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1. Pedagogy is a science that studies educational phenomena and problems and explores educational laws.

Mencius was the first to associate "teaching" with "teaching" in Chinese.

3. The development of school education system has gone through the process of institutionalized education, institutionalized education and non-institutionalized education.

4. The appearance of modern school system has opened a new stage of institutionalized education.

5. The symbol of the rise of modern institutionalized education in China was "Abolishing the Imperial Examination and Promoting the School" in the late Qing Dynasty, and promulgated the national unified educational purpose and modern academic system.

6. 1902 The charter of King James School is also called Renyin academic system; 1903' s school play charter is also called kwai?

7. Strictly speaking, the education system was basically formed in the second half of19th century.

8. The development process of pedagogy is based on the characteristics of education itself, with primitive education, ancient education, European education after the Renaissance, modern education and education after the 20th century (also known as modern education) as the clue.

9. Ancient education includes slave social education and feudal social education.

After the Western Zhou Dynasty (10), the school education system established a typical official school system, which was divided into Chinese studies and rural studies.

1 1. In ancient Egypt, the school of the scribes was the oldest.

12. The educational characteristics of ancient schools are dominated by the class, orthodoxy, autocracy, rigidity and symbolic function of education, while ignoring the functional value of education.

13. The main features of modern education are: lifelong education, popularization, democratization, diversification and modernization of educational technology.

14 Xue Ji was the first in the world to pay attention to pedagogy, and advocated that learning should be gradual.

Socrates is famous for his eloquence and answering questions from young wise men. Socrates' satire, definition and midwifery.

16. Pedagogy, as an independent discipline, sprouted from the Great Teaching Theory published by Comenius 1632.

17. Kant first taught pedagogy as a subject at the university of konigsberg in 1776.

18. Herbart's General Pedagogy in Germany marks the birth of independent pedagogy.

19 Dewey, an American, was a representative of pragmatic pedagogy in the early 20th century. His representative works are People-oriented and Education.

Confucius' teaching thought and teaching method is to admit innate differences, but emphasize teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. The methods of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude are heuristic and inductive.

2 1. Political and economic systems determine the leadership, rights and purposes of education.

22. The fundamental task of education is to train people for society.

23. The political and economic system, especially the political system, is a factor that directly determines the purpose of education.

24. The development level of productive forces determines the scale and speed of education.

25. After the information revolution, the requirement of higher education popularization has been put forward.

26. Education reproduces labor and scientific knowledge.

27. 1960 American economist Schultz first put forward the theory of human capital.

28. Traditional school education is pyramid-shaped hierarchical education, while online education is equal and open education.

29. Education and culture are interdependent and mutually restrictive.

30. School culture refers to the ideas and behaviors acquired by all or some members of the school.

3 1. The epitome of school culture is campus culture. School spirit or concept culture is the core of campus culture.

32. School spiritual culture is divided into four basic components: cognitive component, emotional component, value component and ideal component.

33. Characteristics of student culture: Student culture is transitional, informal, diverse and complementary.

34. In essence, the influence of science and technology on education is first manifested as a driving force.

35. People's physical and mental development is realized in social practice and has initiative.

Endogenous theorists generally believe that the strength of people's physical and mental development mainly comes from their own internal needs.

37. Mencius was a great thinker in ancient China and a representative of China's ancient endogenous theory.

38. There are four basic qualities in human nature: compassion, shame, resignation and right and wrong, which are the roots of the four basic qualities of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom.

39. The founder of Austrian psychoanalysis is Freud.

The whiteboard theory of John Locke, a British philosopher, and Watson, an American behavioral psychologist, are the representatives of Waishuo theory.

4 1. Human development is the result of interaction between individual internal factors and external environment in individual activities.

42. Genetic quality is the physiological premise of people's physical and mental development and provides the possibility for people's physical and mental development.

43. The main signs of maturity: physical reproductive ability and psychological independent self-awareness.

44. The environment provides various conditions and objects, which may include opportunities for personal development.

45. School education plays a leading role in human development, especially in the development of the younger generation.

46. People's subjective initiative is the direct driving force for people's development.

47. The purpose of education in a broad sense refers to the expectations of the state, society or people for the educated.

48. In a narrow sense, the purpose of education refers to the general requirements of the state on the quality, specifications and standards of the talents educated.

49. The purpose of education has three functions: guidance, encouragement and evaluation.

50. The purpose of education is the fundamental basis and standard for measuring and evaluating the effect of education implementation.

5 1. Marxist theory on the all-round development of human beings is the theoretical basis for determining the purpose of education in China.

52. The combination of education and productive labor is the only way to realize people's all-round development.

53. 1986 The Sixth National People's Congress passed the Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).

54.1In mid-1993, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the Outline of Education Reform and Development in China.

55.65438+ Education Law of the People's Republic of China1March 1995.

56.65438+1June, 1999 13, the Decision of Central the State Council on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way was put forward.

57. 1994 proposed the Teacher Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).

58. Quality education is the fundamental embodiment of China's educational purpose.

59. Quality education should focus on the cultivation of innovative spirit and practical ability.

60. Education for all-round development of socialism consists of moral education, intellectual education, physical education, aesthetic education and labor technology education.

6 1. Aesthetic education is to cultivate students' healthy aesthetics, develop students' ability to appreciate beauty and create beauty, and cultivate students' noble sentiments and civilized qualities.

62. Labor technology education is an education that guides students to master labor technology knowledge and skills to form labor views and habits.

63. The representative figures of people-oriented value orientation are French thinker Rousseau, Swiss Pestalozzi, German Kant and American Maslow.

64. The main representatives of social standard value orientation are Natop and Kerschensteiner. Comte and Durkheim in France.

65. Educational activities are social activities to cultivate people, and the educational system is a social system with the collection of people as the main component.

66. Students and teachers are the two most active factors in teaching activities.

67. Students are people whose main task is learning.

1On October 20th, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

69. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is the richest, most comprehensive and most widely recognized convention in the history of regulating children's rights.

70. The Convention on the Rights of the Child advocates four principles: the best interests of the child, the dignity of the child, respect for the views of the child and non-discrimination.

7 1. The right to education is the most basic right of students.

72. 199 1 China promulgated the Law on the Protection of Minors.

73. The teaching profession is a specialized profession, and teachers are professionals.

74. The teaching profession refers to the education and teaching affairs that people have been engaged in all their lives or for a long time and take it as their main source of livelihood.

75. 1966 UNESCO put forward in its proposal on the status of teachers that teachers' work should be regarded as a special profession.

76.65438+6.211986, in the national standard occupational classification and code of People's Republic of China (PRC), all kinds of teachers at all levels were classified as "professional technicians".

77. 1 993 1 01October 31,promulgated,19941kloc-0/October1officially implemented "People's Republic of China (PRC) Teachers"

78. The concept of education is the concept and rational belief about education formed by teachers based on their understanding of education.

79. Teachers' personality characteristics refer to teachers' personality, emotions, health status and the quality of dealing with interpersonal relationships.

School spirit is the unity of school material culture, system culture and spiritual culture, which is formed in long-term practice.

8 1. Potential is a sign that people are different from animals, and it is the possibility or premise to cultivate immature people into mature people and ordinary people into excellent people.

82. Psychologists call adolescence a dangerous period or psychological weaning period.

83. Junior high school students are characterized by ignorance of life, desire for autonomy and efforts to get rid of the bondage of adults.

84. High school students are characterized by over-appreciating themselves and demanding social or psychological imbalance.

85. Intellectual education is an education that gives students systematic scientific and cultural knowledge and skills and develops their intelligence and non-cognitive factors related to learning.

86. Physical education is an education that endows students with health knowledge and skills, develops their physical strength, enhances their self-awareness and physique, cultivates their needs and habits of participating in physical activities, and enhances their willpower.

87. Aesthetic education is an education that cultivates students' healthy aesthetics, develops students' ability to appreciate and create beauty, and cultivates students' noble sentiments and civilized quality.

88. Labor technology education is an education that guides students to master labor technology knowledge and skills and form labor views and habits.

89. Teacher-student relationship refers to the mutual relationship between students and teachers in education and teaching activities, including their status, role and attitude.

90. The relationship between teachers and students in the teaching of educational content constitutes a relationship of giving and receiving.

9 1. Teacher-student relationship promotes each other in social morality.

92. The relationship between teachers and students is democratic and equal in personality.

93. The relationship between teachers and students is the most basic one in educational activities.

94. In the history of Chinese teachers, the word curriculum first appeared in the Tang Dynasty.

95. Curriculum is the foundation of school education, the concentrated expression of school education ideas and theories, and the most important basis for schools to organize teaching activities.

96. In the western educational calendar, the word "course" first appeared in the famous book "What knowledge is most valuable".

97. The specific provisions or manifestations of the curriculum are teaching plan (curriculum plan), teaching outline (curriculum standard) and teaching materials (textbooks).

98. According to the course tasks, courses can be divided into basic courses, extended courses and research courses.

99. According to different course developers or management levels, courses can be divided into national courses, local courses and school courses (school-based courses).

100. According to the course requirements, courses can be divided into compulsory courses and elective courses.

10 1. The basis of curriculum objectives mainly includes the study of students, society and disciplines.

102. The three levels of curriculum documents are curriculum plan, curriculum standards and teaching materials.

103. The curriculum plan is the overall arrangement of the school curriculum, and it is the regulation of the school education and training objectives, curriculum guiding ideology, curriculum setting and structure, and curriculum management mode.

104. Making a curriculum plan is the most important work and the first step in curriculum design.

105. The core of the curriculum plan is the curriculum plan.

106. The outline is generally divided into three parts, namely, explanation. This article. Others.

107. The structure of curriculum standards includes preface, curriculum objectives, content standards, implementation suggestions and appendices.

108. Textbooks are the most important textbooks in school education, the main component of textbook series and an important symbol to measure the basic education level of a country or region.

109. Curriculum implementation refers to the process of putting the curriculum plan into practice, which is the basic way to achieve the expected curriculum goals.

1 10. From the whole process of curriculum development, it includes three main links: curriculum planning, curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation.

1 1 1. Preparing lessons, also known as planning teaching units and class hours, generally includes: general content, important content and difficult content.

Organizing teaching activities is also called attending classes.

113. In the 1950s, Taylor systematically summarized the curriculum evaluation idea of "eight-year research" and put forward the "behavior target evaluation model" for curriculum evaluation.

1 14. Taylor put forward a more striking curriculum principle.

1 15. The evaluation model of target dissociation was put forward by American scholar Screvane.

1 16.Stufflebeam established the evaluation model of background, input, process and results (CIPP).

1 17 is the target evaluation model; Curriculum principles ~; Target dissociation ~; Background input process results ~ ~.

Text is the most important content in the syllabus.

1 19. Teaching is below the standard of educational purpose. Teachers' teaching and students' learning is an activity, which is the basic way for schools to implement quality education.

120. Teaching, as the basic organizational form of school education, is the basic way for schools to implement quality education.

12 1. Teaching is the central work of the school and the basic way to implement the national education policy and realize the educational goals.

122. The fundamental task of school teaching is to promote the all-round development of students.

123. The primary task of teaching is to guide students to master the basic knowledge and skills of science and culture.

124. Teaching principles are the basic guidelines and requirements for guiding teaching work based on certain teaching purposes and understanding of the laws of teaching process.

125. direct teaching AIDS can be divided into physical teaching AIDS and visual models.

126. The word inspiration comes from The Analects of Confucius.

127. The word "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" comes from Zhu's Notes on Four Books in Song Dynasty.

128. Teaching methods are divided into speaking, speaking and explaining.

129. Basic requirements for using discussion method: full preparation; The discussion should be enlightening to students; Summarize the discussion.

130. The basic procedures for teachers to carry out teaching work include preparing lessons, attending classes, assigning homework, checking and correcting, tutoring after class, checking and evaluating academic performance, etc. Class is the central part.

13 1. There are two main ways to check students' homework: examination and examination.

132. Generally speaking, commonly used test questions can be divided into answering questions and multiple-choice questions.

133. Teaching organization refers to the structure in which teachers and students combine to carry out activities according to certain requirements in order to complete specific teaching tasks.

134. The Great Teaching Theory published by Comenius 1632 gives a general exposition of classroom teaching in theory for the first time.

135. The earliest classroom teaching system in China was the Shi Jing Wentong Museum, which was established by the Qing government in 1862.

136. Compound teaching refers to an organizational form in which teachers teach students of two or more grades with different teaching materials in the same class.

137. the teaching method of "eight characters" (reading, discussing, practicing and speaking) in Shanghai Yucai Middle School-structural model.

138. Ms. Taba of Canada put forward "inductive thinking teaching strategy"

139. the goal of moral education is to achieve the overall normative requirements for the formation and development of the quality of the educated through moral education activities, that is, the quality standard of the expected purpose or result to be achieved by moral education activities.

140. The contents of mental health education are mainly divided into three aspects, namely, study guidance, life guidance and vocational guidance.

14 1. The process of moral education is the process of cultivating students' moral quality, which consists of four factors: moral knowledge, emotion, will and action, so the process of moral education is also the process of cultivating students' knowledge, emotion, will and action.

142. Trying to open a key embodies the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude in moral education.

143. The main ways of moral education in China are political lessons and other disciplines, extracurricular activities and extracurricular activities, labor, Communist Youth League activities, and the work of class teachers.

144. Herbart pointed out that teaching is educational, that is, there is always moral education in teaching.

145. Piaget's cognitive model of moral education is the most popular and dominant moral education theory in contemporary education theory.

146. Several modes of class management: ① routine management ② parallel management ③ democratic management ④ management by objectives.

147. Management by objectives was put forward by American management scientist Drucker.

148. The theory of class parallel management originated from the educational thought of the famous educator makarenko.

149. Class management should establish a student-oriented management mechanism.

150. The class is the most basic organization for the school to carry out various activities.

15 1. The leadership styles of class teachers are generally divided into three types: authoritative, democratic and laissez-faire.

152. Understanding and studying students is a necessary prerequisite for educating students and doing well the work of class teachers, and it is also the central link of the work of class teachers.

153. Basic education theory, education development and education evaluation have become three major research topics in the field of education.

154. In the educational evaluation system, student evaluation is at the core.

155. Learning evaluation is also called academic ability evaluation. Students' learning activities can be divided into three categories: cognition, emotion and skills.

156. Learning in skill field includes two parts: motor skills and intelligence.

157. Smith pointed out that teaching any concept, principle or theory is not only for understanding, but also for seeking an attitude towards them-accepting or rejecting its usefulness and reliability.

158. The theory of multiple intelligences was put forward by Gardner, a developmental psychologist at Harvard University in the United States, in the book "The Structure of Intelligence" by 1983.

159. Tutorial system appeared in English schools in19th century.

160. The social imitation model was mainly founded by Bandura in the United States.

16 1. The understanding model was created by British school educator Peter Macphail and his colleagues.

162. The most influential moral education modes in contemporary times include cognitive mode, understanding mode and social imitation mode.

163. The basic methods of moral education in China are persuasion, example, exercise, edification, praise, reward and criticism.

164. The structure of the moral education process consists of four mutually restrictive elements: educators, educatees, and moral education contents and methods.

165. The components of teaching strategies can be divided into four main types: content, form, method and synthesis.

166. Content-based strategies include structured strategies and problem strategies.

167. Basic characteristics of teaching strategies: comprehensiveness, operability and flexibility.

168. The validity of the test refers to the degree to which the test can measure the attributes or characteristics it wants to measure.

169. The reliability of the test is also called the reliability of the test.

170. Examination difficulty refers to the difficulty of the examination.

17 1. The discrimination of the test refers to the degree to which the test can distinguish candidates of different levels.

172. Answer-oriented questions are divided into short answer questions and statement questions.

173. Multiple choice questions are divided into true or false questions, multiple choice questions and combined questions.

174 The principles of curriculum arrangement are integrity, fluidity and physiological suitability.

175. China's compulsory education teaching plan should have three basic characteristics: compulsory, universal and basic.

176. The course is embodied in the teaching plan, syllabus and teaching materials.

177. The right to life includes personal freedom, personal dignity, privacy, reputation, honor and physical and mental health.