What problems will you encounter in the process of operating a website?

1. Research background Our country is facing a very severe aging challenge. The results of the sixth national census show that the population aged 60 and above is 177,648,705, accounting for 13

26. Among them, the population aged 65 and above is 118,831,709, accounting for 87%. Taking Hebei Province as an example, according to data from the Provincial Department of Civil Affairs, the province’s elderly population will grow to an average of 3% per year in the future. The above rate continues to grow. By 2015, the province's elderly population will reach 10.8 million, accounting for 15% of the total population.

More importantly, the elderly population will grow at the fastest rate in our province in the future. During this period, the elderly population over 80 years old will increase rapidly [1]

After several years of exploration and development, home-based elderly care has increasingly attracted the attention of the elderly, the government and society

This kind of The form of elderly care is mainly centered on the family, relying on the community, and taking professional services as the main service form. It actively plays the leading role of the government, extensively mobilizes social forces, and makes full use of community resources to provide services for the elderly living at home to solve their daily life difficulties.

According to a survey of the elderly in Shijiazhuang City, elderly people over 95 want to live at home, while only 304 people have the desire to live in a senior apartment [2]

Although we currently need to conduct in-depth research on the needs of elderly care services in terms of clarifying core functions and target groups, strengthening the response to internal factors, and opening up operating mechanisms [3], my country's cities and towns are "based on home-based elderly care and community services." The social elderly care service system "relying on and supported by institutional elderly care" is forming a common understanding at the academic theory and government decision-making levels

Social elderly care services have also made great progress at the practical level

The Party The government attaches great importance to the construction of elderly care service institutions and has done a lot of fruitful work in the construction of community elderly care service institutions.

"Key-to-Connect Call Center" and other work

In Shijiazhuang City's "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Home-based Elderly Care Service Centers", it is planned to build a demonstration home-based elderly care service center in every street (township) by 2015. Service centers and home-based elderly care service centers have been built in all communities, achieving basic coverage of street (township) and community elderly care service facilities [4]

Tangshan City has also continued to increase random inspections and supervision of the construction of the "Happiness Project" , the city has built more than 900 home-based elderly care service stations [5]

However, whether at the theoretical level or practical level, we have ignored an important aspect, ignoring the problem from the perspective of the elderly. Conduct analysis and research

While achieving results, we need to consider this issue: the elderly are the demanders and direct beneficiaries of this work, and the construction of future community home care service centers should listen to the needs of the elderly People’s opinions and suggestions

Based on the results of a sample survey in Shijiazhuang City, this article researches and analyzes the main problems in the construction of community elderly care service centers from the perspective of the elderly, which has obvious guiding significance

2. Basic situation of the investigation The research team used the summer time of 2012 to select some communities in Chang'an District and Qiao District in Shijiazhuang City for investigation. Among them, Chang'an District is the county (district) in Shijiazhuang City that is more prominent in this work

This survey *** visited 74 elderly people in Guanghua Living Community, Ouhua Garden, AMTD Source Community, Bajiazhuang Yiyuan, Bajiazhuang Apartment and other communities

Since most elderly people have poor eyesight, the investigators had individual conversations with each elderly person. The survey questionnaire was filled in by the investigator, which took a total of 2 months.

The survey sample can cover Basic situation of the elderly

Table 1 General situation of the survey respondents Item n () Item n () Gender Male and female 33 (44

59) 41 (55

41) Marital status Married, divorced, widowed, single 58 (78

38) 0 (0) 15 (20

27) 1 (1

35) Education level university

High school or above or technical secondary school, junior high school or primary school, never attended school 5 (6

76) 14 (18

92) 24 (32

43) 20 ( 27

03) 11 (14

86) Number of children 01234 and above 1 (1

35) 26 (35

14) 24 (32

43) 14 (18

92) 9 (12

16) Judging from the basic data of the survey, the main reflection The following questions arise: (1) Most elderly people can take care of themselves, but the proportion of the elderly is increasing. The average age of the elderly randomly interviewed in this interview is 72 years old, of which 43% are 60-70 years old.

24, 70-80 years old accounted for 39

19, 80-90 years old accounted for 16

22, 90 years old or above accounted for 1

35

Among all the elderly people surveyed, only 13

51 are unable to take care of themselves

However, we noticed that the elderly people over 80 years old have The proportion of elderly people is increasing, and among these elderly people, 61

54 are unable to take care of themselves

From another perspective, among all the elderly people who cannot take care of themselves Among the people, 80% are aged over 80.

(2) About half of the elderly do not live with their children. The proportion of elderly people living alone deserves attention. Figure 1 Distribution of the living conditions of the elderly. This survey found that, 50% of the elderly live with their children, and the other 50% of the elderly do not live with their children. This includes 39% of the elderly who live alone with their spouses, and another 10% of them.

81% of the elderly live alone (one person lives), see Figure 1 for details

(3) The income level of the elderly is generally low. The survey results show that 75

68% of the elderly The source of income relies on retirement salary or pension insurance. 18

92 have a monthly income of less than 1,000 yuan, 32 have a monthly income of 1,000-2,000 yuan, 43 have a monthly income of 2,000-3,000 yuan and 32

p>

43, only 16% of those with more than 3,000 yuan

22

The income level of the elderly is lower than the per capita disposable income of urban residents released by Shijiazhuang City in 2011 Standard [6]

Faced with the lower income level of the elderly

When we promote the construction of community home care service centers, we must consider the above practical factors

Provide personalized, high-quality, low-cost (or free) services for the elderly, especially those who cannot take care of themselves, do not live with their children, and have low incomes

3. Analysis of the main problems faced in the construction of home-based elderly care service centers. This survey focused on the elderly’s awareness of community home-based elderly care services. The results of the survey are not optimistic

(1) The elderly’s understanding of community home-based elderly care services The awareness rate is very low. During the investigation, the investigators introduced the basic situation of community home care services to each elderly person in detail, and publicized to them that this is a kind of service that relies on community organizations under the initiative of the government. Resources in the community provide residents in residential areas with a variety of elderly care services that can be enjoyed at home.

However, when asking the elderly, "Before this survey, did you know about community home care?" ? "Only 1

35 of the elderly said they knew about these situations, 20

27 said they knew a little about the situation, and the remaining 78

38 means they don’t know at all

It can be seen that most elderly people currently do not know what community home care is, nor do they know about “day care centers for the elderly” and other similar service institutions

In addition, when asked whether they knew about the "one-touch-to-talk" mobile phone calling service for the elderly, 47%

73% of the respondents said "don't know"

This also reflects the Another aspect illustrates the problem of low awareness rate of home care services

Awareness

The low rate is related to many factors

The author conducted a gray correlation analysis on this issue and selected "knowledge of the situation" as the reference series, combining the average payment value of those who know the community's home care and those who know a little bit of the situation is "1", and the value for not knowing the situation is "0"

Select "age", "income", "gender", "whether you live alone" and "whether you pay attention to social interaction" as the comparison sequence

"Age" is divided into levels 1-4, "Income" is divided into levels 1-6, "Gender" is worth "1" (male) and "0" (female), "whether you live alone", "whether "Focus on social communication" is given a value of "1" (yes) and "0" (no)

Finally, the gray correlation coefficient between each factor and "knowledge of the situation" is calculated

After After standardizing the data (z-score standardization), the resolution ρ was set to 0

5, and the coefficient results were obtained by calculating the gray correlation formula. All coefficients passed the correlation test. See table for details. 2

Table 2 Gray correlation coefficient between awareness rate and other factors Factor name Age, income, gender Whether you live alone or not Pay attention to social communication Gray correlation coefficient 0

65400

73720

70220

78270

8182 From the results, the social factors of the elderly (such as "whether they pay attention to communication", "whether they live alone") and awareness The relationship between rates is the strongest, followed by economic factors (such as "income level"), and finally natural factors (such as "gender" and "age")

This also shows that the more The older people who pay attention to social communication will have a better understanding of policies

The survey found that those elderly people who pay attention to social communication are those who often chat and communicate with others, often read books and newspapers, and often listen to the radio groups

The important reasons for the low awareness rate may be that policy publicity is not in place, the publicity is not in-depth, and the publicity methods are inappropriate.

(2) The use of elderly care services by the elderly The rate is close to zero. When asking the elderly "Is there an elderly care service agency in your community?", almost all the elderly gave the answer "no"

We listed some elderly people Elderly care services include life care, centralized dining or door-to-door meal delivery, laundry and haircut and other cleaning services, accompanying medical treatment or physical examination services, fitness and rehabilitation, agency matters, heart-to-heart communication, reading and reading newspapers, psychological consultation, and others

This result is completely unexpected! This may be related to the fact that we randomly selected not enough community samples. It also shows that the construction of our community elderly care service institutions still faces more severe tests and room for development

The news from Zhuoda Property Company is also very consistent with the above situation. The company's 6 residential communities have introduced more than 600 "community elderly care service projects" for the elderly. However, only "home delivery", " A few items such as "Real Estate Helping to Hire a Nanny" have attracted more attention from the elderly, while other projects have almost been relegated to the "outskirts" and no one is interested

This also verifies the use of elderly care services from another aspect The problem of extremely low rate

The reason for the low utilization rate of elderly care services among the elderly is that in addition to the low penetration rate of these services and the fact that they are rarely known by the elderly, ideological concepts are also an important factor

The current elderly are still relatively traditional. As long as they are in good health, they do not rely on others. Even if there are problems that need to be solved, they are still accustomed to relying on family members and rarely use community elderly care services

The results show that the four items with the highest attention are all over 50. From high to low, they are "accompanying medical treatment or physical examination services", "life care", "cleaning services such as laundry and haircut", "concentrated dining or "Door-to-door meal delivery"

These service items are basically basic, and the rest are mostly spiritual and of low concern, followed by daily affairs, fitness and rehabilitation, reading and newspaper reading, and psychology. Consultation, others

Table 3 Elderly people’s preferences for different services Service items Accompanying medical treatment or physical examination services Life care Laundry and haircut and other cleaning services Centralized dining or door-to-door meal delivery Replacement matters Fitness and rehabilitation Reading and newspaper reading Psychological consultation

Other attention 82

4375

6868

9252

7031

0821

6212

165

419

46 It can be seen that basic elderly care services have received higher attention, while spiritual services have received less attention

p>

Among the basic elderly care service projects, "accompanying medical treatment or physical examination services" has received the highest attention from the elderly, which undoubtedly provides a direction for the construction of our future community elderly care service centers

Community elderly care How the service center can be well connected with the community health care system is a subject that urgently needs attention and research

(4) The elderly are most concerned about the charging and service quality of the elderly care service center. When asked about the elderly's " When asked "Do you think it is necessary to establish an elderly care institution in the community?", 89% to 19% of the elderly thought it was "completely necessary" or "very necessary"

When asked "In When "What problems do you think you will face when establishing elderly care service institutions in the community?", 93% to 24% of the elderly think that it is a funding problem, where the money will come from, and whether the money is enough. This is what the elderly are more concerned about. Question

If the elderly decide to use community elderly care services, what issues are they most concerned about? The survey results show that the same 93

24-year-old elderly people think it is a charging issue, and the level of fees directly determines their choice

66

22-year-old elderly people People believe that service quality is also an issue that should be paid attention to

In the construction process of elderly care service centers, increasing government investment and introducing social capital from various sources are in line with the needs of the elderly. Low-charge and free projects are the future development The trend

The blind pursuit of economic benefits during the construction process of elderly care service centers is not in line with the actual situation of our country. Whether low fees and free fees will cause a decline in service quality is also a matter of concern

IV. Policy Suggestions (1) Further increase publicity efforts. The party and the government have done a lot of work in the construction of community home care services and achieved some typical results, which are often reported in newspapers, radio, and television

p>

However, we found through random sampling surveys that the awareness rate of community home care services among the elderly is not high, and the usage rate is close to zero

This shows to some extent that we The publicity work should be further deepened

It is recommended that the publicity work should not just stay in the news media, nor can it be a simple introduction of typical experiences. The publicity work should be introduced into the community and preached around the elderly

All parts of our province have increased the construction of community home-based elderly care service centers to varying degrees. At the same time, more bulletin boards should be placed in the community to publicize policies that benefit the people in terms of resident elderly care services, and organize college students to use their summer time to in-depth The community publicizes and explains this policy, and publicizes relevant policies into the hearts of the elderly

(2) Effectively implement financial guarantees. Due to the low income of the elderly, they are generally resistant to some charging items. , so free projects and low-fee projects should be the top priority of community home care services, which means that the government must assume greater responsibilities

For example, Shijiazhuang City stipulates that home care service centers Funds for the purchase of facilities are borne by each county (city, district). Municipal funds will provide a one-time construction subsidy of 10,000 yuan to each home-based elderly care service center built in accordance with the requirements in the urban area. The completed street (township) model home-based elderly care service center will be provided with a one-time construction subsidy of 10,000 yuan. Each service center will be given a one-time construction subsidy of 30,000 yuan

Expenses such as water, electricity, gas, and heating will be borne by the county (city, district) government

However, inter-county The imbalance of financial resources may affect the implementation progress of this policy in the future

We suggest that on the one hand, we must effectively grasp and coordinate financial funds, which is the basic guarantee for the success of the construction of home care service centers

On the other hand, we can consider providing certain subsidies to low-income special groups

For example, we can consider using the "government purchase of services" method in places where conditions are ripe to provide annual subsidies to low-income special groups. Over 60

A certain amount of subsidy will be paid to each person who is 18 years old and eligible for special care in the form of IC card per month to cover the cost of door-to-door paid services such as haircuts, cleaning, catering, physical therapy, etc.

(3) Introduction Social capital meets the multi-level needs of the elderly. The needs of the elderly are diverse and layered

It is recommended that the government-led elderly care service centers should mainly provide free services or low-charge services, such as medical care. , nursing, haircuts, dining, culture and entertainment and other basic services

Service items such as rehabilitation, fitness, agency, psychological counseling, etc. can be mainly solved by social capital, and private capital is encouraged to expand the content of home care services.

When providing services, on the one hand, we should avoid exceeding the needs and affordability of the elderly, and combine the effective needs of the elderly with the guided consumption of service providers

Gradually promote the demand for home care to form a market of a certain scale to accelerate the marketization and professionalization of home care services

It is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between the economic benefits and benefits of elderly care services

On the other hand, in light of the actual needs of the elderly, we strive to explore the "community health community elderly care" service model

Survey results In the future, the elderly will pay high attention to "medical treatment and physical examination services". It is recommended that the construction of community health centers and community elderly care centers should be closely integrated, not only geographically close, but also in terms of service content.

(4) Build a team of elderly care service personnel and strengthen the organizational system The quality of construction services is the "lifeline" for the operation of home care service centers

The results of this survey show that the reason why the elderly are unwilling to choose nursing homes and other institutions for care is that 81

08 The investigators believe that there is a problem with the service quality of the nursing home. This also shows that the elderly have great expectations for the service quality of the home care service center. The service quality will directly determine the elderly's recognition of this form of service and its operating effect

In addition to hardware facilities that can affect service quality, the quality of staff in elderly care service centers has become another important factor

Currently, society should advocate and mobilize all walks of life to provide free public welfare services to the elderly. The government Community work should be further strengthened, and the construction of the staff team of elderly care service centers should be regarded as a systematic project

Guide social workers to join this cause, and encourage college students to engage in volunteer services in elderly care service centers , guide college graduates to find employment in grassroots communities, include elderly care service positions as public welfare employment positions, implement staffing and remuneration, and stabilize the talent team; relevant departments can also entrust relevant units to carry out training for elderly care service personnel

Finally, to improve the service quality of the elderly care service center, it is also necessary to improve the construction of the elderly care service system. This system mainly includes the organizational system, planning system, operation system and monitoring system of the elderly care service [7]

Only the system Only when the structure is sound, the system operates smoothly, and needs are reasonably met, can the quality of elderly care services be guaranteed