Problem-solving skills of expository reading in junior high school

Explanatory writing, as a genre to explain and clarify the characteristics and essence of things, is the most clear. Reading questions are also relatively simple in various genres. Students should get all the marks. The following brings you the problem-solving skills of junior middle school explanatory reading questions, hoping to make it easier for you to do the questions. I hope it helps you.

I. Classification of explanatory texts:

1. explanatory text [What do you know (explanatory object) after reading the article? ]

2. Explanatory text [After reading the article, I understand what is wrong with (the object of explanation) and why? ]

Second, grasp the description object:

1. Look at the title.

2. Look at the first and last paragraphs

3. Look at the key words (such as: general statement/separate statement/transitional sentence)

4. Look at the material (analyze the characteristics of things introduced by the author paragraph by paragraph, and then summarize them. )

5. The description of things indicates: the object to be explained.

Such as "Suzhou Garden", explain? Make sure that no matter where tourists stand, they always have a perfect picture in front of them. The characteristics of.

Explanatory text points out: explain the content. (Format: Introduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. )

For example, the scientific explanation that the Dead Sea does not die is that the salinity of seawater is high.

6. Summarize the explanation center of the article:

(1) What things or things are the full text around to explain?

(2) Explain the characteristics of these things or things?

(3) from what aspects to explain things or things?

Summary method: description center = description object+feature. Summarize and explain the center, and the language should be concise. )

Third, the characteristics of the things being explained:

Generally speaking, the main point to be explained in the explanatory text is often the characteristics of things. ]

1. Find the original words and sentences.

If not, then:

2. Pay attention to the meaning of the paragraph and the central sentence.

Fourth, the common interpretation methods:

In order to explain the characteristics of things or things, it is necessary to adopt appropriate interpretation methods.

A. Common explanations are:

1. classification: (that is, the method of classifying things. For example:? How to get food? There are two different ways and methods: one is called autotrophic. The other is called heterotrophy. ? )

Example: (that is, the method of taking specific things as an example. For example:? This kind of bibliography records the literature on its specific subject or discipline. If you want to find the ancient literature of China, you should use the Summary of Sikuquanshu or the Catalogue of Rare Books of Ancient Books in China. ? )

3. analogy: (that is, the way to explain things through metaphor. For example:? Bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow. ? )

4. enumerate numbers: (that is, the method of using data to illustrate things. For example:? I don't know, this Tianhe River has flooded more than ten million stars! 10 million, it will take you more than 1000 years to calculate in one breath. ? )

Make a comparison: (that is, compare another thing with another thing and explain its characteristics. For example:? When the Yongding River flooded, it was very severe. In the past, the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed away, but nothing happened to this bridge, which shows its firmness. ? )

6. definition: (that is, indicating the meaning of a noun concept. For example:? Overall planning method is a mathematical method to arrange the work process. ? )

B. explain the function of this method:

1, for example: Is the specific image explained? what's up Features, easy for readers to understand.

2. Classification: Is it clear? .

3. for example: vividly explained? what's up Features, enhance the interest of the article.

4. Column number: scientific, accurate and specific description? what's up trait

5. Contrast: Pass? And then what? Compare, highlight? what's up Characteristics (status, influence, etc. ).

6. Definition: Complete, scientific and accurate explanation? The essential characteristics that distinguish it from other things.

7. draw a chart: intuitive image? .

8. Interpretation: Interpretation is used to explain the reasons and internal relations of the explained content.

9. Imitation: It can make the explanation vivid and make the article more readable.

C. Understand the function of interpretation method (expressive effect):

1. Explain the expressive function of each interpretation method.

2. Make clear what this explanation method is used to explain, that is, expression+explanation content.

Fifth, the interpretation order commonly used in the interpretation text: what interpretation order is adopted in the article depends on the object of interpretation.

1. Time sequence. Explain the evolution and development of things;

(explain in chronological order, mostly used to explain the development and change process of specific things and historical events. )

2. Spatial order. Describe the building;

(according to the spatial position of things, that is, the inside and outside, up and down, back and forth, left and right, position, orientation, etc.). ).)

This order is often used to explain relatively static things, the structure of buildings and the process of visiting buildings.

3. Logical order. Introduce high-tech products or explain the relationship between things;

Explain things and lay out articles according to the reasoning process of things and people's understanding and application of the laws of things. )

① From phenomenon to essence (or from essence to phenomenon);

② From cause to result (or from result to cause);

③ From features to uses (or from uses to features);

④ From the whole to the part (or from the part to the whole);

⑤ From generalization to concreteness (or from concreteness to generalization);

⑥ From primary to secondary (or from secondary to primary);

Six, explain the structure of the text:

(1) parallelism: the relationship between paragraphs is parallel.

(2) Coherence: Levels are arranged according to the development process of things, and (with time as a clue) inherit from each other.

(3) Progressive: the relationship between layers is from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence. The relationship between the layers is gradual.

(4) Total score formula: There are roughly three situations in this structure: total score? Points; Integral? Total; Total? Integral? Total.

Seven, the language characteristics of explanatory text:

Explain the characteristics of language: accuracy and rigor.

Head words/modifiers, restrictive words/related words/pronouns

① Grasping the key center words is mainly to grasp those nouns, verbs and adjectives that are used accurately, identify their synonyms, and understand the accuracy of their terms in the context.

Proper use of related words can make the language expression more coherent and rigorous, make the semantics more layered, and highlight the key points of the content, thus better embodying the characteristics of accurate exposition.

For example, you not only use it accurately? And this group of related words, the level obviously shows? The superiority of. At the same time, the progressive sentence pattern is further highlighted? This practical effect. }

1. The accuracy of explanatory language is mainly reflected in:

Use of modifiers and restrictive words. Such as: possible, about, almost, average, close, first class.

2. The accuracy and conciseness of language are reflected in the following aspects:

(1) truthfully reflect objective things, express knowledge scientifically and rigorously, and be accurate in time, space, scope, degree, characteristics, nature and procedures.

② Pay attention to the use of words indicating modification and restriction. Like what? Basically? About what? Compare? General? Extremely individual? Most? Words like that.

{Mainly refers to how adjectives, quantifiers, adverbs and phrases modify or supplement the central sentence properly. }

Frequently asked questions:

1. Check the contents of the whole article or a paragraph.

Question type: What is the content of this article/? Describe the characteristics of the object/summarize the description of a paragraph.

Original answer: (clear the level of the article or paragraph).

Find the central paragraph of the full text or the central sentence of a paragraph (this is often the answer to the question).

② Available when there is no suitable original text? Point-surface combination? Summarize the method of. ? Point? : the object of each paragraph, face? The main body of the whole article is to explain the object, and the combination of the two can form a complete sentence.

2. Check the interpretation method and its function.

The type of question is: what interpretation method is used for a paragraph or sentence? What's the role? /What do you mean?

Clear concepts and various interpretation methods should be determined.

3. Check the accuracy of the description language

Question type: Can a word be deleted? Why?

? After deleting this word

Explain the change of sentence meaning. Explain the word first and what the original sentence means. )

② Degree/state/nature/scope restriction/emphasis/explanation, change (delete) to express? , inconsistent with reality/original intention/,inaccurate/imprecise/unscientific.

How to answer the question: ① No, using words and explaining vividly? , can stimulate the interest of readers, remove it, there will be no such effect. (2) No, if you delete the word, the meaning of the sentence will become? It seems too absolute; Words to be exact? In line with the actual situation, leave room and be scientific.

4. Investigate the specific reference content of demonstrative pronouns or words with demonstrative meaning.

When answering such questions, you usually look forward and refer to the closest sentence above. The most effective scoring method is to replace the found reference content with reference words, and the correct answer is in line with the text.

5. Interpretation center of judgment paragraph (interpretation content):

Answer:

1, physical description: description object+object characteristics.

2. Description: About? Reasons (reasons, methods, principles, etc.). )

3. program description:? The process of operation, experiment or production.

Explaining methods and common answer formats of functional analysis;

This sentence is explained by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

6. Understanding and discrimination of the functions of words in explanatory texts;

Question type:? What are the nice words?

How to answer questions: use words, be vivid/accurate, and explain? What is it? Features, can stimulate the interest of readers (in line with the actual situation, scientific).

7. Question type: explain the subjective questions in the text and their answers:

It is important to show innovative consciousness, scientific spirit and reflect one's own value.

8. Question type: summarize the characteristics of the object.

① Grasp the paragraphs and levels in a paragraph; ② Grasp the key words from each paragraph (or layer) and sort them out.

Generally speaking, the beginning (or the first sentence of each paragraph) and the end (or the last sentence of each paragraph) of a paragraph often explain the characteristics of the object.

9. Question type: paragraph summary.

Sentence pattern: explained? Introduction?

Methods: Find the central sentence; Combine this paragraph, summarize, summarize, combine, combine punctuation, pay special attention to semicolons, and refine carefully.

10. Question type: Why can't I change the order of paragraphs?

Answer mode: cannot be changed; What was the reason for the adoption? Arrive? It is illogical to introduce things in the order of.

A: Forests can effectively purify the air and reduce noise.

1 1. Question type: divergent innovation: just? Talk about some opinions or ideas; Or a slogan.

Technical guidance: according to the knowledge inventory, combined with reality, combined with the original text, divergent thinking and bold imagination.

12. Question type: Add a transitional sentence to the article:

It is mainly considered in combination with the contents of the previous paragraph. The method is to grasp the content of the last paragraph and put it forward in the form of questions? Why (should)? And then what? This can naturally lead to the following situations.

13. Question type: Ask (the introduced object) whether the contents before and after are contradictory:

We can judge whether there is a contradiction by thinking about the content and angle.

14. Question type: According to the content of the explanation, how to sort out the ideas of selecting articles:

Technical guidance: First of all, we should understand the content of each paragraph and make a summary. Then, we should make a comparative analysis of each paragraph, and make clear its writing ideas and structural characteristics (because some use total scores, some use total scores, and some use subtotals), and then we can say its ideas.

15. Question type: What is the function of telling related stories in the opening paragraph or explanation?

How to answer questions: At the beginning: ① Introduce the object of explanation.

In the paragraph: ② Enhance the vividness of the explanatory text.

③ Make the explanation more accurate.

The above is the "problem-solving skills of junior middle school explanatory reading", I hope it will help you!

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