What are the contents and methods of ecological planning and design of urban waterfront green spaces in my country?

By analyzing the role of riverside green space in the city and the problems faced by the current urban riverside green space construction, the basic principles of urban riverside green space planning and design are put forward, and the various landscape components of the waterfront green space are analyzed. Propose specific methods for processing. Urban riverside green space is an important resource in urban development and has extremely important value in improving the quality of urban environment and enriching regional features. Because it is on the edge of water and land, riverside areas have the richest landscape information, are often the most beautiful areas in a city, and are the most important areas for forming urban landscape characteristics. At the same time, riverside green space meets modern people’s needs for life, entertainment, leisure and other needs with its superior hydrophilicity and comfort. This is a characteristic that is unmatched by other urban environments. In urban construction, planning comes first. The planning and design of urban waterfront green spaces cannot just stay on the traditional design model, but should be understood and grasped from a deeper and broader level, especially from the perspective of landscape ecology and the relationship between man and nature. Analyze from this perspective, incorporate the construction of riverside green spaces into urban ecosystem protection planning, and tap into the large ecological and recreational functions of urban riverside areas. This article analyzes the shortcomings in the construction process of traditional waterfront green spaces, and proposes that on the basis of traditional planning and design methods, ecological planning and design methods should be introduced to meet the requirements of waterfront green space construction in the new era, and from the perspective of ecological planning of waterfront green spaces Starting from the design principles and specific design methods for dealing with the various landscape components of waterfront green space, the theoretical framework of ecological planning and design of waterfront green space is studied, with a view to serving as a reference for future planning, design and construction of urban riverside green space. .

1. Problems existing in the traditional construction process of urban waterfront green spaces. Due to limitations in understanding and disconnection between *** management departments, in the current reconstruction of riverside areas in most cities, the conflicts between different departments The emphasis varies. For example, the water conservancy department only emphasizes the flood control, water transportation, irrigation and other functions of the water system, treats the water system as an engineering entity rather than an urban public space, and pays less attention to people's psychological and physiological needs. In terms of engineering measures, urban water systems often use cutting and straightening, stone slope protection, high bank embankments, etc. This can indeed meet the functional needs, but rivers and lakes, which are important components of urban public space, Etc., this kind of treatment ignores many slow or imperceptible negative effects, which will bring a series of irreparable losses to the development of the city. The main manifestations are: 1. The closed hard artificial revetment has changed the natural characteristics and important ecological functions of the naturally formed river coastline. For example, the Yangzhou Ancient Canal was originally enclosed by mortared rubble revetments and granite railings on both sides of the river, turning the ancient canal waterway into a flood control and transportation channel with simple utilitarian value. This simple and blunt treatment limits the ecological protection and environmental purification functions of the penetrating water system in urban space, and causes serious defects in the formation of a rich and diverse urban riverside landscape ecosystem. 2. Vertical and steep artificial masonry and revetments make the riverside space a cold and indifferent space lacking the interest of life, separating people from the water and making it out of reach. For example, due to functional requirements such as flood control in the Shanghai Bund section of the Huangpu River, the 3-7m high revetment masonry on both sides of the river is as rigid and rigid as two high walls, which makes the river landscape lack spirituality and change. However, the waterfront green space in Lujiazui, Pudong, was later renovated. Breaking the original shoreline and setting up a waterfront activity space for citizens not only enriches the waterfront landscape, but also satisfies citizens' requirements for being close to and close to the water. 3. The river water quality is seriously polluted and there is a lack of scientific and effective treatment methods. Due to the lack of strict management of industrial and domestic sewage in many cities, they are discharged directly into the inner rivers of the city, turning the originally clear river water into "black water rivers" and smelly ditches. If such rivers are not managed, not only cannot they improve the urban environment, but they will become a new source of pollution. At present, the technology of using waterfront plants to control water pollution has been greatly developed in my country. Chengdu Living Water Park in Sichuan is a successful example. It uses the Fuhe and Nanhe rivers to transform a large area of ????waterfront shoals, planting a large number of aquatic and marsh plants, and absorbing, filtering and degrading pollutants in the water through the plants. Compared with ordinary sewage treatment plants, this method of using waterfront wetland plants to purify water has the characteristics of low cost, long-term effect, and multiple effects. This idea is worthy of reference for the transformation of urban waterfront green spaces. 4. Planning and design are out of touch with local culture, and the landscape lacks individuality.

In the design of many urban waterfront spaces, designers lack a full exploration of the city's history and cultural heritage and a full analysis of the basic current situation, and copy general design patterns. The waterfront landscape built in this way will be "the same for a thousand cities" and lack characteristics. and vitality. For the transformation of the urban waterfront landscape, if we want to completely change its functional and landscape deficiencies and improve the ecological system construction of the urban riverside landscape, *** decision makers must first solve the following problems: First, coordinate*** Manage inter-departmental work and organize the water conservancy department, water transportation department, gardening department, urban planning department, environmental protection department, etc. to conduct comprehensive environmental assessments to achieve multiple goals. Second, comprehensively control water quality pollution problems in waterways. The openness and accessibility of the riverside area are all based on good water quality conditions. If faced with seriously polluted and smelly river water, no matter how good the water-friendly space is, no one will be willing to approach it. In short, the transformation of urban riverside green space environment in the new era requires re-examining this precious resource in the city with new concepts, starting from the entire city's landscape system to carry out waterfront landscape construction, and guiding citizens' activities to the waterside. . To achieve this, we should first start with planning and design, follow scientific planning principles and reasonable design methods, and use the concept of ecological planning and design to plan and design urban waterfront green spaces, so that the city's waterfront green space can truly become an integral part of the urban landscape. an organic part.

2 The essence of ecological planning and design

2.1 Concept of ecological planning and design Ecological planning and design is still in its infancy in the field of garden landscape design, and the interpretations of its concepts are also different. To sum up, it generally includes one or both of the following aspects: 1. Applying ecological principles to guide planning and design; 2. Making the results of planning and design maximize the protection of the environment while meeting human landscape and functional needs. At present, the "ecological planning and design" of garden landscapes does not yet have a clearer concept, a complete theoretical basis, and clear principles and standards. It needs to be enriched and improved through further research and continuous practice. 2.2 The connotation of ecological planning and design Traditional planning and design is generally based on human needs as the premise and based on the principles of functionality, artistry and social culture. It meets the physiological, safety, social and self-esteem needs of contemporary people. need. Compared with traditional planning and design concepts, ecological planning and design takes more into account the needs of sustainable urban development, that is, while meeting the needs of the present generation, it does not harm the development needs of future generations. For the latter, traditional planning and design rarely consider it, and ecological planning and design emerged to fill this gap. Of course, under current social conditions, natural resources are scarce, and scientific and technological levels cannot provide sufficient support for ecological planning and design. Ecological planning and design cannot completely replace or evolve into conventional planning and design methods. Designers often adopt an eclectic or reformist approach, that is, combined with traditional planning and design techniques, to meet the needs of recent urban development while strengthening the protection of the ecological environment and introducing the perspective of sustainable development to form a A more demanding design method that is added to traditional design techniques. However, it is foreseeable that with the development of society, ecological planning and design methods will be widely adopted. By then, ecological planning and design will no longer be added to traditional planning and design, but will be integrated with traditional planning and design. "Conventional" design techniques.

3 Principles of ecological planning and design of urban waterfront green spaces

3.1 Maintain the integrity and continuity of the base site The construction of urban waterfront green spaces must stand outside the waterfront green spaces. Study problems starting from higher-order systems such as the entire urban green space system or even the entire urban system. As the ancient Chinese military strategist said: Those who are good at chess seek power; those who are not good at chess seek for enemies. "Potential" refers to the global development trend. The formation of rivers is a process of comprehensive action of natural forces. This process constitutes a complex system. Changes in one factor in the system will affect the overall landscape. Therefore, when planning and constructing waterfront landscapes, we should first consider the waterfront green space as a system, and carry out comprehensive planning from a regional perspective and a systematic perspective, instead of dividing the river channel from the large regional space. , considered separately.

3.2 Comply with the ecological environment characteristics of the base site and reduce human interference and destruction. Any modification on the earth’s surface will have an impact on it, but this does not mean that humans will withdraw from the biosphere and no longer carry out construction. Instead, we should realize that humans The causes and magnitude of the impact of construction behaviors on the ecosystem can be reduced or avoided through design. Maintain the resilience of the ecosystem and keep the environment full of vitality and vitality. Any garden landscape ecosystem has specific physical structure and ecological characteristics, showing spatial heterogeneity. Before planning and design, a systematic analysis of the base site should be carried out, taking into account the climate, hydrology, topography, vegetation, wildlife and other ecology of the base site. characteristics of the elements, and comply with these ecological environment characteristics during the planning and design process to minimize human interference and damage. 3.3 Taking into account multiple functions such as ecology, landscape, and flood control. The improvement of urban waterfront areas is not simply to solve the problems of water transportation, flood control and other use functions. It should also include improving the ecological environment of water areas, improving the water quality of rivers and lakes, and increasing waterfront green spaces. There are a series of issues such as recreational opportunities and landscape effects, and increasing the economic value of land surrounding waterfront areas. Only from a certain perspective. All will be biased and cause losses, so it must be taken into account and coordinated as a whole. The planning and construction of waterfront landscape must be guided by systematic engineering. On the premise of meeting the basic use functions, the needs of landscape, ecology and other needs should be reasonably considered, and the waterfront green space should be built into a multi-functional composite urban public space to meet the needs of the city. The diverse needs of modern urban life. 3.4 Focus on green and give priority to ecology. The important ecological function requirements of urban waterfront green spaces in the city are mainly fulfilled by plants. This determines that the planning and construction of urban waterfront spaces must be based on the principles of landscape ecology. , simulating the natural ecological community structure of the natural river coastline, with greening as the main body and plant landscaping as the main body, emphasizing the main use of native tree species, taking into account the biodiversity of the plant community, and using natural materials to create a natural and interesting waterfront landscape. . Planning and design should take several aspects such as protecting biodiversity, increasing landscape heterogeneity, emphasizing landscape personality, promoting the recycling of natural energy, constructing urban habitat corridors, and achieving sustainable development of landscapes as the main contents of waterfront green space ecological planning. reflect. 3.5 Combine landscape with culture and highlight local characteristics. The combination of natural landscape improvement and cultural landscape protection is an important means for urban waterfront green spaces to reflect the city’s historical and cultural heritage and highlight the cultural connotation of waterfront green spaces and local landscape characteristics. Especially for some famous cities with profound history and culture, fully exploring the city's historical and cultural characteristics, using garden landscape expression techniques to express them, and maintaining the continuity of the city's historical context are important principles for waterfront green space ecological planning and design. It is important for restoration and It is of great significance to improve the vitality of waterfront landscape and enhance the local characteristics, culture and interest of waterfront green space.

4 Methods and Contents of Urban Waterfront Green Space Ecological Planning and Design Ecological planning and design is based on the principle of meeting the needs of sustainable development and is based on the ecological environment of the base site, saving material and energy, protecting biodiversity and improving Plant ecological benefits are the standard. On the basis of traditional design methods, we reanalyze, evaluate, organize and improve conventional designs under the guidance of ecological design principles and methods. In this way, the two go back and forth to form the final plan. Urban waterfront green space is a composite area that includes water and land areas and is rich in landscape and ecological information. The ecological planning and design of waterfront green spaces mainly includes the design and treatment of basic elements such as complex plant communities, landscape architectural sketches, road paving systems, and waterfront revetments within the green spaces. 4.1 The positioning of landscape style and the setting of buildings and sketches. In order to meet the functional requirements of citizens for resting, viewing and spotting, the waterfront green space needs to set up certain landscape buildings and sketches. Commonly used types of landscape buildings include: Pavilions, corridors, flower stands, waterside pavilions, teahouses, docks, archways, towers, etc.; commonly used landscape sketches include: sculptures, rockeries, stones, benches, railings, signs, etc. The choice of types and styles of buildings and sketches in waterfront green spaces is mainly determined by the positioning of the landscape style of the green space. In turn, the landscape style of waterfront green spaces is also reflected through landscape architecture and sketches.

The landscape style of waterfront green spaces mainly includes two categories: classical landscape style and modern landscape style. Among them, waterfront green spaces with classical landscape style often reflect the historical and cultural characteristics of the city in the form of antique and retro. Through the restoration of historical monuments and the city The reproduction of representative culture expresses the historical and cultural connotation of the city. This style is usually suitable for some famous historical and cultural cities or historical protection areas with profound historical and cultural heritage. For example, the planning of Yangzhou's ancient canal riverside scenery belt. Since Yangzhou is a national historical and cultural city with a history of more than 2,000 years, and the ancient canal runs through the city's historical protection area, the landscape style of the riverside green space is positioned to reflect Yangzhou's "ancient canal culture" As the core, through the restoration, protection and construction of cultural monuments along the ancient canal. Recreating the former prosperity and style of the ancient canal, the interior and surrounding buildings of the riverside green space are dominated by Yangzhou's typical "Hui Style" architectural style. For some emerging cities or regions, the positioning of waterfront green space landscape style is often based on the overall requirements of urban construction, and modern-style landscapes are often selected, which are reflected through sculptures, flower stands, fountains and other landscape architecture and sketches. For example, the riverside green space along Lujiazui along the Huangpu River in Shanghai and the lakeside green space beside Jinji Lake in Suzhou Industrial Park. Although Shanghai and Suzhou are also famous historical and cultural cities, because Pudong and Suzhou Industrial Park are both emerging modern urban areas, their landscapes In terms of style selection, modern landscape style is still the main choice, and the characteristics and development trajectory of the city are reflected through modern-style landscape architecture and sketches. Of course, the key to the choice of waterfront green space landscape style lies in coordination with the overall style of the city or region. The design of architectural sketches should be small in size and dispersed in layout. The architectural sketches should be integrated into the green environment. Only in this way can we design viable works with local characteristics. 4.2 Treatment and vertical design of waterfront space As the “margin of water and land”, waterfront green spaces are mostly open spaces. The design of their space often takes into account the external street space landscape and water surface landscape, as well as the location of people’s stations and viewing points. There are many modes of treatment, among which the representative ones are as follows: viewing in peripheral spaces (streets); viewing, sightseeing, and resting in the internal spaces of green spaces (roads, squares); viewing by the water; viewing and recreation on the water; and viewing on the other side of the water. wait. In order to achieve a multi-level three-dimensional viewing effect, strip spaces are generally set up along the waterfront in the longitudinal direction to connect various landscape nodes (usually a landscape node is set every 300 to 500m) to form a longitudinal landscape sequence. The vertical design considers the ups and downs of the strip landscape sequence, and uses the changes in terrain stacking and vegetation configuration to form a beautiful and changeable canopy line and skyline on the landscape, forming a vertical rhythm and rhythm; horizontally, it needs to be in different places. The elevation of the waterfront and water-friendly space is arranged. The cross-sectional treatment of the waterfront space must comprehensively consider the requirements of water level, flow, tide, traffic, landscape and ecology, so a multi-layer duplex cross-sectional structure must be adopted. The cross-sectional structure of this kind of duplex is divided into several types: low outside and high inside, high outside and low inside, high in the middle and low on both sides. The low-rise waterfront space is designed according to the normal water level and is allowed to be submerged during the annual flood season. These two levels of space can form a recreational space with good hydrophilicity. The upper steps serve as a once-in-a-millennium flood control embankment. The spaces on each floor are connected vertically using various means to form a three-dimensional space system. There is usually a large height difference between the land space and the water space of waterfront green space. Due to the needs of landscape and ecology, in order to avoid the straight and stiff feeling of the traditional stone revetment, the waterfront space can be processed in the following cross-sectional forms. 1. Natural gentle slope type: Usually suitable for wider waterfront spaces. The natural gentle slope terrain between water and land weakens the height difference between water and land, forming a natural spatial transition. The terrain slope is generally smaller than the natural resting angle of the foundation soil. Sightseeing trails can be set up near the water, and combined with planting of plants, a naturally curved waterfront can be formed, forming a natural ecological, open and stretched waterside space. 2. Platform type: For areas where the height difference between water and land is large and the green space is not very open, the platform type can be used to weaken the sense of height difference in the space and avoid blunt transitions. That is to say, the total height difference is resolved through multi-layered platforms. Each platform can be designed as a platform, paving or planting space according to needs. The platforms communicate with the upper and lower floors through steps, and combined with the planting design, the hard retaining wall masonry is shielded, forming a Introverted waterfront space. 3. Protruded type: For open water surfaces, this type of treatment can be used to meet people's requirements for being close to the water and viewing from a distance by designing platforms and planks near the water or on the water.

The surface elevation of waterfront platforms and plank roads is generally designed with reference to the normal water level of the water body. It is usually O. 5～1． Om, if there are strong winds and waves, it can be raised appropriately. It is better to keep it as close to the water as possible under the premise of safety. The selected platforms and planks should be equipped with railings in areas with deeper water depth. When the water depth is shallower, railings may not be installed or railings may be used to enclose them with stools. 4. Introduction type: This type refers to introducing water bodies into the green space, organizing dynamic waterscapes based on the relationship between terrain height differences, and forming landscape nodes. The principle is to use the flow characteristics of the water body and use water pumps as power to pump water from the lower rivers and lakes to the upper green space, and then flow back to the lower water body through waterfalls, streams, falling water and other water features, forming a self-circulation of water. This method of using the height difference of the terrain to complete the construction of dynamic waterscapes is much more scientific and beautiful than the simple protective revetment or retaining wall. However, due to cost and maintenance reasons, it is only suitable for regional landscape nodes and is not suitable for large-scale use. . 4.3 Design of plant ecological communities in waterfront green spaces Plants are the main means to restore and improve the ecological functions of waterfront green spaces. Taking the ecological benefits of green spaces as the main goal, on the basis of traditional plant landscaping, in addition to paying attention to the ornamental aspects of plants According to the requirements, it is also necessary to combine the vertical design of the terrain and simulate the typical landform features formed by the natural process of water system formation, such as estuaries, tidal flats, wetlands, etc. to create a topographic environment suitable for waterfront plants to restore the ecological quality of urban waterfront areas. As the goal, comprehensively consider the structure of green space plant communities. In addition, natural vegetation elements are introduced into waterfront ecologically sensitive areas, such as building waterfront ecological reserves in suitable areas and establishing a variety of wildlife habitats to establish a complete waterfront green ecological corridor. 1. Selection of green plant varieties. In addition to the selection of conventional ornamental tree species, attention should also be paid to cultivating local water-tolerant plants or aquatic plants. At the same time, great attention should be paid to the complex vegetation communities on the waterside. They are especially important for ecological ecotones such as riverside waterfront zones and embankment zones. important. The selection of plant varieties should be based on various requirements such as landscape and ecology. On the basis of suitable trees and suitable sites, attention should also be paid to increasing the diversity of plant communities. Taking advantage of the differences in natural conditions in different areas, artificial communities with unique characteristics are configured. Commonly used water-side and water-tolerant plants include: weeping willow, metasequoia, pond fir, Yunnan Huangxin, forsythia, reed, calamus, cattail, lotus, water chestnut, Alisma, water onion, wild rice, water lily, aphrodisiac, and water lily. wait. 2. Urban waterfront greenbelt greening should adopt natural design as much as possible to imitate the structure of natural ecological communities. The specific requirements are: first, the mix of plants—the level and combination of ground cover, flowers, grass, low shrubs, and tall trees—should be as consistent as possible with the structural characteristics of waterside natural vegetation communities; second, the introduction of natural vegetation elements into waterside ecologically sensitive areas. , such as planting trees in suitable areas to restore natural woodlands, establishing wetlands at estuaries and river junctions, changing maintenance methods to cultivate natural grasslands, and establishing habitats for a variety of wildlife. These natural ecological communities have high productivity, can self-maintain, are easy to manage, and have high environmental, social and aesthetic benefits. At the same time, they are highly economical in consuming energy, resources and manpower. 4.4 Design of revetments Traditional engineering methods to control floods mainly include straightening meandering streams, deepening river channels, and using materials such as concrete, bricks, and stones to reinforce banks, build dams, and weirs. These measures have produced many negative consequences. The construction of large-scale flood control engineering facilities has directly destroyed the foundation for the survival of riverbank vegetation. The lack of permeability of cement berms has cut off the exchange and circulation of water and air between the berm soil and the space above it. . Adopting ecological planning and design techniques should make up for these shortcomings and promote the use of ecological revetments. Ecological revetment refers to a restored natural river bank or an artificial revetment with the "permeability" of the natural river bank. It can fully ensure the water exchange and regulation functions between the river bank and the water body, and at the same time has a certain degree of flood resistance. Ecological revetments can generally be divided into the following three types Figure 3: 1 Natural prototype revetments: Mainly use plant protection embankments to maintain the characteristics of natural embankments, such as planting weeping willows, metasequoias, poplars, reeds, calamus and other water-loving plants near the water , their developed root systems that grow and stretch to stabilize the embankment, and the willow branches are flexible and adapt to the flow of water, increasing their ability to resist floods and protect the river embankment. 2. Natural revetment: not only planting vegetation, but also using natural stone and wood bottom protection to enhance the flood resistance of the embankment. For example, gabions, wooden piles or mortared stones are used as bottom protection at the foot of the slope, and a certain slope is built on it. Earth embankments, planting vegetation on slopes, implementing a combination of trees, shrubs and grasses, and solid embankments and bank protections.

3. Artificial natural revetment: Based on the natural berm, reinforced concrete and other materials are used to ensure maximum flood resistance. For example, reinforced concrete columns or water-resistant logs are made into a trapezoidal box frame, and large amounts of water are invested into it. Stones or concrete pipes of different diameters are inserted to form a deep fish nest, and then large willow branches, poplar branches, etc. are buried in the box-like frame; aquatic plants such as reeds and calamus are planted on the water side to make them grow in the gaps. Lush, green vegetation grows. 4.5 Treatment of road system The internal road system of waterfront green space is an important means to form the spatial framework of waterfront green space. It is the main way to connect green space and water areas, green space and surrounding urban public spaces. The design of modern waterfront green space roads It is to create a humanized road system that can not only provide citizens with convenient and fast transportation functions and viewing spots, but also provide vivid and diverse time and space transformations and spatial sequences that are in line with human spatial scales. In order to meet such requirements, the planning and design of the internal road system of the waterfront green space should follow the following main principles and methods: 1. Provide a road system that separates people and vehicles and harmoniously coexists, and connects various exits, activity squares, landscape nodes and other internal openings. Space and green space surrounding street space. The diversion of people and vehicles mentioned here refers to the separate organization and planning of the pedestrian road system for tourists and the road system used by vehicles. Generally, the pedestrian road system mainly meets the functions of tourists walking, dynamic viewing, etc., and connects internal facilities, activity squares, landscape nodes, etc. Open spaces are mainly composed of several types such as sightseeing trails, stair climbs, stone steps, stone steps, plank roads, etc.; vehicle road systems are generally designed for larger areas of waterfront green space, generally small strips of waterfront The green space is replaced by external streets, which mainly include motor vehicle fire protection, sightseeing, maintenance, etc. and non-motor vehicle roads, which mainly connect the surrounding street spaces adjacent to the green space. Among them, the non-motor vehicle roads mainly meet the needs of tourists to use bicycles, tour rickshaws, and tours. Exercise needs. Planning should be organized separately according to environmental characteristics and usage requirements to avoid mutual interference. For example, in the waterfront green space of Jinji Lake in Suzhou, due to the vast lake surface, in addition to walking and sightseeing, the tour route along the lake also considers pollution-free battery tour lanes to meet the needs of tourists for long-distance tours, so that each can go their own way without interfering with each other. 2. Provide comfortable, convenient and attractive tour routes. Create diverse event venues. The design of roads and places within green spaces should follow the principles of comfort, convenience and beauty. Among them, comfort requires that the road surface is relatively flat regionally and conforms to the scale used by tourists; convenience requires that the road linear design be as convenient and fast as possible to increase the accessibility of various activity venues. The internal roads of modern waterfront green spaces should consider the scenery, tourist interest and space. To create, the circular road system is often organized in a curved and natural linear shape on the plane, or a combination of straight lines, arcs, curves, roads and squares are used to connect each node in series and communicate with the surrounding street space. The facade rises and falls with the terrain, forming a multi-faceted structure. There are many forms and styles of road systems; beauty is the basic requirement for green space road design. Compared with other roads, internal roads in garden green space pay more attention to the selection of pavement materials and pattern decoration to achieve aesthetic requirements. Generally, this kind of decoration is Obtained through changes in pavement forms and patterns, this decorative design creates diverse activity venues and road landscapes. 3. Provide safe and comfortable water-friendly facilities and various water-friendly trails to enhance interpersonal communication and sense of place. Waterfront green space is the type of landscape green space with the richest natural landform features. Its essential feature is that it has an open water surface and varied waterfront space. The planning of its internal road system can make full use of these basic landform features to create diverse activity venues, such as waterside tourist trails, platforms extending into the water, docks, plank roads, and various forms of tourist roads that run through the internal nodes of the green space. Rest squares, etc., combined with railings, benches, steps and other small features, provide safe and comfortable water-friendly facilities and diverse water-friendly trails to enhance interpersonal communication and create personalized activity spaces. The specific design should be combined with environmental characteristics and treated separately in terms of material selection, road alignment, road form and structure. The material selection should be based on local vernacular materials and mainly permeable materials to enhance the ecological nature of the road space and enhance interpersonal communication. and a sense of place. 4. Configure beautiful road decorations and lighting. In addition to the careful design of the road itself, humanized road design also needs to consider the design of related decorative items such as benches and signage to meet the needs of tourists for rest and information.

At the same time, the design of lighting is also an important part of road design. Generally, commonly used lamps on waterfront greenbelt roads include street lights for main roads, garden lights for sightseeing branches, waterfront platforms, floodlights combined with street trees, contour lights for waterfront platforms, plank roads, etc. , the lighting settings can not only provide visitors with evening lighting, but also create colorful light and shadow effects.

5 Conclusion The research on ecological planning and design of urban waterfront green spaces is a big topic, involving many factors, such as ecology, behavioral psychology, economics, botany, aesthetics, literature... are all its theories Reference frame. The issues involved in urban waterfront green space are difficult to fully explain, nor can they be realized solely by the personal thinking and subjective wishes of landscape architects. This article discusses the necessity of introducing ecological planning and design into the construction of waterfront green space in large and medium-sized cities in my country from the perspective of theoretical research. Through the analysis of my country's current national conditions and the summary of domestic and foreign theories and construction experience, this paper proposes the ecological planning of waterfront green space. The theoretical framework of the design is expected to serve as a reference for future planning, design and construction of urban riverside green spaces.

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