile to the sky with my sword, leaving my liver and gallbladder intact"; in response to their patriotic enthusiasm of "loving the motherland above all else"; in response to their patriotic enthusiasm of "loving the motherland above all else"; Their patriotic spirit of "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country"; our hearts cannot be calm.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-129 (Historical Events)