The fourth unit description of the first volume of the eighth grade Chinese in the new curriculum standard

This unit takes "science" as the theme, and arranges five different short articles introducing scientific knowledge. They are natural languages, wonderful clones, two articles by Asimov, biological invaders, and you will hear them. In teaching this unit, we should not only pay attention to the cultivation of Chinese basic ability, but also pay attention to the cultivation of scientific spirit, scientific attitude and scientific thinking method, and strive to pursue the integration of the two, so as to improve students' humanistic quality and scientific quality.

First of all, about the text content and exercises.

Language of Nature is a traditional text, and the author introduces a scientific phenology in a simple and vivid way. We should pay attention to the following points when studying this text.

1. The first few paragraphs of the article vividly depict a wonderful picture of nature changing with seasons and phenology. Pay attention to its effect when learning; Pay attention to the accumulation of beautiful sentences.

2. After pointing out "phenology", the article explains several factors that affect phenology. In these paragraphs, the author's rigorous and realistic scientific attitude is reflected. For example, this paper not only uses specific facts to illustrate, but also uses the method of comparison and comparison, and lists the time and data to make the explanation more accurate and rigorous. From the perspective of writing, what seems to be the function of expression actually comes from the author's in-depth and meticulous observation and research.

3. Finally, the significance of studying phenology is pointed out, which makes the structure of the whole paper very complete. The structure of the full text can be roughly divided into: describing phenology, making a scientific explanation (phenology), investigating causality, and expounding research significance. The author's writing ideas are clear and clear, indicating that the problem is gradually deepening. This way of thinking and writing from phenomenon to essence is worth learning.

The first topic of "Discussion and Practice" focuses on the overall perception and understanding of the text. Understand the four small questions of the first question, and you can roughly understand the content of the full text. Therefore, we should finish the first question on the basis of reading through and being familiar with the text, so as to prevent inversion, that is, we should not read through the text, but find the answer to the text with questions. The second topic focuses on language understanding and experience, and realizes the accuracy and rigor of the author's language use. The third question is to choose to do the problem, but also to expand the problem. The two small problems here can be completed by carrying out learning activities.

Wonderful Cloning is an article written by biologist Tan Jiazhen. To learn this text, we should not only understand the cloned scientific and technological achievements, but also learn the spirit of scientists' perseverance and constant climbing on the road of science, and have a preliminary understanding of science as a "double-edged sword".

In order to explain what cloning is, the author carefully organized the materials and divided them into four subheadings, which clearly introduced what cloning is, the development of cloning technology, the birth of Dolly the sheep, and how cloning technology benefits mankind. But the author is not limited to the general knowledge introduction, but incorporates his own appreciation and serious thinking. Specifically, this paper not only introduces us to the scientific knowledge of cloning, but also shows the "scientific spirit" including China scientists, and leads readers to look at the development of science and technology in an all-round way.

Assign three exercises after class. The first question focuses on cultivating students' ability to read quickly and understand as a whole, and completes the four small questions of the first question, so as to grasp the main contents of the four sections of the text accordingly. Setting the second question is to hope that students can understand and learn the rigorous, realistic and persistent attitude and spirit of scientists through the study of the text. The third theme not only connects the text, but also expands outward, linking the development of science with related ethical, moral and legal issues, so as to gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding. The purpose of completing this problem is to make students strive to achieve the unity of scientific literacy and humanistic literacy.

Asimov's two essays are written by famous American popular science writers and science fiction writers. These two papers fully reflect the author's profound scientific vision and keen scientific vision. Learning this text can not only learn scientific knowledge, but also learn the author's thinking method of exploring problems from multiple angles. Through the teaching of this course, we should pay attention to cultivating students' good thinking methods. For example, look at the problem from the viewpoint of universal connection, development and change, from this to that, from the outside to the inside, rather than an isolated and static point of view, and learn to find the focus of research or the way to solve the problem from the connection and comparison.

The two contents contained in Asimov's Two Essays are relatively independent and interrelated, especially in the way of interpretation.

Dinosaurs Everywhere seems to introduce that dinosaurs once spread all over the world, but the central topic of the article is to demonstrate the theory of plate tectonics. The discovery of Antarctic dinosaur fossils has aroused the author's deep thought. He did not stop at the study of dinosaurs themselves, but "linked this discovery with the Antarctic continent." How did dinosaurs who didn't adapt to living in cold regions survive in Antarctica? In essence, putting forward this problem provides an idea for solving this problem. It can be seen that a good question or a correct questioning angle not only shows the research value, but also implies the possibility of problem solving. Therefore, in learning this lesson, we should guide students to be good at asking questions and put forward good questions with research value. This is only one aspect of scientific literacy.

Shattered sand is similar to dinosaurs everywhere. At first, the author was not in a hurry to demonstrate the main points to be expounded, but first introduced the question: Scientists have been arguing about a new point of view about the extinction of dinosaurs 6500 years ago: was the cause of the extinction of dinosaurs "impact" or "volcano"? After asking questions, we will discuss the timing of "breaking sand". Through the study of the nature and formation of the corresponding time, it is strongly proved that the extinction of dinosaurs was due to "impact" rather than "volcano" Both papers talked about the extinction of dinosaurs, but the starting point and purpose were different. Dinosaurs are everywhere. With the discovery of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica, the theory of plate tectonics has been proved and supported. Broken Sand explores the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs from broken sand. The former "dinosaur extinction" is the basis of exploring problems, and the latter "dinosaur extinction" is to explore problems.

The first question of "discussion and practice" after class requires learning to compare on the basis of understanding the full text, and deepening the understanding of the text through comparison. The second question focuses on the taste and scrutiny of language. The third problem is expansion. I hope the students can gain something and gain something.

Biological Invaders is an article on ecological problems. Ecological problem is the central topic of environmental problems in the world today. This text explains to us what biological invasion is and the great harm it brings, which makes us highly alert to this special ecological phenomenon. By studying this text, we can not only gain some ecological knowledge, but also cultivate our sense of responsibility to society. In addition, this article has a rigorous structure and distinct levels, from which we can learn the writing methods of expository articles.

The first topic of "discussion and practice" focuses on the overall perception and understanding of the text and clarifies the thinking of the article. The idea elaborated in this paper is roughly as follows: 1. What is a biological intruder; 2. Causes and hazards of biological invasion; 3. Explore strategies to deal with biological invasion. It is not difficult to see that the idea of the full text is written in the logical order of "the causes of the phenomenon and the solutions to the consequences". The second question aims to make students understand and master the common methods of expository writing. The third question is to choose to do it. The purpose of designing this question is to guide students to connect with the reality of life, strengthen the combination of learning and application, and let students develop the ability and habit of paying attention to the life around them in the process of combining learning and application.

"You will hear" is an essay. The selected articles are listed as "science" theme units for the following reasons. This paper describes another world observed with ears, which helps to guide students to fully perceive the surrounding life world with their own senses and cultivate their psychological quality and habits of keen perception and diligent inquiry. Most of the contents written in this article are familiar to students, which is helpful to awaken their life experience. The language of the text is vivid, lively and beautiful, and students are willing to learn and accept it. Therefore, learning this text should pay attention to guiding students to strengthen reading and accumulate language; At the same time, pay close attention to the life around you, and strive to be a sensitive and emotional person, so as to live a more colorful life.

The first topic of "discussion and practice" after class focuses on the relationship between Chinese (text) learning and life. The process of Chinese learning should be a process of awakening life and improving the understanding of life. On the one hand, we should guide students to attach importance to Chinese learning in their lives, on the other hand, we should consciously link Chinese learning with life. The second topic focuses on guiding students to taste beautiful language and strengthening language accumulation. The third question requires activities related to text learning, hoping to learn Chinese through activities and improve students' feeling and expression ability in activities.

Second, several problems that should be paid attention to in teaching

1. The theme of this unit is "science", so we should pay attention to the scientific education of students in teaching, that is, seize the opportunity, strengthen the scientific spirit, scientific attitude and scientific thinking method and dialectical materialism education, improve students' scientific literacy and form a scientific and correct world outlook.

2. The text selected in this unit is closely related to modern science and technology and modern life. In teaching, we should guide students to pay attention to the new progress of modern science and technology, the influence and changes brought by modern science and technology to human life, the life around them, and cultivate the ability and habit of scientific observation and scientific thinking.

3. This unit is basically expository writing, so we should learn the basic writing methods and common skills of expository writing in teaching, such as explanation, analogy, comparison, column number, examples and so on.

4. Pay attention to two points in the reading guidance of this unit. One is to guide students to learn to filter information, and the other is to guide students to strengthen the accumulation of language, and pay attention to the expression and stylistic characteristics of language in the process of accumulating language.

5. In teaching, the learning of scientific knowledge and the cultivation of scientific spirit should be realized by tasting language. Without language learning, you can't engage in aerial analysis or "science education".

Third, about comprehensive learning.

The comprehensive learning objectives of this unit are as follows:

1. Ways to cultivate students' critical thinking ability and multi-angle thinking through activities;

2. Cultivate students' psychological quality of independent thinking and daring to express their unique opinions;

3. Develop a good communication habit of listening patiently and respecting others' speeches;

4. Cultivate students' writing ability to use materials to explain their views;

5. Exercise students' oral expression ability in debate and communication.

To this end, the textbook has set three activity themes. The first is "talking about the advantages and disadvantages of surfing the Internet", aiming at guiding students to have a comprehensive and correct understanding of surfing the Internet. We should not only learn to make full use of online learning resources, but also distinguish the good from the bad and consciously resist the temptation of unhealthy online content. The second is to discuss "Is there only one correct answer to something?" This theme aims to guide students to break through the mindset and cultivate good thinking quality. The third is the "debate about cloning", which is a hot topic at present. The development of science and technology has brought great social progress, but at the same time it has become more and more difficult to be controlled by human beings, and even to some extent, it has reacted against human beings. How the development of science conforms to human nature and how to build a scientific and humanistic society for the future is a big problem that human beings, including every student, must face and think about. This question has a great length, which allows students to have a full discussion and debate on the basis of collecting and possessing a large amount of information. Through carrying out activities, it lays a foundation for improving students' scientific literacy and humanistic literacy.