What are the methods of teaching literacy?

?Life begins with literacy and intelligence. ?A large amount of literacy is not only the basis for reading and writing, but also conducive to the learning of various subjects. Therefore, literacy teaching is the top priority of Chinese teaching in lower grades of primary schools. Below I will introduce you to some literacy methods.

Commonly used methods

1. Look at pictures

According to the "intuitive image" characteristics of children's thinking, when teaching students words, pictures can be used to help students recognize them. remember. There are two types of pictures: one is a picture that directly expresses the content of the new words. For example: a tree (wood), a red belt (red); the other is a situation diagram in the textbook. For example, combined with an illustration in "Shadow", it can help students remember the shadow, front, back, and black.

2. Look up the dictionary

By the second grade, students can learn the skill of looking up the dictionary. By looking up the dictionary, you can master the pronunciation of new words and understand the meaning of new words, including the meaning of new words in a word. For example, there is a sentence in "Ivy's Feet": When the ivy's feet touch the wall, the heads of six or seven filaments turn into small discs and hold the wall. ?What does ?touch? mean here? You might as well let students understand it by looking up the dictionary. In the dictionary, "touch" has two interpretations: ① touch, bump, hit; ② touch, move. Obviously, here is the meaning of "contact, touch".

3. Make actions

For some new words that express actions, you can help students memorize them by making actions. For example, if you learn the word "laugh", you can have two children at the same table make smiley expressions to each other. For another example, in the lesson "The Famous Causeway of the West Lake", when teaching the word "grave", the teacher can ask students to think of the desktop as a lake and their hands as white gulls, and make the movements of white gulls flying against the lake surface, so as to understand "grave". ? means ? gently brushing ?.

4. Word puzzles

Word puzzles are a word game and a linguistic and cultural phenomenon unique to Chinese characters. It is mainly based on the characteristics of Chinese characters with complex strokes, relatively independent radicals, and changeable structural combinations, and is created using various methods such as clutching, augmentation, loss, pictography, and understanding. Crossword guessing is a high-order thinking activity that can help students remember the new words they have learned, either the pronunciation, the shape, or the meaning of the word. For example, "Half of a boat or a boat" not only explains the shape of the glyph, but also explains its meaning.

5. Talking about word theory

The so-called word theory refers to the basis and composition rules of Chinese characters. Literary literacy is a method of teaching literacy based on the formation rules of Chinese characters and using the relationship between the sounds, shapes, and meanings of Chinese characters. That is, through the analysis of word formation methods such as object shape, reference, and meaning, and the use of intuition, association, and other means to learn and memorize characters. , to achieve the purpose of literacy. The "Sun, Moon, Water, and Fire" in the unified textbook is a kind of literacy literacy. For word analysis, please refer to "Ziyuan.com".

6. Compiled jingle (children's song)

What is jingle? According to the explanation of "Modern Chinese Dictionary", it refers to a popular oral rhyme with sentences of varying lengths. It is purely spoken, and it is easy to pronounce. This kind of language is catchy and easy for students to remember. For example, when learning the Chinese character "jian", you can design a jingle like this: "The small Chinese character loses its hook at the top, and the large Chinese character shrinks its head at the bottom." It vividly shows the glyph of the word "Jian". For another example, to distinguish the group of words "operate", "irritate", "zao", "bath" and "noisy", you can make up a jingle: "do exercises with your hands, stamp your feet impatiently, a big fire makes people hot, take a bath with cold water, make a lot of noise". ?

7. Compare

Compare the new words to be learned with the familiar words that have been learned, by adding one plus, subtracting one, etc. Learn new words. For example, use " capital " as the root word and add strokes to remember the character " Tai ". For another example, when learning the character "Ba", you can use the method of subtracting parts to memorize it: "Ba" minus "Fud" is "Ba". For another example, comparing the bird and the crow, the bird has lost its eyes, and everything in front of its eyes is completely black, so the word "crow" does not have a dot.

8. Telling stories

Children like to listen to stories. In literacy teaching, teachers can interpret abstract Chinese characters into vivid and interesting stories, so that students can not only remember the new characters by listening to and telling stories in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere, but also stimulate their interest in literacy. For example, when learning the word "wang", a teacher told a short story: Once upon a time, there was a little prince. His mother passed away, and he missed his mother very much. People told him: "Your mother has gone to the moon." ?So he often looked up at the moon and missed his mother.

9. Find friends

Looking for friends means composing words for new words. Fully mobilize the existing accumulation in students' language warehouse, return new words to the context, and truly exert their pragmatic value. Many new words have no real meaning when they exist independently. Only when they are composed of words or placed in a specific context can they realize their meaning function. For example, the meaning of the word "live" is not precise when used as a single word, because it has several meanings (there are 8 interpretations in the dictionary). When it finds friends (forming words), such as: "life", "activity", "happy", "lively", it can express specific meanings.

Life literacy methods

1. Use various media to spread language, and make students happy to be literate in life through activities such as arrangement, inspection, display, and evaluation.

　1. Make full use of campus cultural resources to guide students in literacy.

For example, classroom gardens, billboards on campus, and slogans in windows.

2. Identify with the students’ names so that students can quickly and effectively recognize the characters.

At the beginning of the school year, a seating chart for the entire class will be issued to each student, allowing parents to provide guidance at home and help their children become familiar with the names of the entire class as quickly as possible. We also made two exquisite name cards for each student. One is posted on the desk so that students can know the name of the classmate at any time, and one is for checking. For example, let students distribute name cards to check who can read the most and fastest. In this way, the names of classmates will be recognized quickly.

3. Learn words with the help of real objects and pictures in life.

There are many ready-made objects in the classroom, such as doors, windows, podiums, blackboards, TVs, computers, projectors, and tape recorders. I put word cards on them so that students can recognize what they see. A word that represents the physical object. We also held literacy competitions in different categories to see who knew the most words. For example, school supplies, fruits, vegetables, plants, and animals.

4. Create a literacy environment and give students a space to display and communicate.

Create literacy files for students, and ask parents to help students record the words they recognize every week, and then communicate with the class. A foam plastic board was also set up in the class, with the theme "Today I met again", allowing students to display the words on the collected packaging boxes and packaging bags to communicate and learn from each other. ?Coca-Cola?Wahaha?Want Want Snow Cake?Students have long been able to recognize the words.

Second, use the social classroom to expand students’ literacy time and space through visits, excursions, etc., so that students can learn literacy freely in life.

1. Use billboards, station signs, promotional plaques, etc. to learn Chinese characters.

Guide students to take advantage of opportunities such as playing in the streets and traveling to ask their father and mother, what is written on the billboard? What is the name of that store? Unknowingly, students not only know a lot of words, Including some commonly used words, it also enhances the ability of daily life.

2. Organize various activities in a planned manner to allow students to learn literacy in a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere.

When the teacher took the students to a nearby supermarket, the students were extremely surprised. They did not expect that learning and literacy can be done outside the classroom! In the supermarket, the teacher guided the students to read the words freely in front of the food and labels, and the students happily told the teacher the words they knew. We also use autumn outings, spring outings and other activities to allow students to learn literacy in relaxed and enjoyable activities.

Literacy and writing methods

(1) Literacy teaching methods

1. Situational literacy

(1) Situational literacy using pictures .

For example: when teaching "sky", "stars", and "moon", you can first display the wall chart to let children expand their imagination and enter the picture situation. Learning Chinese characters in this situation can avoid boring learning. And boring, enhance the fun.

(2) Create story-based literacy.

Teachers can use dragonflies to fly in mid-air and butterflies to hide and seek among flowers. Earthworms build palaces in the soil, while ants are busy transporting food on the soil. The tadpoles were swimming happily in the pond, and the spiders were busy building webs in front of the house. ?Teach words such as dragonfly and butterfly in one article, which can increase vividness.

(3) Create literacy in life situations

For example, teachers can set up a "literacy mall", first make various commodities into word cards and place them in categories, and then let students enter the mall. ?Perform identification purchases to see who purchased the ?most items.

2. Exploratory literacy

(1) Explore the radicals of Chinese characters

For example, the words next to the handle are related to the hand or the movement of the hand Related, the words next to the word "foot" are all related to the feet or the movements of the feet, etc. Teachers should inspire students to explore and discover these laws themselves.

(2) Explore the composition rules of Chinese characters

For example, some teachers guide students to discuss in teaching? Who can use the best method to remember this character? Shan?, you all How did you learn this word? Questions like this.

(3) Use reference books to explore the meanings of glyphs and characters

3. Fun literacy

(1) Game activity method: use games to allow students to actively participate Involving in teaching activities can not only enhance the interest of teaching, but also enable students to master the glyph structure in relaxed and enjoyable activities, such as word combination games to drive a train?, find friends, etc.

(2) Children’s rhyme and word puzzle method: Compile some children’s songs and word puzzles according to students’ cognitive characteristics and the structure rules of Chinese characters to teach glyphs. It is both interesting and thoughtful. Students enjoy hearing and seeing, and literacy is efficient. high. For example: Two people with fourteen hearts, the word "virtue" will always be in my heart. ?The word scarf is hidden in a few points on the side; with it on the boat, you can ride the wind and break the waves. (Sail)? The tail of the cross is curved, which means it is three (seven) less than ten. ?

(2) Methods of teaching writing

1. Trace one to two and write three methods

Trace one: The teacher demonstrates how to write new words on the blackboard, and the students Carry out book emptying on the seat (use your fingers to make virtual glyphs in the air).

Pair 2: Students try to write the character modeled by the teacher, and then compare it with the model character; write the new character after comparing it, compare it again after writing, observe the glyphs, and correct the mistakes.

Writing three: Students write the modeled new words three times based on the results obtained after comparison to deepen their impression.

2. Watch, practice, evaluate and modify methods