Learning method guidance: several common methods of memorizing historical knowledge in junior high school

Although the history of senior high school entrance examination has been implemented with the reform in recent years, the historical knowledge is varied, involving a wide range and rich in content. Therefore, it is very difficult for candidates to answer flexible and open questions if they don't have enough knowledge. Accurate memory of basic knowledge is the first step to learn history well, but many students understand accurate memory as rote learning. History is inherently interesting, and students like it and can understand it. What they are worried about is not that they can't remember, but that they are afraid of exams. If they have a good memory method, they can study easily and have a good exam. I believe all students will like history. Here are several commonly used methods of memorizing historical knowledge, which students can experience selectively according to their own reality.

First, the formula memory method

Formula memory is to memorize the contents of memory into formulas, jingles and so on. This method is vivid and easy to remember, catchy and unforgettable for a long time. Especially suitable for senior one students, because their understanding and memory ability is still relatively lacking, mainly mechanical memory. If some boring knowledge is compiled into rhymes and songs, the effect will be very good. The content of each lesson can be summarized into a few jingles. This method is of great benefit to stimulate students' interest in learning and improve the effect of mechanical memory, but it is not omnipotent. What is more important is to cultivate students' understanding and memory ability.

For example, use formulas to remember Chinese historical dynasties ── Pangu, Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties (Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty), Qin and Han Dynasties (Western Han Dynasty and Eastern Han Dynasty), Shu, Wei, Wu and Jin Dynasties (Western Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty), Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song Dynasty (Liao and Jin Dynasty), Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Second, the digital inductive memory method

Digital inductive memory is to summarize the contents of memory according to different attributes, and then classify these contents and their attributes for memory.

For example, an important event in China's modern history, namely "Aggression and Resistance" in Unit 1 of Grade 8 of People's Education Publishing House, can be summarized as "432 1". Namely, the four major wars-the Opium War, the Second Opium War, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese War and Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China; Three unequal treaties ── treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki and the Treaty of Love and Ugliness: The Second Peasant Movement ── Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and Boxer Rebellion: A Main Line ── How China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

The seven "3s" can also be used in the study of "the early bourgeois revolution in Britain, France and the United States". Namely: three fuses: the British people's uprising (Britain), the Boston tea party (America) and the third-level meeting (France); Three landmark events in the early days of the revolution: the long-closed parliamentary resumption (Britain), the gunfire in Lexington (the United States) and the capture of the Bastille (France); Three important documents: Bill of Rights (UK), Declaration of Independence (USA) and Declaration of Human Rights (France); Three central figures: Cromwell (UK), Washington (USA) and robespierre (French); Three coups: palace coup (Britain), hot moon coup (France) and foggy moon coup (France).

Third, simplified centralized method.

Simplified concentration method is the process of simplifying the complex, removing the rough and selecting the fine, closely following the key words, and compressing the complicated content.

For example, do you still remember the "harmony, communication, Han and South" on the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty? Remember the historical significance of the establishment of * * *, as long as you remember two idioms, "opening up the world" and "brand-new"; "Sino-British treaty of nanking" remembers "compensation, opening, cession of land, customs duties"; For example, the content of treaty of shimonoseki between China and Japan can be simplified as "cutting three islands, paying 200 million yuan in compensation, opening four ports and setting up factories". The significance of Nanchang Uprising lies in remembering three "Ones": "A flag, a symbol, a festival", and words can be condensed into several articles through numbers. For example, the "New Culture Movement" can be condensed into "one slogan, two stages, three contents and four representatives". The process of content arrangement is the process of deep processing, which will certainly deepen the impression and improve the memory. And then restore it to the complete content. Through this method, it is not only convenient to remember, but also helpful for students to deepen their understanding of knowledge.

Fourthly, serial memory method.

Serial memory method is to connect the contents of several memories according to their respective characteristics and relationships.

For example, do you still remember the series "Five Powers in the Spring and Autumn Period"? During the Spring and Autumn Period, five countries, Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang, rose up for hegemony, which was called "Five Powers in the Spring and Autumn Period" in history. After a long time, one or two of the "five tyrants" are easy to forget. It's easy to remember if you connect them in series. That is: "It was recently reported that Qi Huan picked rosin (Song Xiang), sawed off Qin Mu (Qin Mu) and left Chu stakes (Chu Zhuang)". Reciting Seven Heroes of the Warring States by Serialization: During the Warring States Period, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin were called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" in history, and by Serialization and Homophony, they can be recorded as "Seven uncles looking for scarves and cigarettes". ?

Five, the knowledge structure memory method

This method is suitable for after-class review, unit review, special review and systematic review. Draw a knowledge structure tree when reviewing, and draw it while recalling, including the headline, subtitle and the specific content under each subtitle, just like drawing a tree: trunk, branches and leaves. When remembering, grab the branches first, then add the branches and leaves. "Knowledge points are scattered, just like beads on the ground. If we string them together with thread, it will be convenient to take them away. "

For example, the People's Education Publishing House, the first unit of the eighth grade, "The Establishment and Consolidation of New China";

Six, homophonic memory method

Homophonic memorization is to link the recorded content with the already mastered content through the similarity or similarity of pronunciation.

For example, Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty on 6 18, which can be recorded as: "Li Yuan gave Tang a hug (6 18)". The Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894 broke out in 1894, which can be homophonic as "pull it out or die". The main leaders of the August 1st Uprising were Zhou Enlai, He Long, Zhu De, Ye Ting and Liu Bocheng. It is much more convenient to remember with the words "Liu Ye cooks porridge and drinks".

Seven, historical memory method

Memorizing the historical age is a headache for many students, but some students have to remember it. So what should we do? Isolated figures are hard to remember and easy to forget. We must find ways to make them easy to remember and unforgettable. In this regard, we can try the following methods.

(1) comparative memory method. For example, the first, second and third congresses of China were held in 192 1, 1922 and 1923 respectively; "Three Kingdoms" era: In 220, Cao Pi built Wei; 22 1 year, Liu Bei built Shu; In 222, Sun Quanzhao Wu Wang. The beginning of modern world history (1640) and the beginning of modern China history (1840) are just 200 years apart. The slave society in China ended (476 BC) and the slave society in Western Europe ended (476 AD), one in BC and one after AD; Meiji Restoration (1868) and the Reform Movement of 1898 in China (1898). In this case, just remember one, and the other two will be remembered.

(2) Events with the same mantissa. Take "9" as an example of historical events. Britain enacted the Bill of Rights. 1789, the French Revolution broke out. 19 19, May 4th Movement in China. 1929, the economic crisis in the capitalist world. 1949, the new China was born. ...

(3) Summarize the great events that happened in the same era. For example, in 186 1, Empress Dowager Cixi staged a coup, the Prime Minister's yamen was established, the Russian serfdom was reformed, and the American Civil War began. For another example, during the period of 1927, many great events happened in the history of China: the Kuomintang Rightists launched a counter-revolutionary coup, the Nanjing National Government was established, the producers led three armed uprisings, and the August 7th meeting was held.

The most prominent feature of history is its large storage capacity, so it must be very painful to learn by rote. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly sum up the tricks of memory in history learning, but the methods of memory need to be constantly summed up and pondered in the process of re-learning. The above methods can't all be mechanically copied, so we need to master them flexibly. Only in this way can history study be more effective and interesting.