What are the planting techniques of potatoes?

1, select seed potato.

When planting potatoes, it is necessary to choose seed potatoes with excellent varieties. Generally, potatoes with bright, healthy and deformed skins are selected and then germinated.

2. Germination accelerating treatment

Accelerating germination is the key of potato planting technology. The selected seeds are mainly placed in moist sandy soil with a thickness of about 10cm, and the seeds are laid flat inside, covered with a layer of screened sandy soil with a thickness of 5cm, watered with a watering can, and the soil is kept moist at a temperature of about 20℃.

3. Scientific soil preparation

(1) Before planting, the soil needs to be disinfected by spraying thin copper sulfate or plant ash solution to prevent the growth of germs.

(2) The matrix should be mainly loose soil with sufficient fertility and rich organic matter. Potatoes are not suitable for continuous cropping and are prone to diseases. They can be loosened after being watered with organic fertilizer.

4. Planting and planting

(1) Before planting, a small amount of thin organic fertilizer particles should be buried on the soil surface to accelerate the growth of roots.

(2) Generally, the seedling spacing of early-maturing varieties is about 20 cm, and that of middle-maturing varieties is about 25 cm. After planting, cover a layer of fine soil about 6- 10cm, pour water through it, then keep moisture and plough deeply.

5. Post-planting management

(1) If the temperature is low, it is necessary to cover the soil with plastic film to avoid frostbite.

(2) The growing temperature should be controlled at 16℃-20℃, and the plastic film can be uncovered in March, which is beneficial to ventilation. When the growth is good, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 times can be applied topdressing to keep the soil moist.

2. Tissue culture steps of potato

1, what is potato tissue culture?

(1) Tissue culture of potato refers to the process of separating a part of potato body (explant) through aseptic operation, inoculating it into culture medium, and culturing it under artificially controlled conditions (including nutrition, hormones, temperature, light and humidity) to produce complete plants.

(2) There are mainly protoplasts, suspension cells, tissues (calli and meristems) and organs (cultures of embryos, anthers, ovaries, roots and stems). The most common is callus culture.

2. Specific steps of potato tissue culture

(1) surface disinfection

(1) Wash potato raw materials to remove soil and other large particles.

② Soaking with 70-75% ethanol is beneficial to the soaking of potato surface.

③ Disinfect the surface with 5-20% sodium hypochlorite solution (adding 1 drop surfactant) for 5- 10 minutes.

④ Rinse with sterile water for at least 3 times.

⑤ Before transferring to sterile culture medium, cut off the sections that have been exposed to disinfectants, because disinfectants will kill exposed cells, thus affecting nutrient absorption.

⑥ Take explants, usually 65,438+00 mm stem segments and 65,438+00 mm leaf parts (too much hormone will weaken the effect, and too little hormone will make it difficult to survive).

② culture medium

① Culture medium is the material basis of plant tissue growth, so its composition and physical and chemical properties are very important.

② Plant hormones play an important role in the induction and differentiation of potato stem callus.

③ The hormones commonly used in potato tissue culture are auxins such as 2,4-D, IAA and NAA, and cytokinins such as KT, 6-BA and gibberellin.

④ Appropriate hormone ratio should be selected according to the research purpose in the experiment. All kinds of hormones have their optimal concentrations, too high or too low will affect the healing and differentiation of plants.

⑤ The pH value of the culture medium also has an important influence on the solidification degree of the culture medium and the absorption of nutrients by the material. The osmotic pressure of the culture medium is 50.7-202.7kPa, which is suitable for the growth of plant tissues. If it is too high, it will inhibit its growth and differentiation.

(3) virus-free callus culture

(1) Through the culture of plant organs and tissues, the callus is induced by differentiation, and the callus is redifferentiated to produce buds and grow into small plants, and virus-free seedlings can be obtained (because in the callus formed by dedifferentiation of infected plants, cells do not carry viruses or cells do not contain viruses).

The experiment shows that the virus-free effect of callus culture is higher than that of shoot tip culture, but the genetic characters of plants produced by callus culture are unstable, so we should pay attention to this problem in production.

(4) Environmental factors

① Lighting

Different explants of potato have different requirements for light and darkness. Darkness helps to improve the healing rate of tubers and stem segments, while light can increase the healing rate and speed of potato stem tips and leaves. ?

② temperature

Temperature affects the quantity and quality of organ formation. Most plants grow well at (25 2) degrees Celsius. In plant tissue culture, explants are usually cultured at a constant temperature of 22-25℃, and the tissue culture process of potatoes is carried out in this temperature range.

③ Humidity

Excessive environmental humidity will cause mold pollution. Although too low humidity will not directly affect the humidity in the culture container, when the culture time is too long or the temperature is too high, the culture medium will dry, changing the concentration of each component in the culture medium and affecting the normal growth of tissues. It should be transferred in time to ensure the water and nutrition supply of test-tube seedlings, and the relative humidity should be kept at 70%-80%.

④ gas

The gas composition in the culture container affects the growth and differentiation of the culture. If the air permeability of the culture container is too good, the water is easily lost. The air permeability is too poor, and the harmful gas generated in the bottle is not easy to spread. When the oxygen concentration in the culture medium is lower than the critical level, it is beneficial to the formation of embryoids, otherwise it is beneficial to the formation of roots.