Who knows crocodile farming technology?

Does this friend want to feed crocodiles? I give some immature suggestions, hoping to help you.

1 the significance of crocodile farming

Biological significance of 1. 1

Crocodiles are rare animals in the world, with a life history of more than 200 million years. They are close relatives of dinosaurs. Its physiological function is peculiar and its vitality is tenacious. 65 million years ago, dinosaurs died out, but crocodiles survived and evolved to this day. There is a substance in fresh fish that can optimize nucleic acid, make nucleic acid full of vitality, enhance disease resistance, activate catalase and SOD in the body at the same time, effectively remove garbage in the body, thus delaying life aging and making its life longer than that of soft-shelled turtle, with an average life span of 150 years. The amino acid chain of hemoglobin in crocodile muscle has a very peculiar structure, which makes the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin in fresh fish more than 100 times that of other animals. Therefore, although fresh fish breathe with their lungs, their ability to hold their breath in water is much better than that of whales and dolphins. Therefore, fresh fish farming is carried out. It is of great significance for studying biological evolution, breeding endangered animals, expanding population and quantity, protecting ecological environment and exploring the role of its special physiology in human medicine.

1.2 economic value

Fresh fish are precious and have the reputation of soft gold. Modern scientific research shows that fresh fish, bones and viscera are rich in amino acids, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and a variety of rare biological elements needed by protein and the human body. They are nutritious and delicious, and can replenish qi and blood, strengthen tendons and bones, and improve human immunity. Crocodile meat is not only delicious food, but also a good medicine for asthma. Crocodile eggs, tail glue, viscera, bones and tongue are excellent antifreeze, beauty and health care products; The genitals of male crocodiles are specific drugs for strengthening yang and tonifying kidney. Crocodile skin has high price and good quality. It can be made into purses, belts, handbags and leather shoes, which are worth thousands of yuan and tens of thousands of yuan, and are deeply loved by people. Therefore, crocodile farming can promote the development of food industry, leather industry, health care industry and beauty industry.

1.3 Travel

Crocodiles are not only economically expensive, but also have extremely attractive ornamental value. The establishment of the Fresh Fish Ornamental Garden can not only change people's traditional views on crocodiles, but also help tourists to visit the life habits of crocodiles such as hatching, growth and mating, and increase their understanding of animals. They can also watch the wonderful performances of crocodiles and crocodiles, thus truly integrating tourism, knowledge and interest. Therefore, the close combination of crocodile farming and tourism will surely achieve better economic and social benefits.

Biological characteristics of crocodiles

2. 1 morphological structure classification The aquatic types of fresh fish belong to reptiles. In addition to the basic characteristics of reptiles, in order to adapt to aquatic life, it has great specialization in appearance. The body is covered with big nails, the skull has double temporal fossa, the square bone is motionless, the teeth are grooved, the limbs are strong, the toes are webbed, the pubic bone is degenerated, the cloaca is longitudinally split, and the male body is single. Tail-side, stout, long and powerful. The abdomen is soft and white with a fish belly. The eyes of fresh fish are on the forehead, so they are not closed when diving, and the short-distance objects in front can't look straight.

Taxonomists in different countries have different opinions on the classification of fresh fish, and there are about three classifications. According to biological classification, it can be divided into three families, namely alligator and alligator, with a total of 30 species; Crocodiles can be divided into four categories according to their size: (1) giant species (2) common large species (3) common species (4) small species; According to the living environment, it can also be divided into saltwater crocodiles, semi-saltwater crocodiles and freshwater crocodiles. 2.2 Ecology requires crocodiles to grow in the fresh water or seawater environment of swamps, lakes and other wetlands in tropical and subtropical regions, and they like to eat small animals. Therefore, the ecological requirements of crocodiles mainly include: (1) higher temperature; (2) both land and water; (3) Abundant animal feed resources.

2.3 Carnivorous crocodiles are carnivorous animals, and they eat different animals at different stages of development. Small crocodiles generally feed on small fish and shrimp, trowels, red earthworms and insects, while large crocodiles feed on miscellaneous fish, snails, chickens, ducks, pigs and cattle, and sometimes even attack humans. Artificial feeding can also be fed with compound feed. Crocodiles can live a normal life without eating for a long time when food is scarce.

2.4 The growth rate of crocodiles is related to species, food and living environment. Generally speaking, big crocodiles grow faster than small crocodiles, and artificial farming grows faster than wild fresh fish. Taking Chinese alligator as an example, the growth of its 3-week-old (body length 1.0 1 m) under artificial feeding conditions is shown in the following table 1 (quoted by Zhu Jiukang, etc.). ).

Table 1 Growth of Alligator sinensis

Date (Year/Month/Day) Average mantissa length (m) Average weight (kg)

1992 /4/20 10 1.0 1 2.75

1993 / 10/ 10 6 1.38 8.37

1994 / 10/ 12 7 1.5 1 12.75

1995 / 10/ 18 8 1.6 1 15.92

1996 / 10/9 8 1.69 17. 13

2.5 Breeding crocodiles and other reptiles can transition from aquatic organisms to terrestrial organisms due to the appearance of chorionic eggs. crocodile

Sex discrimination can be judged by the shape of scales and connectors in cloaca. Generally, male scales are thick and small, while female scales are thin and large; The cloaca is triangular, and the crocodile with a red rod-shaped connector inside is male, while the short and pale crocodile is female. Crocodile sexual maturity is late, generally more than 3 years.

Crocodiles are usually separated, mating once a year in the breeding season and mating in water. After mating, female crocodiles use weeds, leaves and so on. To build a nest, climb to the top of the nest when they are in labor, dig a hole in the middle and lay eggs in the hole. 2 ~ 3 days before laying eggs, female crocodiles will have severe fetal pain and tears.

Flowing like a note. The number of eggs laid is generally 20-30, but it can also reach 70. Oval eggs are similar to goose eggs and weigh 50-200 grams. The incubation period is 2-3 months.

There are two other special differences in the reproductive characteristics of crocodiles. One is the caring behavior of relatives; Secondly, the hatching temperature controls the sex of young crocodiles. According to Niu Cuijuan and others, both females and males of crocodiles have parental care behaviors, which are embodied in protecting eggs, digging nests, carrying and luring young crocodiles into the water, and protecting young crocodiles. The sex of young crocodiles is generally determined by the incubation temperature, and the incubation period is 30 ~ 45 days, which is a heat sensitive period. The larvae hatched at 28℃ ~ 3 1.5℃ were all females, and the male rate of the larvae soared to 66% at 32℃, and all the young crocodiles hatched at 32.5℃ ~ 33℃ were males.

3 Several problems that must be paid attention to in crocodile breeding

1Crocodiles are full of mystery in some people's minds, and they are even afraid that crocodiles are fierce and terrible animals, posing a serious threat to mankind. In fact, crocodiles are not terrible at all. As long as we understand their biological characteristics and raise them scientifically, their economic value and ornamental interest are endless.

3.2 Crocodile is a kind of animal with strong vitality, but it also has its own physiological characteristics and certain requirements for the environment. Different species of crocodiles have different ecological requirements. Some decision-makers or breeders often fail to fully understand a crocodile variety, or fail to make a detailed and accurate assessment of the local breeding environment and tourism resources, and blindly introduce breeding, resulting in huge economic losses. Crocodile farming is a long-term investment project, and there must be enough funds. The selection of breeding sites should not only consider the adaptation to the growth and reproduction of crocodiles, but also pay attention to the convenience of transportation. In addition, we should also consider crocodile processing industry, food development, medical care and so on.

3.3 Although the artificial breeding, domestication and reproduction of crocodiles have been studied for nearly 50 years, due to the different climatic and ecological conditions in different countries, the breeding varieties are quite different, and the development of breeding technology is extremely uneven. Generally speaking, the breeding technology of crocodiles is not mature, and the reproductive ability is low, which seriously restricts the breeding scale and output of crocodiles and makes crocodile skin products expensive for a long time.

That's all, some of them are reference materials (I also have a hobby of breeding), and I don't know how to ask again.