Safety knowledge in winter

"Four elements" for safe driving in winter

In winter, there are many frosts, fogs, rain and snow, and low temperatures, which add many difficulties to drivers and bring many unfavorable factors to driving safety. In order to ensure the safety of driving in winter, the following four tasks should be carried out: anti-freeze, anti-skid, anti-fog, and fire prevention:

First, anti-freeze. Because the temperature is very cold in winter, most vehicles are in the open air or in general garages. Parking overnight can easily cause the vehicle to freeze. Therefore, when parking a vehicle overnight, you should choose a dry and sheltered location. The front of the vehicle should face the downwind direction. Pay attention to completely draining the water in the radiator and engine body. The air and residual water in the air storage tank should also be drained cleanly to avoid Freeze. When starting the engine the next day, warm it up first. Generally, you can add hot water or steam to preheat. When starting the engine, be sure not to hit the throttle to prevent burning of tiles and cylinder pull. Before starting, use idle speed to raise the temperature to about 50 degrees Celsius before starting. After starting, drive slowly for a while in low gear. Only after the chassis is operating normally can you accelerate. (Nanchang Automobile Repair School)

Second, we must prevent slipping. In winter, when driving on icy and slippery roads, vehicles are prone to slipping sideways, and steering accuracy is often abnormal. If you encounter steep slopes, dangerous bridges or narrow roads, be especially cautious and drive slowly at the speed limit. Maintain a uniform speed when going uphill, and use engine control when going downhill. When turning, the vehicle has small adhesion and high centrifugal force, so slow down in advance. If the road surface is particularly slippery, use anti-skid chains. When passing through an intersection, the vehicle speed should be reduced in advance to avoid emergency braking, which may cause sideslip. The distance between the front and rear vehicles should also be increased to more than twice the normal driving distance. When meeting cars, you should park in a wide space 100 to 150 meters away and give way. (Automotive Mechanic Repair)

Three Musts to Prevent Fog When encountering thick fog and unable to move forward (line of sight less than three meters), you should stop and avoid, wait until the fog subsides and the situation improves before proceeding, keeping sight within 30 meters. The speed must not exceed 20 kilometers per hour. When driving, you should turn on your fog lights, low beam lights and tail lights. When you encounter an oncoming vehicle, you should honk your horn first, slow down and give way. You are not allowed to drive against the road, you are not allowed to rush, and you are not allowed to overtake vehicles traveling in the same direction.

Fourth Fire Prevention Fire sources are the external conditions and direct cause of all fire accidents. For the driver, man-made fire sources must be controlled. It is strictly forbidden to use a blowtorch or charcoal fire to bake the engine, fuel tank and fuel pipes; it is forbidden to use lighters, matches, and oil lamps to illuminate the vehicle; it is not allowed to smoke when filling fuel, and it is strictly forbidden to install electric stove wires or cigarette lighters without permission in the cab. device; when the vehicle is parked and maintained, no fires should be set up and welding and other work should be performed around the vehicle. At the same time, you cannot put the high-voltage wire end into the threaded hole of the spark plug to "burn the cylinder", nor can you use the "hanging fire" method to cause flashover.

In short, it is very difficult for drivers to drive in winter, and there are many unfavorable factors. However, as long as you tighten the string of "safety first", you will be able to survive the winter safely.

Winter safety knowledge

Just now, I heard a very tragic thing.

A fire broke out at a house near Parallel Road at about 2 o'clock last night. A mother and her son died in the accident.

The child is less than one year old!

It is said that there were no burns, but the death was caused by inhalation of poisonous gas (the TV caught fire).

In many fire scenes, many people who do not know how to escape and save themselves die!

Here are some articles about the "three preventions" in winter, which I recommend to everyone.

Seven taboos on home fire prevention in winter

In winter, families use a lot of fire, electricity, and oil for heating, which also increases the risk of fire. In addition, the weather is dry in winter. , is a season when home fires occur more frequently. How to prevent home fires during this period is crucial.

One taboo - avoid using fire in production and life

In winter, families use fire more often for daily cooking, lighting, heating, etc., mainly for heating, air conditioning, etc. Heating facilities such as stoves are used more frequently. A little carelessness can easily cause fires; household fires caused by production are more common in agricultural production. When some rural residents are engaged in agricultural production fire operations such as burning wasteland, retting dung, and flue-curing tobacco, once the burning gets out of control, it is easy to cause fires and even cause fires. Company fire.

Two taboos: Improper installation and use of electrical equipment and household appliances causing electrical fires.

Electrical line fire refers to the improper use and installation of power transmission, distribution and power lines, including fuses, switches, sockets, mobile wiring boards and other facilities and equipment. It mainly refers to fires caused by short circuit, overload, poor contact and other faults in electrical circuits, which ignite surrounding combustible materials. The first type of household appliance fire is when electric heating appliances such as electric stoves, electric mattresses, electric heaters, electric irons, and electric kettles are used. Due to improper use or quality problems with the appliance itself, the electric heating appliance is exposed to combustible materials for a long time, or the temperature Fires caused by improper use of electric blankets occur every year when controls malfunction. The other type is fires caused by the malfunction of household appliances such as televisions, refrigerators, and washing machines due to improper use or aging of internal components and circuits of the electrical equipment. Therefore, the police remind everyone that if household appliances malfunction, they must be repaired in time and must not be allowed to work "sickly" to avoid causing fires. In addition, choosing the right socket is equally important to avoid fires.

Three taboos - Smoking

Some residents smoke without paying attention to fire safety, such as smoking outdoors on windy days, littering cigarette butts, smoking in some fire-free places or smoking in bed, etc. , it is easy to cause fire accidents

Four taboos - children playing with fire

Parents often do not pay enough attention to their children's fire prevention education and lack warnings, and children are very interested in fire starters. Fire accidents may occur if some children play with open flames in areas with a lot of combustibles, set off fireworks and firecrackers near combustibles, or use matches or lighters to play with fire in residences.

Five taboos——Improper storage and use of flammable and explosive dangerous goods

The flammable and explosive dangerous goods often used and stored in the home are mainly liquefied petroleum gas cylinders, Gas lighters and hairspray mousses, etc. At the same time, with the improvement of living standards, some urban and rural families have purchased cars, and many rural residents have also purchased agricultural vehicles, trucks and other vehicles to engage in agricultural production or transportation industries. Subsequently, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline The use and storage of dangerous goods such as diesel and diesel also bring fire hazards to some families.

Six taboos - baking clothes

In order to increase the indoor temperature, some families often use heating equipment such as electric heaters and electric stoves. Such equipment consumes a lot of electricity. , the temperature is also very high, and some people are used to using them to bake clothes. In fact, this approach is extremely dangerous. It not only easily burns the clothes, but also easily causes fire accidents.

Seven taboos - gas leakage

In order to ensure the temperature in the city in winter, many citizens have sealed their balconies and windows, which directly results in the inability of the city air to exchange with the outdoor air. . Once gas or liquefied gas leaks, it will often cause serious consequences. When residents use gas, they must make sure the gas valve is in the closed position. If you find a gas leak, quickly close the valve and open the doors and windows; do not panic or use an open flame. For your safety and the safety of others, please always be aware of fire hazards!

Seven tips for home fire prevention in winter

The monsoon is a period of high incidence of fire hazards due to high temperatures and dry weather. Fire protection experts suggest that you should pay attention to the following "seven don'ts" when it comes to home fire protection in winter:

One don't do is cause fires due to malfunctions of household appliances. When using electric stoves, electric blankets, electric irons, etc., avoid fires caused by wire aging and damage caused by frequent handling.

Two avoid throwing cigarette butts and causing fires. "One cigarette can destroy a building thousands of meters tall." Don't throw cigarette butts around, especially in places with a lot of flammable materials like the kitchen.

Three avoidances include setting off fireworks and firecrackers to cause fires. When setting off fireworks and firecrackers, you must master the correct setting off methods. After setting off, the site must be inspected and cleaned to eliminate fire hazards.

Four avoidance: Do not allow fire to keep warm and cause fire. It is strictly forbidden to use gasoline, kerosene, alcohol and other flammable substances to start a fire when heating in winter. Do not pile flammable objects around the stove, and do not use heating equipment to bake clothes.

Five avoidances include burning garbage and causing fires. There may be combustible and explosive materials in the garbage, such as liquefied gas residues, glass bottles, firecrackers, waste liquid lighters, etc., which may explode if burned.

Six avoidances include fire caused by gas leakage. Once a gas leak is discovered, you should immediately turn off the gas valve and stove switch and open the doors and windows. Do not turn on or off any indoor appliances or use the indoor phone at this time. If you find a gas leak in your neighbor's house, you should knock on the door immediately to notify and do not use the doorbell.

Qiji is not equipped with fire-fighting equipment.

Every home should be equipped with a small fire extinguisher, etc., and every member should know how to use it.

Child-proof food in winter

Winter is here, and you have put on a thick cotton-padded jacket for your child, but why is your child still shivering from the cold? In fact, keeping out the cold can’t just rely on wearing more clothes. Here is a trick for you.

There are many reasons for poor tolerance to cold, and the lack of the following two trace elements is also one of them.

Iodine Iodine is an important raw material for the synthesis of thyroxine. Thyroxine can promote the conversion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the body into energy, thereby generating body heat and resisting cold. If the body is deficient in iodine for a long time, the raw materials for synthesizing thyroxine are insufficient, and the body's ability to resist cold will also be reduced. Iodine is mainly supplied by iodized salt and food.

So, if you want to enhance your child's ability to resist cold, in addition to ensuring that his food has sufficient calories, he should also eat more iodine-rich foods, such as kelp, jellyfish, dried shrimps and marine fish. .

Iron Iron is an important raw material involved in hematopoiesis. Red blood cells in the blood are responsible for the transport and metabolism of oxygen in the body. To turn proteins, carbohydrates and fats into calories, sufficient oxygen is needed to "burn" them. If there is a lack of iron in the child's food, he or she will easily suffer from iron deficiency anemia; and if there is a lack of "tools" for transporting oxygen, the end result will be insufficient heat production and the child will easily feel cold.

Therefore, letting children eat more iron-rich foods in winter, such as animal liver, beef, fish, eggs, black fungus, jujubes, dairy, soy products, etc., can improve children's tolerance to cold. resistance.

Anti-freezing water heaters in winter

Experts from the Shandong Academy of Sciences talk to you about anti-freezing:

Solar water heaters are known for their safety, energy saving, large water volume, wide range of uses, and ease of use. The advantages are increasingly favored by consumers. However, during use, because it is set up outdoors, under the influence of low temperature weather in winter, special attention needs to be paid to the anti-freeze problem of the pipeline. Here are some commonly used antifreeze methods.

Drip and freeze protection: When the temperature drops below -7°C, loosen the hot water valve a little at night and let it drip slowly to maintain the flow of water in the pipe.

Drain and prevent freezing: After using the water, do not fill it that night and keep the hot water valve open.

Knowledge about antifreeze in winter

1. The most common areas of frostbite: mostly occur on fingers, toes, back of hands, heels, auricles, tip of nose, cheeks, etc. These parts are at the ends or surfaces of the body, where blood flow is slow, and they are often exposed to the outside. The local temperature is low and they are extremely vulnerable to cold injuries.

2. The time when frostbite is most likely to occur:

The temperature at night in winter is very low, often below -8°C. Frostbite is also likely to occur if you walk at night.

3. Determine the degree of frostbite:

1. First-degree frostbite: The skin is pale and numb, followed by skin congestion, edema, itching and pain.

2. Second-degree frostbite. In addition to redness and swelling of the skin, blisters of varying sizes appear. After the blisters burst, yellow water flows out. The skin feels hot and the pain is severe.

3? Third degree frostbite: local skin or limbs are necrotic, bloody blisters appear, the skin turns purple-brown, and local sensation disappears.

4. Field rescue measures for frostbite:

Principle: Get out of the low-temperature environment as soon as possible and keep warm.

(1) For first-degree frostbite, you can actively move around and massage the frozen area to promote blood circulation. You can soak it in hot water (not too hot) and then apply chilblain ointment.

(2) For second and third degree frostbite, you should leave the low-temperature environment as soon as possible, keep warm, and promote rewarming of the limbs. Do not use snow, fire or warm water immersion, otherwise frostbite will be aggravated.

(3) Second-degree frostbite blisters can be pierced after disinfection, allowing the yellow water to drain out, and then bandaged. If the wound has ruptured, treat it as an infected wound.

(4) Drink more hot drinks (ginger syrup, cold granules). If you have pain, you can take 2 painkillers.

(5) Remove wet clothes and put into a down sleeping bag to keep warm.

(6) Gently clean the injured area with warm water. Be careful as the thawed area will be very painful and the skin and muscles may lose feeling.

(7) Make sure the injured area is completely dry (including between the toes). If there are wounds, use sterilized cotton; if there are no wounds, wrap them with clean, soft cotton pads to protect the wounds and keep them warm.

5. Frostbite first aid precautions

During frostbite first aid, if warm water is not available at the moment, the frostbitten area or the frostbitten child can be placed in the arms or armpits of the rescuer for recovery. temperature. Note that after frostbite, do not bake directly with fire, nor heat soaked hot water. All frostbitten areas should be warmed as slowly as possible to return to normal body temperature. Do not directly massage the affected area with a snowball or use a towel to massage vigorously, otherwise the wound will become eroded and the affected area will not heal easily. The affected area that has been rewarmed cannot be soaked in warm water, otherwise it will aggravate tissue damage and necrosis.

6. Commonly used drugs:

External use: chilblain ointment (1 tube), sterilized cotton pad (1 pack), gauze (1 bag), bandage (1 piece).

Oral administration: cold granules, ginger syrup, painkillers, and diazepam

Cold protection and warmth retention of the human body in winter

In winter, the north wind blows and the cold is approaching. How do we protect our bodies from cold and heat?

1. Wear warm and cold-proof clothes of appropriate thickness. How to scientifically measure the thermal insulation ability of clothes? A clothing index is scientifically designed called CLO. 1 CLO means that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of clothing is 0.18°C and 1 kilocalorie of heat passes through per square meter of area in 1 hour. This level of insulation is equivalent to the thickness of clothing required by a person sitting quietly when the indoor temperature is 2°C, the wind speed is below 3 meters/second, and the relative humidity is 50%. If one crotch requires wearing clothes of a certain fabric with a thickness of 0.64 cm, based on the different climate characteristics of various regions in my country, the thickness of winter cold-proof clothing in South China can be less than 1.9 cm, from the Yangtze River to Nanling, it is 2.3 cm, and to the north of the Yangtze River, it is 2.9 cm. , the southern and central parts of Northeast China are 3.5 and 4.2 centimeters respectively, and the thickness of winter clothes in Heilongjiang and Humeng, Inner Mongolia needs to exceed 4.5 centimeters. When the thickness is certain, the density of the thermal insulation layer should be paid attention to. Tests have shown that the best air thickness between each layer of clothing is 0.5-1.5 cm. There are some differences for different textures of clothing.

2. Keep warm the parts of the human body that are in direct contact with the air. According to research, when the temperature is 15°C, the heat dissipated through the head of a person who is keeping warm accounts for 34% of the body's total body heat in a stationary state; when the temperature is 4°C, it accounts for 50%; when the temperature drops to -15°C , then accounts for 75%. It is not difficult to see from this that wearing a hat in winter can reduce the heat dissipation of the head and also achieve the purpose of keeping the whole body warm. In more severe cold weather, masks and gloves should also be worn. As the saying goes: "The cold starts from the feet." In the severe winter, people must also wear cotton shoes and pay attention to keeping their feet warm.

3. It is advisable to wear dark clothes in winter. Research shows that black clothes absorb 88% of solar radiation, army green 57%, and white 20%. Therefore, dark clothes can help the human body gain more heat and have the function of keeping warm.

4. Dry the bedding frequently. As we all know, air is a poor conductor of heat, with a heat dissipation coefficient of only 0.027. Therefore, increasing the amount of air inside the bedding is equivalent to increasing the warmth retention capacity. The bedding becomes fluffy after being exposed to the sun, which not only increases the amount of air, but also increases the thickness. Therefore, I always feel warm when covered with a sun-dried quilt.

5. Maintain appropriate temperature and humidity in living and working environments. For example, lighting a stove and setting up heating or air-conditioning equipment indoors should keep the indoor temperature at 18°C ??to 20°C and the relative humidity to be 50 to 60%. People should not stay in an environment below 10℃ for a long time. In addition, carrying out sports activities such as long-distance running in winter can not only enhance physical fitness, but also improve the body's tolerance to cold.