Handwritten report content to prevent norovirus

Norovirus, also known as Norwalk Viruses (NV), is a virus of the genus Norovirus (NV) in the family Human Calicivirus (HuCV). Below is a handwritten report on preventing norovirus, come and take a look!

1. What is Norovirus

Norovirus is a virus that can cause acute gastroenteritis. The main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Highly contagious. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs, and symptomatic or supportive treatment is mainly used.

Norovirus, also known as pyogenic virus, is a virus that causes non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis. Can be abbreviated as NV. The most common symptoms of norovirus infection are diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, or accompanied by fever, headache and other symptoms. Vomiting and nausea are common in children, while diarrhea is common in adult patients and vomiting is rare. The course of the disease is generally 2-3 days. The disease is a self-limiting disease with no sequelae after recovery.

Norovirus infectious diarrhea is prevalent all over the world, and infection can occur throughout the year. The infected targets are mainly adults and school-age children, with a high incidence in cold seasons. The virus is widely distributed around the world. Data show that among Chinese children with diarrhea under the age of 5, the detection rate of norovirus is about 15. Serum antibody level surveys show that norovirus infection is also very common among the Chinese population.

2. What are the symptoms of norovirus

1. Time of onset: the incubation period is 24-48 hours, generally no more than 96 hours.

2. The progression of the disease.

The clinical manifestations are similar to other viral gastroenteritis. The onset is sudden, and the main symptoms are fever, nausea, vomiting, spasmodic abdominal pain and diarrhea. There can be vomiting or diarrhea alone, or vomiting first and then diarrhea, so it is also called norovirus infectious diarrhea.

Diarrhea is more prominent in adults, and vomiting is more common in children. The stool is yellow and watery, ranging from several to ten times a day, without pus, blood and mucus. It may be accompanied by low-grade fever, sore throat, runny nose, cough, headache, myalgia, fatigue and loss of appetite.

People with a longer course of illness and more severe illness also have a longer time to detoxify, and the infectivity can last two days after the symptoms disappear. The immune period of this disease is short and infection can occur repeatedly.

3. Check for norovirus infection.

Laboratory examinations were routine and normal, and culture showed no growth of pathogenic bacteria. Immunoelectron microscopy of the stool 24 to 48 hours after the onset of illness showed viral particles.

Norovirus infection can occur throughout the year, especially in winter. And humans are the only known hosts. The source of infection is patients with the disease, latent infections and healthy carriers. The main route of transmission is fecal-oral transmission. In addition, daily life contact can also cause the spread of the disease.

3. Treatment of Norovirus

What medicine should be taken for Norovirus? There are currently no specific antiviral drugs and no vaccine available for prevention. Symptomatic treatment or supportive therapy is mainly required for vomiting and diarrhea.

1. Oral rehydration salt: Children with mild illness should take oral rehydration salt recommended by WHO. Severe cases, especially young children and the weak, should receive timely infusion to correct water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance imbalances.

2. Daily care: Pay attention to the patient's dietary hygiene, eat more fresh, easy-to-digest, high-calcium foods, drink more water, eat less high-fat foods, eat less cold foods, and pay attention to the children. Keep warm and avoid going to public places where crowds are too concentrated.

3. Prevent dehydration: Although most of the disease can recover on its own, doctors remind that dehydration is the main cause of death from norovirus-infected diarrhea. Severe cases, especially young children and the weak, should be given timely infusion or treatment. Oral rehydration to correct dehydration, acidosis and electrolyte imbalance.

4. Nutritional treatment: The principle of nutritional treatment for diarrhea is to adjust the diet and stop eating high-fat and difficult-to-digest foods to reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, gradually restore digestive function, and supplement vitamins and electrolytes to treat the cause. , avoid overuse of antibiotics.

4. How to deal with norovirus infections

How to deal with vomitus/overflow feces contaminated areas of patients with norovirus infection:

1. Arrange other arrangements People should stay away from contaminated areas.

2. During the entire process of cleaning up vomitus, gloves and masks must be worn.

3. If there is uncovered food in the vicinity of vomiting or diarrhea, all food should be discarded.

4. Before cleaning soiled sheets and clothes, remove solid dirt first, and then soak them in 1:49 diluted household bleach (1 part household bleach containing 5.25 sodium hypochlorite added to 49 parts clean water (medium) for 30 minutes before washing. If they cannot be soaked in time, they should be placed in sealed bags and disposed of as soon as possible.

5. Use a disposable rag to wipe away vomit/spilled feces from the outside to the inside, and then dilute household bleach 1:49 (1 part household bleach containing 5.25 sodium hypochlorite added to 49 parts water) ) Clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces and nearby areas (it is best to disinfect the area within 2 meters from the edge of vomit/feces spillage), especially frequently touched areas such as door handles, handrails, etc.

Let the bleach stay on the contaminated surface for about 15 to 30 minutes to make the virus inactive. Then rinse with clean water and let the surface dry naturally.

6. Never use a mop to clean up vomitus.

7. After completing the disinfection, the cleaning utensils must be soaked in 1:49 diluted household bleach (1 part of household bleach containing 5.25 sodium hypochlorite added to 49 parts of clean water) for 30 minutes, and then rinsed thoroughly. Use again.

8. After all cleaning work is completed, you must wash your hands thoroughly.