Stay indoors in summer.

There is a folk saying that "the sun sets in the west and there is nowhere to hide." Although it has been rainy for several days, it is already a summer solar term, and the heat in summer is still rising and the heat wave is rolling. The head of the sun spits poisonous gas like a snake letter, and it sweeps across the face, making the skin red and hot. At this time, the air conditioner on the wall and the fan on the floor run day and night. "I don't go out in summer and have no guests." In the era when there were no fans and air conditioners, ancient people squatting at home to enjoy the cool air were also very interesting.

The Book of Songs says: "On the second day of the second day, the ice rushed, and on the third day, it was collected in Lingyin." As early as more than 3,000 years ago, in Shang Dynasty, people stored outdoor ice cubes in the cold winter for the next summer to refrigerate food. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were institutions and officials in the royal family who specially managed the storage and supply of ice. In the state of Chu at that time, not only did the royal family have to store a lot of natural ice, but it was also in the homes of some dignitaries.

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a "cool room" in the palace, which used natural water cooling to cool down. The temple is built by water, and mechanical transmission equipment similar to a waterwheel is installed in the temple. Using the method of cold water circulation, the running water drives the fan wheel to rotate, and the fan wheel shakes to generate wind power, which transports cold air to the temple, forming the effect of "water-excited fan car, wind hunting skirt". At the same time, water pipes were installed on the four eaves of the palace to guide the water to the roof, and then the water was allowed to flow down along the eaves to form a water curtain, which circulated and stirred up chills. "Tang Yulin Bold" records: Liangtang "lingers and thinks, but there is no sunlight, and the water flies into a curtain and the seat is frozen." Folk dignitaries imitate its principles and build their own "water pavilion", which is also a symbol of identity.

In the Song Dynasty, not only the wind wheel was used to send cold water, but people also decorated all kinds of flowers on the reservoir and around the hall, and the fragrance came to my face. Ordinary people have no money to dig a cool house, so they can only go to the market to buy it. Therefore, selling ice in the street has become a profession to make a living, and even some businessmen use the hot weather to drive up prices. The whimsy of Tang Yan tells the story of an ice merchant who was greedy enough to swallow an elephant: "In the past, Kuai sold ice to the market to do business, and those who were bitter and hot would buy it. When I was about to earn money, I wanted to invite customers several times; The guest then left angrily, and suddenly his ice was scattered. " In the past, merchants in Luoyang, Henan Province sold ice in the street, and the price was several times higher than the original price. The customer stopped buying in a rage, and soon the ice melted. The businessman regretted his greed. If he can cross it, he will definitely want to sing Andy Lau's song "Cold ice rain hits his face, warm tears are mixed with cold rain".

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the royal palace began to have manual mobile cooling equipment, that is, ice cubes were placed in hollowed-out metal. After the ice was covered, cold air would be emitted from the hollowed-out place to reduce the indoor temperature. Wait, these are all material aspects, but they are also interesting in spirit and habits.

In order to cool off the heat, the ancients created many artifacts, such as shaking fans to cool off the heat, porcelain pillows to cool off the heat, summer mats to drive away the heat, ice guides to keep out the cold and so on. These small objects have wonderful functions in the hands of the ancients, which can cool off the heat. "Elements are natural colors, and circles are tailor-made for work. The beauty of a white feather fan is thus presented in Bai Juyi's poems. Fans, nicknamed "shaking the wind" in ancient times, are also called "cool friends", which may be the most important and common way to escape the heat in ancient times. In addition, porcelain pillows became popular in the Song Dynasty, which is a kind of bedding for heatstroke prevention. " It is difficult to have a long dusk in summer, and the screen window is at noon. Forgetting the machine is like sleeping during the day, and the pillow is the most hidden and suitable. "Porcelain pillows are aura, winning with mountains. Sleeping in the clouds will make you feel more secure. " These poems all show that porcelain pillows are excellent bedding for enjoying the cool in summer. When it comes to bedding, there is naturally a mat. It's too hot to sleep, and sleeping on a bamboo mat is the most pleasant, so it's called a "summer mat". In the Song Dynasty, Cai's poem "Boarding a Car to a Castle in the Summer" said: "Paper screen tiles pillow bamboo square beds, and tired hands throw books and dream for a long afternoon." Lying on the mat, you can get rid of the heat and be cool all over, so that in hot summer, you can throw your books aside and dream of a better life.

Scholars are very emotional in summer. Li Bai's summer heat is wild and unrestrained, "lazy to shake the white feather fan, naked in the green forest." Take off the towel and hang the stone wall, and sprinkle the breeze on the top. "If we put it in modern society, it will attract people's attention and be pointed out. Du Fu's method of cooling off summer heat is to eat cold drinks. There is a poem saying: "Zi is matched with ice water, while Jiaren Snow is matched with lotus root. "Bai Juyi has the realm of cooling off the heat. He wrote in the poem "Relieve the Summer Heat": "Why bother to sit in the hospital to relieve the summer heat? There is nothing in front of you but the breeze under the window. The heat dissipation changed from calm to calm, and the room was empty. At this time, it is difficult to spend more time with others. "The poet sits alone in a wide court, facing the window, Xu Feng, cultivate one's morality and raise one's character, is not disturbed by fame and fortune, is not fettered by material desires, and there will be a breeze blowing in his ears. It is much more difficult for people to "calm down" in the world of mortals than to resist the heat! Xu Mian, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, is more fashionable to cool off the heat. " Avoid high temperature at this time, and the clear bottle is not empty. "Yes, isn't it nice to enjoy a cool summer night without a few drinks? In this way, we are also very enthusiastic now, with several bottles of cold beer, several dishes of braised dishes and several dishes of cooking, and several people sitting together, sweating on their foreheads but shouting "refreshing". In the Yuan Dynasty, people chose to spend the summer in the mountains. Enjoy the cool and play with two birds with one stone, which is economical, environmentally friendly and low carbon. He wrote in "Mountain Scenery": "Deep in the mountains in June, the breeze blows cold on the clothes. In distant cities, sparks are everywhere. "The hot sun is high in the city center, but the mountains are cool and pleasant. This old gentleman is really cute. He just kept calm in the mountains and didn't forget to "gloat" the city people.

Modern people have various forms of summer vacation. There are tours to Ice City and holidays to Lushan Mountain. There are also rivers to play in and beaches to enjoy the cool. There are also sports on the court, sweating like rain. Some people stay at home, cook a pot of mung bean soup, soak a cup of sour plum juice, steam a few salted duck eggs and enjoy the taste in the tip of the tongue. There are high porch windows, shaking the cattail leaf fan (for fear of air conditioning disease), and closing your eyes for a nap. There are also games, or calligraphy, or watching plays and listening to music. There are also small gambling, playing mahjong and poker, and the life is sloppy and lazy. In short, this is not enough.

And I like to sit in the summer night, blowing a cool breeze, as if the flute came not far away. "I was leaning alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song. The voice is too light, and no one can hear it except my comrade-in-arms Mingyue. " The small fan shook it gently and watched fireflies fly around, leaving many thoughts. Clean up the dirt of the soul, repair the deformity of the soul and realize the true meaning of life. In the complex world, we are indifferent to gains and losses, and we are too lazy to be enthusiastic. In the hot season, the rice and grass in the field grow vigorously and are green, and the heat is blocked by green curtains. The lotus leaves in the pond are also green and attractive. Although the flowers have withered and the fruits are ripe, the leaves are still full of enthusiasm. Vegetables such as cucumber, cowpea and loofah are blossoming and bearing fruit. Sometimes they throw green vines into the sky and look at the sun carefully. Sometimes they hide the pregnant fruit under their skirts. The heat of summer especially likes these plants, which not only gives them plenty of sunshine, but also gives them plenty of rain. Under the protection of the great summer heat, fruits and vegetables grow tirelessly according to the seasons.

Cicada has been singing from early morning till late at night. Frogs jump from field to field. In the evening sky, the sunset falls on the water, and the red sun puts away its heat, shining with tenderness and smile. Children laugh and adults feel comfortable.

Summer solar terms, hot weather, the heart should be quiet. If you look at the noisy world, ignore the past, stick to the truth in your heart and believe in the truth of human nature, it should be that although it is still hot and cold, moisture is hard to invade.