The Changes of Cities-Baicheng

How many cities in China have flourished and disappeared in the past five thousand years? We can feel the rise and fall of the nation and the inheritance of civilization from the changes of the city. These maps are all from the Atlas of Chinese History.

Baicheng is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province, located in the northwest of Jilin Province, west of Nenjiang Plain and east of Horqin Grassland. The per capita cultivated land, grassland, suitable forest land, water surface and reed area in Baicheng City rank first in Jilin Province. There are abundant petroleum resources, wind resources and various mineral resources, including world-class A-level wetlands, Xianghai National Nature Reserve and Momoge National Nature Reserve. 1992 Xianghai was designated by the State Council to be included in the list of internationally important wetlands, and in the same year, it was assessed as "A-class nature reserve with international significance" by WWF. Momoge is an important exploration area of international GEF project and a national forestry science popularization base. In 2005, Xianghai and Momoge were rated as "national AAAA-level tourist attractions" by the state. In 2009, Dancing the Sea Crane was awarded as one of the "Eight Scenes of Jilin".

According to archaeological investigations and historical documents, human life existed in the late Paleolithic period. 1998, in Dakanzi, Baishatan, Zhenlai County, ancient human remains in the late Paleolithic period were discovered, and a large number of stone products processed by human beings were collected, which can be divided into five types. Raw materials include amphibole, agate, jasper, felsic, rhyolite, opal, flint, basalt and tuff; Stone core can be divided into two types: stone flake core and stone leaf core; Stone chips are all hammered stone chips, which are divided into two types: complete and broken; Tool types are mainly divided into utility tools and use tools. The tools used include scraper, sharp blade, broom, trimming engraver, tongue tool and so on. In addition, there are broken pieces and defective products when making stone tools. These stone tools and wildlife fossils provide a basis for identifying ancient human activities in Baicheng. Shuangta Site is located on a hill in the north of Shuangta Village, Deshun Township, Taobei District. There are tools for making stone products, such as axes, hoes, trowels, scrapers and sharp tools. , as well as a large number of fish and clam remains and pottery fragments. There are obvious signs of burning and smoking on the cave wall, which may be a semi-crypt house site. A large number of relics collected in the previous investigation belong to Neolithic Age, Bronze Age and Liao and Jin Dynasties, most of which are Neolithic relics. The Neolithic site of Shuangta covers an area of about 1.2003 m, which is one of the sites with rich cultural connotations in western Jilin and has certain representativeness. It reflects the primitive cultural features of western Jilin Province from one side, and is closely related to several Neolithic cultures nearby. During the Shang, Zhou and Qin Dynasties, East Lake was a nomadic place. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Donghu was strong, and its leader demanded famous horses, E Shi and land from Xiongnu, who defeated him. Those who retreat to Wuhuan Mountain are called Wuhuan, and those who retreat to Xianbei Mountain are called Xianbei. Xianbei people lived there from the Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty. In 45 AD, Xianbei invaded the Xiongnu border, and the people of the Central Plains began to know their own race. After the Xiongnu split, Xianbei got rid of its control and defeated the Northern Xiongnu in 87. In 9 1 year, the northern Xiongnu, which was hit by the Eastern Han Dynasty and the southern Xiongnu, was forced to move to Central Asia, and Xianbei took the opportunity to occupy the Mongolian grassland.

In the middle of the second century, Tan unified the ministries of Xianbei, and after his death, the ministries developed independently. At the beginning of the 3rd century, Cao Cao placed the southern Xiongnu in the Central Plains, and Xianbei people took it as their hometown. In the first half of the 3rd century, Bi Ke unified Xianbei in the east and the middle, and made friends with Cao Wei. After his death, the ministries developed independently and fought against the Central Plains dynasty. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Xianbei tribe established Murong Zhuyan, Xiqin, Nanliang and Daiguo. In 386, Tuoba established the Northern Wei Dynasty and unified the North in 439. In 493, Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, moved the capital to Luoyang, which was severely sinicized. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, it was a nomadic place in Qidan.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was still a nomadic place for the Khitans. On June 23rd, 6481/KLOC-0, Khitan Shuai Da and Kuge led his men. Emperor Taizong took the Khitan Department as the capital of the late Song Dynasty, which was the first time that Baicheng area was included in the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty. It belongs to the northern section of Hebei Road, which belongs to Shiwei Doudufu and Doudufu at the end of Song Dynasty. From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the beginning of the Five Dynasties, the ministries of the Shiwei nationality were gradually annexed and merged with the Khitans, and the Shiwei viceroy also disintegrated. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Lu Ye Abaoji unified the Khitan, and established the Liao State on the basis of the DuDu area at the end of the Song Dynasty.

When the Liao Dynasty belonged to Shangjing Road, it belonged to Changchun House, which is now the Sijiazi ancient city in Deshun Mongolian Township, Taobei District. Changchun House is the palace of four emperors in Liao Dynasty, including Shengzong, Xingzong, Daozong and Tianzuo Emperor. It is the political center of spring in Liao Dynasty and the political, military, economic and cultural center of Northeast Road in Liao Dynasty.

During the Jin Dynasty, Changchun County was used until the second year of Jintiande (1 150), and then it was reduced to Changchun County, which belonged to Zhaozhou, Huangfu Road (Tahu City, Guo Qian County). In the third year of Jin Cheng 'an (1 198), Taizhou was rebuilt here, and the city site is still in Sijiazi ancient city. At the beginning of Jin Dading's reform, the recruiting department of Wudu Dili changed to the recruiting department of Northeast Road, and the recruiting department of Wudu Dili moved to Taizhou. In the fourth year of Cheng 'an (1 199), he moved to Jinshan (now northeast of Wulanhaote City, Inner Mongolia), and Taizhou was reduced to Jin 'an County. In the eighth year of Taihe (1208), Taizhou was also ruled.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to the fief of Wojinchi, the fourth brother of Genghis Khan, and later to Taining House, Taining Road, Liaoyang, with Taining County as the administrative office. Taining was then known as the center of political and economic activities in this area. Tongyu District belongs to Ningchang Road, Liaoyang Province.

In the twenty-second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1389), Taining Wei was located in Taoer River basin where thousands of families were afraid of pity in Taizhou and other places, belonging to Daning Dusi. Later, it belonged to Nuer Tuo.

During the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Horqin Department of Mongolia. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the administrative organization form adopted by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty in Mongolia and abroad was the League Flag System. The ten banners of Horqin, Zhalaite, Dulbert and Guoerluosi tribes in Inner Mongolia form Zhelimu League. In the 28th year of Guangxu reign (1902), the Qing court approved the reclamation. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), Taonan Prefecture was established, which was subordinate to General Shengjing. In the same year, Kaitong County and Jing 'an County were established, which were subordinate to Taonan Prefecture. In December of the 30th year of Guangxu (1905), the Dalai Lama Hall was established, which was subordinate to General Heilongjiang. In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), An Guang county was established, which belonged to Taonan prefecture. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), the generals were removed and three provinces were established: Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang. Taonan Prefecture, Kaitong County, Jing 'an County and An Guang County are under the jurisdiction of Fengtian, and Dalai Hall is under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang. In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), Zhendong County was established, belonging to Fengtian.