Analyze the main reasons for the formation of the world order in the Marne era.

Since the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States triggered the world financial crisis, economic crisis and even political crisis, scholars all over the world have been thinking about the deep-seated reasons of this crisis. A large number of western scholars and international people of insight have focused their attention on attacking the capitalist system in order to further re-recognize or return to Marxism and re-recognize socialism. The views of some native American scholars are quite representative. ?

In an interview with International Business Times, nouriel roubini, a famous American economist who was called "the future doctor" for accurately predicting the Wall Street financial crisis, spoke highly of the correctness of Marx's analysis of the capitalist economic crisis. He used to be a senior economist in international affairs of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, director of the Office of Policy Formulation and Evaluation of the US Treasury Department, and is now a professor of economics at new york University. Nouriel Roubini said that from the continuation of the current American economic crisis, Marx's theory on the capitalist economic crisis is correct, and it is still of practical significance to analyze the essence and root causes of the current American and capitalist social economic crisis. Unless large-scale fiscal stimulus or debt restructuring is carried out, capitalism will not be able to get rid of the current economic crisis, which stems from the contradictions within capitalism discovered by Marx more than 100 years ago. Due to the contradiction between the infinite expansion of capitalist production and the limited social demand, the cyclical economic crisis broke out in capitalism, which is an insurmountable defect of capitalism itself. This defect brings great pressure to the capitalist economic system. Roubini emphasized that according to Marx's economic crisis theory, capitalism is self-destructive, because capitalism itself cannot continuously extract profits from workers for capitalist production. Once the living needs of workers are limited, they have no money to spend, so they can't stimulate economic activities. This magnifies the consequences of lack of money in capital activities. We needed the market to run, but it didn't run according to our requirements. The market has its inherent rationality and its self-destruction process. At present, some fundamental problems are plaguing the capitalist economic and social order. ?

Two other American economists, namely Stephen resnick and Richard Whorf, professors of economics at the University of Massachusetts, also interpret the current world economic crisis from a Marxist perspective. They believe that Marxism has its own explanation and solution to the capitalist economic crisis. Marxist theory is devoted to exploring the internal relationship between the crisis of capitalism and its unique class structure (especially the special structure in which capitalists occupy and distribute the surplus value created by workers), and on this basis, it draws a conclusion different from neoclassicism and Keynesianism. In short, the transition from one class structure to another completely different class structure is an inevitable requirement for effectively solving the capitalist crisis. This is because, regardless of strengthening or loosening control, as long as the fundamental system of capitalism is not changed, its class structure will systematically and periodically aggravate the crisis of capitalism. This is the reason why Marxism disapproves of neoclassicism and Keynesian conservatism in treating the capitalist tradition. ?

Not only in the United States, but also in the whole western world, in the reflection on this crisis, the interest in Marx and Marxism has been rekindled. George Magnus, senior economic adviser of Swiss bank, raised the question of whether Karl Marx can be used to save capitalism. In his view, Marx hit the root of capitalism. In an article, he said: For policy makers trying to understand financial panic, protests and other ills affecting the world, it is of great benefit to study the works of Karl Marx, an economist who has long died. The Swiss banker made it clear that in the financial crisis and subsequent economic depression, Marx's "ghost" has been raised from the "grave". Today's global economy is strikingly similar to what he predicted in some respects. For example, consider Marx's prediction about how the internal conflict between capital and labor will be revealed. Marx wrote in Das Kapital that enterprises' pursuit of profit and productivity will naturally lead to fewer and fewer workers they need, thus creating an "industrial reserve army" for the poor and the unemployed. "When wealth accumulates at one pole, pain accumulates at the other." The process he described is reflected in the whole developed capitalist world, especially in the United States. In the United States, because of cutting costs and avoiding hiring people, the proportion of profits of American companies in the total economic output has risen to the highest level in more than 60 years, but the unemployment rate has also reached 9. 1%, and real wages have stagnated. Marx also pointed out the contradiction between overproduction and insufficient consumption: the poorer people are, the lower their ability to consume products and services provided by companies. It is smart for a company to cut costs and increase profits, but when all companies do so, it will destroy the income composition and the effective demand on which the company relies to obtain income and profits. This problem is also obvious in the developed capitalist world today. We have a strong production capacity, but the middle and low income groups generally have economic insecurity and low consumption level. He quoted Marx as saying in Das Kapital: "The root of all real crises is nothing more than the poverty of the masses and the limited consumption."

Corinna Maunsel, a French scholar, analyzed the phenomenon of "Marxism regains vitality in the West" in an article entitled "Marx is on the offensive". The article said: Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet system, Marx and his theory have been "discredited" in the West. But now, western media, including Financial Times, Time magazine and Question magazine, which have long criticized Marx and his thoughts, frequently appear in the headlines of newspapers and periodicals. When the crisis was still shaking the world, Marx came back. Corinna Maunsel said: In the United States, which stubbornly adheres to liberalism, when the crisis rages, people hold up slogans in front of Wall Street: "Marx is right!" And those big capitalists, such as Arnold Lagarde, the French billionaire and president of Lagarde Group, also said: "People are almost shouting:' Marx, come back!'" "These people are crazy! Marx is back, and there are more and more seminars on Marx's works and thoughts. Bookstores are full of reprinted Marx's works, especially Das Kapital. Although it is a four-volume difficult work, I have read and talked about it. ?

Corina Maosheng believes: "To tell the truth, Marxist thoughts have never disappeared in critical research." According to wallerstein, an American scholar, "1000 Marxists" have been decomposed in the "world system theory" even after neo-liberalism came to power. Under the contempt of mainstream western thoughts, people who study and believe in Marxism are constantly exploring Marxist theories and methods in order to analyze and better deconstruct the capitalist exploitation system from the nuances. Marx can't cover everything, let alone predict the evolution of our time; However, in the Manifesto of the Productive Party, he and Engels described the globalization of capitalism almost perfectly, describing the intensification of the contradiction between the rule of financial capital that only pursues profit maximization and the system that profit-seekers rely on the surplus labor life of the exploited people all over the world. All the evidence shows that people need to rely on Marx's theory to understand the current world economic crisis and design a model, which should eventually end exploitation and create a better world. Corinna Maunsel asserted that many new problems in today's world (although some problems didn't exist in Marx's time, or he didn't have the time and interest to think about them, or he gave up these problems), people can find the answers in the thoughts inspired by Marxism far or near. ?

Jean-Claude Delaunay, another French scholar and a professor at the University of the Marne Valley, also believes that although new changes have taken place in contemporary capitalism since the 1980s, such as the globalization of production capital, the financialization of capitalist economy, the formation of world monopoly oligarchs, namely multinational corporations, the formation of global financial monopoly capitalism and the formation of high-tech capitalism, the essence of capitalism has not changed. There are still some problems in contemporary capitalist society, such as excessive exploitation, widening income and wealth gap, elasticity and instability of wage labor, high unemployment rate and reduction of social welfare. The opposition between capital and labor has not disappeared, but has become more intense and spread all over the world. Therefore, theoretically speaking, the labor theory of value and surplus value theory used by Marxism to explain capitalist exploitation are not outdated. ?

On July 4th, 20 12, The Guardian published an article written by Stuart jeffries, a columnist of the newspaper, specifically analyzing "Why Marxism has risen again". He cited examples of people in many countries in the world who have been interested in Marx and Marxist thought again in recent years. He said: "The sales of Marx's most outstanding work on political economy, Das Kapital, have been soaring since 2008, as have the Manifesto of the Producers' Party and the Critical Outline of Political Economy. The increase in their sales coincided with the British workers' rescue of banks to keep this decadent system running and let the rich enjoy a comfortable life, but it left all of us in debt, unstable jobs or worse. Karl Marx, a revolutionary theorist, was recently selected from the list of 65,438+00 competitors by the customers of German Savings Bank in chemnitz, and appeared on the newly issued MasterCard credit card. "He believes that even after the fall of the Berlin Wall for more than 20 years, the former East Germans did not spray their past Marxist history with a spray gun. He disclosed: "According to a poll of East Germans published by Reuters in 2008, 52% people think that the free market economy is' inappropriate' and 43% people say that they want to restore socialism. Although Karl Marx has passed away and was buried in Highgate Cemetery, he is still alive and well among Germans. " "Some young people are interested in Marxism again because it provides a tool to analyze capitalism, especially the capitalist crisis we are currently in." "When we were struggling in the economic recession, Marxism taught us something other than the analysis of class struggle, that is, the analysis of the economic crisis. " ?

Not long ago, Fuwa Tetsuo, former chairman of Japan's * * * Production Party, also wrote an influential book, Marx is still alive and healthy. He made it clear that he hoped readers could use Marxist historical analysis methods to examine the world today. He believes that one of the main topics of Marx's study of economics is the economic crisis. Marx carefully analyzed the crisis he experienced and explained the reasons for the inevitable economic crisis in the capitalist system. Marx clearly pointed out in Das Kapital that the possibility of capitalist crisis has been lurking in the market economy. Marx discovered the causes of the cyclical bubble of capitalism and explained the internal mechanism of the capitalist crisis. The recent world economic crisis is caused by a new type of false demand. The characteristics of this economic crisis can be summarized as follows: financial capital is deliberately creating the kind of false demand that Marx thinks. Financial capital creates a bigger financial bubble on a global scale through the consumption bubble. Marx believes that the central problem of the economic crisis is the crazy development of the economic bubble on the track of false demand, which is still applicable at the present stage of capitalist development. Fuwa Zhesan pointed out that some major problems existing in today's capitalist society and the whole world can be helped from Marx's theoretical viewpoint.