The origin of some words

Being cheated is often called being cheated. In fact, the original meaning of "being fooled" refers to things pawned by pawn shops. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was a large family named Wang in Qinghe who ran a pawnshop for generations. His family has a big business, and his business is thriving. When life became rich, people in each room began to be too lazy to run away, so they put their money into the pawnshop as shareholders and gave all the daily pawn business to a young man named Zhu Shou. Zhu Shou loves reading and proofreading books, but he is not proficient in business. He handles the pawn business casually. When the Wangs saw this, they all thought it was an opportunity. They all took some things from their own homes and pawned them at the pawnshop. Everyone estimated that the price was higher than the item itself and asked the man to pay in full. The man didn't dare to offend the shareholder boss, and Zhu Shou was absent-minded and didn't stop him. In this way, within two months, pawn funds were almost cheated out, and a well-funded pawnshop closed down. "Cheated" originally refers to pawn shops pawning things, and later people call it "cheated". 2. The "road" of the road is paved with gravel, and the center of the road is slightly higher and flat, which is conducive to the rainwater flowing to the roadside and does not affect the traffic. Later, people paved it with asphalt, which was called "asphalt road". But most people are still used to calling it "road". Since "road" is not "the road of horses", how did this name come from? It turns out that in the middle of the18th century, there was an industrial revolution in Britain, and the development of industry urgently needed to improve the traffic conditions at that time, especially the land traffic. To this end, the Scottish John McCardan invented and designed the "road" mentioned above. Because of the appearance of "road", Britain not only has smooth waterways, but also convenient land, which provides convenient conditions for the rapid development of British industry and trade. People take the designer of this road as their surname and call it "Road" to commemorate it. 3. What does the word "scholarly family" mean? Many people are not sure. It turns out that in order to prevent moths from biting books, the ancients put a rutabaga herb in the books. This kind of grass has a fragrance, and books with this kind of grass smell very fragrant after opening, so it is called "book fragrance". Rue Vanilla, also known as Cao Yun, is a perennial herb, which is produced in western China and has a special fragrance. Can be used as medicine, and has a spicy and cold feeling when chewing. Because the ancients often put this kind of grass in books to avoid moths and insects, except that "Yunren" refers to farmers and "Yun Yun" refers to many things, most of the words related to the word "Yun Yun" are related to books. For example, "Yunbian" refers to books, "Zhang Yun" refers to books, "Yun Ge" refers to libraries, "Yunju" refers to study rooms, and "Ruxiangli" refers to school bookkeepers. 4. Things We often refer to all objects as "things". But why is it called "East and West" instead of "North and South"? It turns out that in ancient China, wood, fire, gold, water and earth were called "five elements" (representing five directions of east, west, south, north and middle respectively), and A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui were called "heavenly stems", and the "five elements" and "heavenly stems" were also called. As can be seen from the above, Oriental belongs to wood, representing all plants, such as flowers, trees, vegetables, crops and so on. The west belongs to gold, representing all metal minerals, such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, etc. The south belongs to fire, and fire is a chemical phenomenon; The north belongs to water, and China belongs to soil. Because water, earth and fire are the most common substances or phenomena, they were ignored by the ancients. Wood (plants) and gold (metal minerals) are the most important things, which can represent all useful substances. Therefore, people connect the two directions representing "wood" and "gold" to form a word-"thing", which represents everything in the world. Everyone knows the meaning of the word "fiction". Open the dictionary and look it up. Note: There is no basis for fabrication. However, there is an anecdote about the origin of the word fabrication, which few people know. In ancient times, there was a man named Du Mo who liked to write poems. However, his poems are empty, irrelevant and lacking in true feelings. Besides, his poems have no rhythm. Some people say that what he wrote is neither poetry nor prose, which is really neither fish nor fowl. Therefore, whenever people see an inappropriate poem, they will blurt out, "This was written by Dumo." Later, this sentence was gradually simplified to "fabrication". Later, "fabrication" was extended to untrue and unfounded fabrication. 6. Modern families use calendars more and more. However, few people know that the calendar evolved from ancient debt collection books. In ancient Rome, a group of people specialized in usury, and they charged interest to borrowers on a monthly basis. In order to prevent mistakes, they often use a special notebook, arranged by month and date. When, when, how much debt should be paid, and how much interest should be charged are all recorded in the notebook, with remarks columns, which can be seen at a glance. Later, this simple method was gradually used for reference by other industries and became popular as a memorandum. Mo Zaoquan, the second Chinese comprador of Taikoo foreign firm, a famous British businessman in Hong Kong, built a sugar factory after taking office. 1884 launched a "monthly card" similar to a poster advertisement to promote the products of Swire Sugar Factory. Mo Zaoquan specially hired designer Guan Huinong to design these pictures, most of which are flowers, auspicious figures, blessings, luck, longevity, happiness, ancient God bless the people of China, welcome the Spring Festival blessings and pictures of ladies. Anyone who buys Taikoo Sugar will be given a frame of "Monthly Card". Later, many manufacturers competed to print free "monthly cards" and constantly improved their forms. Over time, some people put together monthly calendars, one for each year, and "debt collection books" and "monthly cards" gradually evolved into today's calendars. 7. Sorry, during the Warring States Period, there was a minister named Gan Mao in the State of Qin. He was framed by a traitor and had to flee to Qi. When Gan Mao fled Hangu Pass on the border of Qin, he happened to meet Su Qin, a famous strategist at that time. Su Qin asked Gan Mao where he was going, but Gan Mao didn't answer directly. Instead, I told him a story of "borrowing light": it is said that many families live by a river. Every night, girls from different families get together, take the oil for lighting, pour it into a headlight, and do needlework together under the lamp. And there is a girl whose family is poor and can't afford lamp oil, so other girls hate her and are going to drive her away. The girl from a poor family said to everyone, "I really can't bring lamp oil, but if I come early and leave late every day, will you still care about the little corner that shines on the surrounding walls when everyone goes home to clean the house?" Lend me some light, and I'll sew with you, and it won't hinder you. "Everyone thought what she said made sense, so they left her. Su Qin understood the meaning of Gan Mao after hearing this story. So they both went to Qi, and Su Qin strongly recommended Gan Mao to the King of Qi, who worshipped him as Shangqing. Now, we often hear the word "sorry", which comes from this story. 8. Bad luck The word "bad luck" was originally a dialect in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, meaning that things were not smooth or bad luck. This language didn't come into being for a long time, probably in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, because the imperial examination system of "stereotyped writing for selecting scholars" seriously restricted the display of the intelligence of intellectuals, cheating in the examination room was very popular, and it was extremely difficult for ordinary scholars to pass the examination. For good luck, weightlifters usually put up a flagpole in front of their home before the exam, which is called "lintel" by locals. If you pass the exam, the flagpole will shine on the tree. If you fail, take down the flagpole, which is called "bad luck". Later, this word was used by more and more people in spoken and written language until now. It is worth mentioning that in the process of using this word, people often write these two words as "inverted eyebrows" or "unlucky", of course, because they don't know its source. 9. Old man The word "old man" is often used as a nickname for his wife's old husband. This word comes from the Grand View of unofficial history in Qing Dynasty. Ji Yun, the word Xiaolan. In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong revised Sikuquanshu and appointed Ji Yun as the editor-in-chief of Sikuquanshu. One day in midsummer, Ji Yun couldn't stand the heat because of his obesity, so he simply tied up his braid, took off his coat and sat on a few sides to proofread the manuscript. As luck would have it, when Emperor Qianlong paced into the cabinet, Ji Yun had no time to dress, got into the case and wrapped himself in a curtain. After a while, Ji Yun thought that Emperor Qianlong had left and asked the people in the museum, "Is the old man gone?" The words sound just fell and I found Emperor Qianlong sitting beside him! This sentence happened to be heard by Emperor Qianlong. At this time, Gan Long asked Ji Yun angrily: "What is the explanation of the word' old man'? "Everyone was scared and worried about him. Who knows, he calmly replied: "Longevity is called old age, indomitable spirit is called head, and parents' heaven and earth is also called son of heaven, or' old man' for short." "After listening to his explanation, Emperor Qianlong turned his anger into joy:" If your mouth really talks, I will forgive you. " Since then, the name "old man" has spread. Not only do I call you a gentleman, a young man, a wife and a husband, but even my subordinates are commensurate with their superiors. 10, two-faced "two-faced" refers to people who are good at camouflage. How did this word come from? Legend has it that the Yuan Army and Zhu Yuanzhang's rebels fought a tug-of-war on the north bank of the Yellow River at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. People are miserable. Anyone who comes should be welcomed. Red and green welcome signs should be posted on the door panels. When people come, change them quickly. People in Huaiqing Prefecture in the north of Henan Province scrimped and saved, and came up with a solution once and for all. On one occasion, Chang Yuchun, the general of Zhu Yuanzhang, led an army to Huaiqing House, and he was glad to see that the doors of every household were covered with colorful wooden signs with welcome slogans. But suddenly a gust of wind blew, and the' re was overturned, and the opposite side was covered with slogans welcoming the Yuan Army. So, Chang Yuchun ordered that anyone who hangs two cards will be beheaded with the door. After a massacre, the population of Huaiqing Prefecture was greatly reduced. The "two-faced" that is often said now evolved from the "two-faced card" of Huaiqing House. 1 1. Zhu Yuanzhang's family was very poor when he was a child. In order to make a living, he not only distributed cattle and sheep to the rich, but also worked as a monk in a temple. Later, he joined the army of Guo Zixing, a rebel in the late Yuan Dynasty. Guo Zixing appreciated him very much because of his brave fighting and meritorious deeds, so he married his adopted daughter Ma Shi. Ma Shi is a talented woman, smart and capable, who assisted Zhu Yuanzhang in realizing the great cause of reunification. When Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, the first thing after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty was to make her queen. Ma Huanghou is not beautiful, but she is gentle, dignified and generous. The fly in the ointment is that she has a pair of "feet" that are not entangled. In the era when small feet are beautiful, women's big feet are a defect. When he became queen, the horse became more and more uneasy about his big feet. Therefore, in public, you must hide and try to avoid exposing your feet outside the skirt. One day, Ma Huanghou had a good time, paraded in the city in a sedan chair and browsed the scenery of the ancient capital. When people see the Queen's sedan chair passing through the city, they are all looking forward to seeing the Queen's elegant demeanor. Unexpectedly, a gust of wind blew, the curtain of the sedan chair was lifted, and Ma Huanghou's big feet were displayed in front of everyone. It is amazing. I didn't expect the queen to have such feet today! People rushed to talk about it, and the whole city immediately became a sensation. The word "showing the cloven foot" has just spread. Later, people called it "showing the cloven foot", and the privacy or conspiracy was flawed or completely exposed. 12. In the past, when performing in the countryside, the squires often paid first and hired a troupe to perform in the ancestral hall. Then they sell tickets to the masses to make money, and the masses enter the theater with tickets. Of course, there is only one side door in the theater, and five big and three thick strong men will collect tickets. When no one came in, the strong man stepped on the threshold and put his hands on the door frame to prevent him from sneaking into the theater without a ticket. Children in the countryside really want to go to the theatre, but they have no money to buy tickets. A child begged the strong man at the door, observed his words, grasped the "temperature", and waited for an opportunity to gently hold up the strong man's arm and said, "Uncle, please raise your arm a little!" So the child took the opportunity to get into the theater from the strong man's armpit. Later, the literati refined "please raise your hand" into "show mercy", which means asking people to "have mercy" and apply it to various occasions by extension.

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