How to understand the openness of research-based learning

First, the reform of classroom teaching methods and learning methods

The open teaching mode requires teachers to first explore the connotation of labor technology education-strive to realize the opening of classroom teaching methods, teaching contents and teaching means. On the premise of taking students as the main body, we should constantly change our teaching methods, guide students to learn different methods, and help them form an active learning style that actively explores knowledge and pays attention to solving practical problems.

1, create problem situations, let students question, and put forward the problem-problem-practice teaching method.

As the saying goes, "learning begins with thinking, thinking begins with doubt, and doubt induces exploration." Teachers make full use of the characteristics that teenagers are always curious about new things, and their goals are clear and profound, from shallow to deep, from life phenomena to the essence of things, like a novel full of suspense, firmly grasping students' attention.

Make them think. Through this teaching method, over time, it will help students develop a good habit of looking for and analyzing doubts everywhere in their studies. Teachers should create rich and varied problem scenarios for students, such as: asking questions and letting students learn and practice by themselves; Encourage students to ask questions in the process of self-study practice; Encourage students to question books and authority (including teachers). For students' exploration, teachers should be tolerant, understanding and democratic, and encourage students to innovate and bring forth the new. We should be good at discovering the bright spots of their wisdom and affirming them, so that they can gain a confident and successful emotional experience. The learning process is an extension of asking questions, trying to discover, cooperating and discussing, verifying conclusions and expanding.

Teaching Case-Flywheel (Grade Two Bicycle)

Ask questions:

Phenomenon 1: "A bicycle can only drive it forward, but not backward". Why?

Phenomenon 2: "When the pedal is reversed, there will be clicks and clicks". Where did the sound come from? How did it come into being?

Objective: To stimulate students' thinking and interest from two common bicycle phenomena in daily life.

Try to find out: through observation and thinking, students find that both phenomena are related to flywheel. Therefore, some students suggested that when the pedal rotates back and forth, it is obvious that the shell of the flywheel is also rotating back and forth. Why can't reverse power be transmitted to the rear axle and rear wheel? Why is the transmission of flywheel and sprocket different? How exactly does a flywheel work? ..... At this point, the students showed great interest in the flywheel.

Cooperative discussion: under the guidance of the teacher's prompt, students began to teach themselves the contents of books and discuss with each other, trying to explain the above phenomenon with the working principle of flywheel. Finally, teachers and students focus on the "ratchet and pawl" device of flywheel. Verification conclusion: Because the "ratchet and pawl" device of flywheel has not been seen, its meshing and sliding state is unimaginable. Next, under the guidance of the teacher, the students assembled and disassembled the flywheel in groups, observed the working state inside the flywheel, and compared the sprocket drive (two-way meshing) with the flywheel drive (one-way meshing).

Extension: After students have a deep understanding of the structure and working principle of flywheel, the teacher instructs students to explore and transfer the one-way meshing device "ratchet pawl" of flywheel to other aspects of daily life for invention and creation. After class, some students found that the spiral micrometer will slip when locking the clamped object to a certain extent, which is similar to the one-way meshing of the flywheel, and put forward that it is also a "ratchet pawl" device; Some students applied the principle of "ratchet and pawl" to the transformation of adjustable wrench, creating a wrench that can transmit force in one direction without twisting and tripping; Some students applied this principle to the window hook and improved the windproof window hook. The students finally tasted the sweetness of "applying what they have learned".

2. Give full play to one's strengths, unite and help each other, and feel the competition-collaborative competition teaching method.

Students are the main body of learning. Let each student really move in class (including brain movement, eye movement, manual movement, heartbeat, movement and so on). ), thus changing passive acceptance into active exploration and experience of knowledge, and forming various abilities and skills.

The traditional teaching mode of "Handicraft" course in junior one usually uses auxiliary materials and students make their own works, which is not only inefficient in class, but also difficult to arouse the interest and enthusiasm of all students because of their individual differences. Therefore, in view of the coexistence of cooperation and competition in modern society, teachers, starting from the psychological characteristics of junior high school students, actively introduce competition mechanism in the classroom and carry out cooperative competition activities, so that every student can give full play to his strengths and take active actions.

The competition unit is a group (the number of groups is determined according to the difficulty of the work to be completed). The grouping adopts a democratic way, allowing students to freely combine and choose the person in charge. Team leaders are responsible for effectively organizing the operation of team members. From the preparation of tools and materials to the coordination and division of labor among group members, students should complete it themselves, and give full play to their subjective initiative and self-management ability.

Teaching Case-Sticking wall covering (Handmade by Grade One)

Pre-class preparation: students choose the group leader in groups of 4; Choose your own pattern, bring your own cloth, floor and tools.

The teacher's guidance to the group leader: the difficulty of selecting patterns should be appropriate (one class should be completed), and the layout of patterns on the floor should be reasonable; Organize effective division of labor (drawing, cutting, cloth cutting, hemming, splicing and beautifying) within the group according to the respective specialties of team members to maximize efficiency and ensure quality; Try to use different tools and materials in the group, such as different glue, different cloth, etc. , and find out the most suitable tools and materials for making and expressing your group's works; The bottom plate can be creatively formed into various shapes;

Competition requirements: * fast (fast), good (good quality: smooth edges, proper color matching, reasonable layout, clean picture and three-dimensional sense. ), creative (different, creative).

* Select a number of award-winning teams (including Best Works Award, Speed Award, Quality Award, Creativity Award, etc.). ) and a group of outstanding organization team leaders.

* Each member of the above winning team and the leader of the winning team will receive corresponding reward points; Good works will be displayed in the school window.

Competition: Under the overall planning of the group leader, many students in the group have a good division of labor, and all of them have played their own specialties. Good at sewing edges, good at cutting cloth ... After a class, most of the group's works were completed in a competitive atmosphere. Their works have different patterns and the production process is full of creativity. For example, many groups have tried various adhesives-glue stick, double-sided adhesive, liquid adhesive and paste; Some groups try to add color to their works with fabrics of different textures, such as velvet to express the plush feeling of small animals and khaki to express the rough feeling of bark; Many students in the group also brought all kinds of beads, flash stickers, highlighters and so on. From home to creative decorative works; There is a pair of cloth hanging works, and the double-sided pattern is the most unique. Every work shines with the wisdom of students.

Exhibition and experience exchange: please send a representative from each group to show the group's works on stage (local enlargement can be made by physical projector) and describe their characteristics in appropriate language; Students in other groups evaluate and grade this. Teachers fully affirmed the team with good division of labor, good cooperation and good competition, expressed appreciation and encouragement to the well-organized team leaders, and invited the winning team and the best organized team leaders to introduce their award-winning experience.

Practice has proved that the cooperative competition teaching method greatly strengthens the intra-group cooperation and inter-group competition among students, and changes the one-way or two-way communication between teachers and students in traditional teaching into multi-directional communication, giving full play to the dynamic role of students. In the teaching of labor technology course, many activities can be carried out in groups. For example, in-class discussion, practical operation, mutual questioning, solving doubts, collecting information on a topic after class, social investigation, invention and creation, etc. Taking the form of intra-group cooperation and inter-group competition as a unit can effectively improve teaching efficiency, and at the same time play the role of interpersonal communication in promoting cognitive development and promote the formation of good interpersonal cooperation among students. Long-term cooperation, mutual understanding, mutual trust, frequent communication, mutual help and support among team members, and proper settlement of possible contradictions are conducive to overcoming the selfishness and autism of the only child in modern society and promoting the formation of team spirit. In addition, in terms of creativity, production quality and speed, a wide range of inter-group competitions can also be held, such as "hand-made" in Grade One. Intense inter-group competition will inevitably lead to a stronger sense of cooperation among learning partners in the group. Make learning achieve a miraculous effect with twice the result with half the effort. People live in a certain social environment and are a molecule in the system. Only by exerting synergy can we achieve 1+ 1 >: 2.

3. Emotional experience, repetitive representation and independent choice-multimedia-assisted teaching.

Using multimedia technology to comprehensively deal with powerful interactive functions such as text, sound, graphics, images, animation, etc., and developing labor-assisted teaching courseware can create a vivid teaching environment and enable students to enhance their knowledge and skills in rich emotional experience.

Emotional experience that breaks through the limitation of time and space. Hangzhou is a tourist city. The West Expo, the Lantern Festival in Wu Shan Square and the Spring Kite Festival are all good opportunities for students to learn and understand their skills. It is certainly very good for students to go out of the classroom, broaden their horizons and acquire knowledge and skills through personal experience and rich social life experience. However, under the current conditions, it is very difficult to organize a large number of students to go out for sightseeing, visiting and studying. Time, security, money, etc. Have given the teacher a difficult problem. To this end, teachers do the opposite, adopt the way of inviting in, use modern high-tech products-digital cameras and cameras, actively introduce external information into the classroom, break through the time and space restrictions, and increase students' emotional experience in the classroom. For example, during the West Expo, teachers photographed many of their visits. The "Arts and Crafts Fair" especially includes live performances by many national artists and close-ups of many art treasures. At the Consumer Goods Expo, teachers photographed some high-tech and creative new products they saw. These materials are edited by computer, played in class and watched by teachers and students. The students not only felt the exquisite skills of the masters, the strong artistic appeal of handicrafts and the convenience brought by new products to life, but also conducted in-depth discussions and discussions on some works. Students' interest and enthusiasm in learning are fully stimulated, and the improvement of their opponents' works is also stimulated.

Repeated reproduction and stratified teaching of audio-visual education. Hierarchical teaching of audio-visual education is to effectively stratify students by using the function of automatic playback of media, and at the same time liberate teachers from teaching and have more time.

On-site guidance to students improves classroom efficiency. For example, in the section of "Handmade Glorious Flowers" in Grade One, because students can easily master the method of making glorious flowers by folding, I ask students with strong ability to extend and improve on this basis. They not only make flowers by making dazzling flowers, but also make calyx and leaves, and finally assemble them into artificial flowers-peony flowers or carnations. And I made the making method, steps and operation points into multimedia courseware before class. In class, I don't give explanations, but automatically play the courseware repeatedly for students to watch and learn to make. I have more time to answer questions and give on-site guidance to all kinds of students. After a class, all the students made dazzling flowers, and many students completed one or two kinds of peony flowers and carnations through self-study and inquiry. All the students are excited to see the beautiful simulated paper flowers they made. After class, students who are still dissatisfied learn how to make roses with petal sticking method and calla lily with roll sticking method ... On Teacher's Day, several students made a large bunch of various types of artificial flowers with crumpled paper for teachers, also known as "flowers that bloom forever". Through audio-visual education, teachers have effectively implemented hierarchical education for students.

Courseware is hung on the campus network, allowing students to choose their own learning. The composition of knowledge is diverse, and students' hobbies are different, so teachers can't cover everything in an effective classroom time. The opening and utilization of campus network, a modern high-tech teaching method, makes it possible for teachers to expand teaching space and enhance students' autonomy and selectivity in learning. For example, in the section of "Handmade", the teacher found that China's seal cutting was extensive and profound. From the origin and title of the seal to the main use of the ancient seal, from the introduction of the tools and materials of seal cutting to the matters needing attention in all aspects of seal cutting, especially the font and composition when designing Yin Gao, the watermark and reverse writing when drafting, the way of holding the knife with fists and pens, and the knife method of punching and cutting the knife are all helpful for students to master the seal cutting skills and understand seal cutting. Therefore, teachers will make the above content into multimedia courseware and hang it on the campus network. In class, the teacher only briefly mentions the main points of seal cutting, and the rest need students to choose and study independently on campus network according to their needs. Through this method, students have greater freedom in learning and a wider range of knowledge, giving full play to their autonomy and subjective role.

4. Integrate real life, things around us, contemporary science and technology, other disciplines and labor technology courses.

With the development of science and technology, network technology, nanotechnology, cloning technology, human genome project, world environmental problems, new technologies and new energy sources have entered people's field of vision. However, the lag of teaching materials and the limitation of disciplines often keep these fresh contents out of the classroom. Junior high school students are interested in new things, curious and more receptive to familiar things. Since then, the open teaching mode has presented the contents that come from real life, familiar things around us and closely combined with contemporary science and technology to students in vivid and diverse forms for them to participate and try.

First, science and technology speech. In order to broaden students' knowledge, teachers designed "opening a window to see the world"-a scientific speech activity. The scheme is that after each labor technology class, 10 minutes is the time for students to speak and discuss. Each time, two students give a speech (according to their student numbers in turn). The lecture lasts for two and a half minutes, with scientific and technological information as the content, including the latest scientific and technological trends, environmental protection trends, inventions, new products and so on. Then ask other students to comment on the speech, such as whether the content is novel, whether the form of the speech is natural and appropriate, and whether the speech is smooth. And you can ask questions freely. We can have a brief and heated discussion in the class about the problems that students are interested in. In this way, students are interested in the information in newspapers and magazines in their spare time, and many students also know the latest scientific and technological trends through the Internet. Light rail construction in Hangzhou, robots that can play golf, computer-controlled refrigerators, paper display screens, electric toothbrushes, green motorcycles ... Science and technology illuminate students' eyes like wands, and students' enthusiasm for learning in class is higher. Through lectures on science and technology, not only the information capacity of the classroom is increased, but also the language ability of students to express in public is effectively improved, and the degree of students' attention to scientific and technological trends is also improved.

B, a small lecture with students as teachers. Based on the principle of "teachers can teach as teachers", teachers set up a stage for students with individual characteristics to show themselves-every semester, students who have won prizes in various competitions or made outstanding performances in labor and technology disciplines are invited to give small lectures. Because the familiar students are all small teachers, they all feel kind and fresh. The content of the lecture is put forward by the teacher according to his own specialty, and determined after the teacher has reviewed and put forward his opinions. Therefore, after full preparation, the little teachers look lively after taking the stage, and it is easy to carry out emotional integration between students. For example, Xiao Lai, a junior high school student in our school, won numerous provincial and municipal remote control car model awards in three years. He spent a lot of spare time on the remote control car model, and has been called a small expert in this field. The teacher's lecture on "The Secret of Winning a Remote Control Car Model" was widely praised by other students. In addition, students in this age group have the characteristics of idolatry and idolization. Therefore, teachers use campus broadcasts, slogans, windows, etc. to publicize these little teachers and package them into skilled little stars. The power of example is infinite. These little stars inspired other students and gained great confidence.

C. pay attention to students' daily life and interest trends. We teach students what they need, and we focus on what students are interested in. In the "Bicycle" class in Senior Two, we are committed to improving students' quality of life, life taste and lifestyle, and extend the learning content to bicycle selection, safe riding, traffic rules, modern riding and the improvement and development of bicycles. Starting from the environmental protection theme of cycling, this paper advocates and publicizes the environmental protection function of cycling, and further encourages students to pay attention to and develop environmental protection vehicles. In the "Handicraft" class of Senior One, the teacher learned that students are very interested in Chinese knots sold on the street. Therefore, the introduction of knot art into the classroom should not only teach students all kinds of basic knot weaving methods, but also encourage students to be bold and innovative, make various patterns with knots, and try to weave words with appropriate knots. A silk rope has changed a lot, which not only satisfies students' interest and curiosity, but also exercises students' memory, creativity, imagination and finger flexibility.

D. scientific discussion on breaking the boundaries of disciplines. Whether creating inventions or solving practical problems, it is required to comprehensively apply the knowledge of various disciplines and artificially set the boundaries of disciplines. Therefore, it is imperative for teachers to actively and boldly integrate the course of labor technology with the knowledge of other disciplines, break the boundaries of disciplines and let students have scientific discussions. In the labor technology class of senior two, the teacher firmly grasped many mechanical structures of bicycles, all of which were related to physical principles, and integrated labor technology with physics. Therefore, explaining mechanical structure and mechanical phenomena with physical principles has become the starting point for students to understand things from phenomena to essence. The lever principle of caliper brake, the sound principle of bell vibration, the influence of socket wrench and adjustable wrench on nut, and the influence of the ratio of sprocket to flywheel gear on vehicle speed. , so that students have a deeper understanding of the practical application of physical principles. Another example is to combine bicycles with humanistic society, so that students can learn and collect information on the history of bicycle development and communicate in class. It involves the comparison of bicycle structures at various stages, the development process of bicycles from wood to iron, from no drive device to front wheel drive to rear wheel chain drive, and the evolution of key components such as bicycle handlebars and pedals. Rich, vivid and vivid content makes students fully realize that the perfection of a thing is not overnight, and the invention and creation are endless.

Second, "apply what you have learned" and establish an extended and divergent application system.

With the open teaching mode of labor technology courses, teachers have made unremitting explorations and attempts to broaden the extension of labor technology education-trying to blur the boundaries of classes, so that students can realize skill application and ability training in more open and expanded time and space such as after-school life, family life and social life. Therefore, teachers radiate and extend classroom education of labor skills through various forms and channels.

1. Life-oriented skill application

In order to enrich students' life and social experience and improve students' practical ability and practical ability, teachers organically link in-class and out-of-class and organize a series of activities. For example, in the first grade, teachers carried out the activity of "turning waste into treasure-beautifying their homes by themselves". Encourage students to beautify their homes and classrooms by turning their collected waste into handicrafts. This activity has achieved good results. Some students use waste batteries to glue the aircraft model installation standard room; Some students use pine cones collected during social practice activities to make wall hangings and knickknacks with various patterns to beautify the room; Other students decorated the classroom of the New Year's Day party with homemade flowers and window grilles. On this basis, teachers carried out several special activities. For example, "the use and development of cans and coke bottles" and "designing environmentally friendly clothing with waste paper (newspapers, calendars, etc.). ) "Allow students to give full play to their creativity. Using the shapes of cans and coke bottles, students convert them into vases, teacups, ashtrays and other daily necessities; Students use the aluminum foil material of cans and the plastic material of coke bottles to make Chinese zodiac animals, flower baskets, chairs and other handicrafts by cutting, carving, gluing, binding, mosaic and hollowing out. Some students even used the principle that air expands with heat and contracts with cold, and added alcohol cotton to slightly transform the coke bottle into a "earth rocket" for fun. Rodin said: "Life is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of discovery". This activity stimulates students' enthusiasm for discovery and creation in life, and also improves their appreciation and sensibility of beauty.

2. Competition organizations with regional characteristics

Every semester, teachers carry out various competitions in schools, which are related to students' extensive participation, seasonal and social activities, labor and technical classroom teaching. In this way, students can give full play to their advantages, feel the competition in this process, and also help teachers find special students. For example, in the first half of the year, teachers cooperated with the regional kite competition to organize large-scale kite-making and kite-flying competitions in schools. First-year students begin the preliminary kite-making competition in the labor technology class, which is divided into two types: fixed kite modeling and creative kite modeling. Students choose to participate. After the initial evaluation, each class selected several students to participate in the school-level kite-making competition. Other grades directly carry out large-scale kite-flying competitions. In order to let as many students as possible participate in this activity, it is especially allowed that both homemade kites and purchased kites can participate in different types of competitions. The kite-flying final will be arranged during the students' spring outing. Let students feel the competitive fun brought by kite competition in nature. By organizing such competitions, teachers found many students who are good at making kites and flying kites, and selected excellent players for the regional kite competition. In addition, teachers also organize various competitions such as creative racing model competition, static model competition and hand-throwing airplane competition every semester according to the actual situation. Students' participation greatly enriched their experience and improved their skills and practical ability.

3. Inventions and creations in daily life

In order to improve students' ability to ask, analyze and solve problems, teachers actively guide students to be conscientious in life-always cultivate diligent observation and accumulation, be good at thinking everywhere and carry out targeted invention and creation activities. Under the guidance of the teacher, every student carries a Zhang Faming card with him, so as to record his own sparks of wisdom at any time: new discoveries in life, inconveniences in life, inspiration caused by something, etc. And then actively seek solutions. On the one hand, students who do better can get corresponding extra points to show encouragement; On the other hand, teachers develop better ideas into small topics and organize students to study in depth. For example, many students question the shortcomings of the bicycle, the most commonly used means of transportation in daily life: the seat of the bicycle is too narrow and uncomfortable to sit on; When the bicycle turns, there is no indicator light to signal others; Bicycles are easy to fall off the chain; Bicycles have no roof ... so, the teacher set the topic of "improvement of bicycle defects" Through practical exploration, the students put forward some schemes, such as folding back bicycle saddle and installing bicycle turn indicator light on pedal. In this process, students also have a strong interest in various new bicycle products. Chain-less bicycles, folding bicycles, tandem bicycles, eccentric axis fitness bicycles invented by Genshan middle school students, electric bicycles, etc. The sub-topics such as pollution problems of amphibious bicycles and electric bicycles have also been derived. An example can not only be extrapolated, but also become endless. With a little guidance from the teacher, students can swim freely in the ocean of science. Using the instability of parallelogram, a health desk and chair with adjustable height was invented. In view of the phenomenon that toothpaste can't be squeezed clean at the end of its life, the toothpaste shell is improved from cylindrical to conical, thus inventing "Don't waste the toothpaste shell"; In view of the fact that the existing eye drop bottles need to be poked or dropped, an eye mask larger than the bottle mouth and eyes is added around the eye drop bottles, which gives full play to the creativity of students.

4. Comprehensive ability research.

Letting students organize research independently is another way to cultivate students' ability to solve practical problems by comprehensively applying knowledge. The nature of the topic can be related to labor and technical disciplines, such as the trend of bicycle industry after China's entry into WTO, the development of bicycles in the next 65,438+00 years, or the comprehensive topics such as the investigation of environmental awareness of canals, the investigation of urban garbage classification and suggestions. The way of selecting topics is that teachers list topics for students to choose according to their own interests and specialties, or students find problems according to their own life, learning experience and observation of society and nature, so as to determine their own research direction and formulate their own topics; The research form is individual research or self-organized group cooperation research; The guidance mode is teacher's guidance, and parents and teachers * * * take guidance. For some parents whose work departments and nature meet certain topics, parents can take the guidance of parents and teachers. For example, a classmate's topic is "Analysis of traffic conditions during commuting hours in Hangzhou", and his father is a traffic policeman, so this topic is mainly guided by his father; Research methods include interview, expert interview, social investigation, surfing the Internet, consulting books and magazines, and questionnaire survey. The results of each semester are communicated in the form of papers at all levels of classes, grades and schools. Excellent ones are not only sent to participate in district and municipal competitions, but also compiled into books for students to circulate. Through research, the students have gained a lot. They learn to use the advantages of the network to collect information; Judge the authenticity, advantages and disadvantages of information materials, identify valuable materials that have important connection with this study, and eliminate edge materials; Learn to organize and summarize data methodically and logically, and find the relationship between information and data; Finally, the information is comprehensively sorted out and judged, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn. The research of these topics integrates physics, environmental protection, humanities, history, social reality and so on, allowing students to collect and process information independently in an open environment. Through students' personal participation, research and exploration, we can help them develop a rigorous scientific attitude, enhance their sense of responsibility to society, and at the same time enable them to learn to cooperate with others and improve their social skills, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.

Sun Tzu said, "Call the winner a warrior, and it will be beautiful if you never accumulate water in a stream of thousands of miles." "So, if you are good at fighting people's territory, the boulder will turn into a mountain of thousands of miles, and its shape will also be." Once we establish an extended and divergent application system of labor technology courses, it will become a surging river to promote quality education.

Thirdly, the appreciation, encouragement and diversification of evaluation criteria.

Students' personality qualities are different, so are their abilities and qualities. The open teaching mode requires teachers to look at students from a developmental perspective and objectively evaluate students in practice.

1. Appreciation and encouragement add points-let the students shine with golden light.

"There are no students who can't teach well, only teachers who can't teach well" is our belief. Through the establishment and practice of "appreciation teaching method" and "instant bonus system", every student has found the feeling of learning and his position in the class; Let every student feel sincerely proud and proud of himself. Teachers do not compare students horizontally when evaluating students, but pay more attention to students' ideological quality, learning attitude and their own progress and development. Help teachers prepare projectors, lend students tools, answer a question correctly, ask a valuable question, and practice quickly and well ... Although these are small things that happen in class, they are magnified by teachers, and students can not only get sincere appreciation from teachers, but also get 1-5 points of encouragement at ordinary times. In particular, teachers spare no effort to encourage and praise students' innovative consciousness. For example, in the "Handicraft" class of grade one, the modeling scope of the work is required to be the traditional design of China-the Chinese zodiac. Many students want to carve snakes, but because the chalk material is fragile, it is often difficult to carve "elongated snakes". One student designed his work into the shape of a snake on a pillar according to the cylindrical shape of chalk, which was easier to finish. Its shape showed the twist of a snake. Although the quality of his works is still relatively rough, the teacher affirmed and praised his creativity and gave his works an extra 3 creative points. These quantified bonus points are accumulated to the end of the period, and those with higher scores can also get special treatment of "excellent" and "good" exemption. This system was widely praised by students as soon as it was implemented. It has stimulated students' great enthusiasm and interest in learning labor technology courses, and played a great role in encouraging students at different levels to make greater and faster progress on the original basis. Students have more respect and trust in their teachers.

2. Emphasize group evaluation and guide students to conduct self-evaluation and other evaluations.

In addition to the individual evaluation of students, the course of labor technology also strengthens the evaluation of groups, especially the evaluation of "group cooperation performance", such as the rationality of group division of labor, the cooperation mode of group members, the participation degree of group members, and the individual's attitude towards sharing tasks. This will certainly promote the formation of a benign restriction mechanism in which students are willing to make progress and help and cooperate with their classmates. I used to ask the teacher if I had any questions. Now, whenever there is a problem, students will discuss it with their partners in the group and seek their own solutions. In addition, teachers actively teach students to evaluate their own rights. For example, after each competition, a large-scale self-evaluation and other evaluation activities are conducted in the form of: asking students to rate the organization, cooperation, creativity and completion speed of this group and other groups, and giving convincing reasons; Ask the team leader to objectively summarize the situation of the team members; Ask the team members to make a reasonable evaluation of the team leader's job satisfaction and so on. This can not only help students learn from other people's experience, but also realize students' more objective self-awareness, stronger enterprising desire and more scientific self-integration direction.