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1. Multiple choice questions (this question has 20 questions , 4 points for each question, maximum 80 points. Please choose one correct option in each question that fits the meaning of the question. No points will be awarded for no choice, multiple choice, or wrong choice)

1. Based on the scientific knowledge you have learned, judge which of the following advertising terms is correct

A. This drink does not contain any chemicals

B. There is no life without water

C. The mass fraction of nitrogen in the ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) products produced by our factory is greater than 50%, with high nitrogen content and low price. It is a good helper for farmers to increase their income and become rich

D. "××" brand vegetables are naturally grown and do not contain any chemical elements. They are real green foods

2. There are many types of living things on the earth, and the basic units that constitute the structure of living things (except viruses) are all

A. Organization b. Organs c. cells d. System

3. As shown in the picture, there are three grapefruits A, B, and C of equal mass on the grapefruit tree. They are at different positions. Which grapefruit has the greatest gravitational potential energy

A ． A B. B

C. C D. Same size

4. Put the following four commonly used household condiments into water. The one that cannot form a solution is

A. Acetic acid b. Sucrose c. salt d. Sesame oil

5. The young protagonist in the movie "Daddy's Love" has leukemia. Before finding a matching bone marrow transplant, he can only rely on blood transfusions to maintain his life. If the protagonist's blood type is type A, the principle is which blood type should be transfused

A. Type A B. Type B C. Type O D. Type AB

6. The car was traveling on a level road at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour. When it braked in an emergency, two tire scratches were left on the road. Which of the following statements is correct

A. The longer the scratch marks, the smaller the inertia of the car

B. The longer the scratch marks, the lower the speed of the car

C. Scratches are caused by the increased friction between the wheel and the ground after braking

D. Mechanical energy is conserved during braking

7. Water resources are renewable resources. In the water cycle, they are constantly moving between the atmosphere and the earth's surface. The figure represents a part of the water cycle. The places marked X, Y and Z in the figure represent the three stages of the water cycle. Which of the following statements is correct

A. The X stage is evaporation, the Y stage is condensation, and the Z stage is precipitation

B. The X stage is transpiration, the Y stage is condensation, and the Z stage is precipitation

C. The X stage is condensation, the Y stage is evaporation, and the Z stage is solidification

D. The X stage is precipitation, the Y stage is transpiration, and the Z stage is condensation

8. The popsicle held in the mouth will gradually turn into water. This process is:

A. Liquefaction b. Vaporization c. Melt D. Solidification

9. Our country has promulgated the "Municipal Domestic Waste Classification Marks", some of which are shown in the figure. Existing waste fluorescent tubes and batteries should be put into the garbage collection box with which kind of logo

10. As the saying goes, "If you sow melons, you will reap melons; if you sow beans, you will reap beans." This is what it means when someone has eyes like his father and a nose like his mother.

Then the genetic material that controls biological traits is

A. Chromosome B. Gene c. DNA D. Protein

11. Casualty accidents often occur due to lack of scientific knowledge. Which of the following is correct?

A. For household appliances with metal casings, the ground wire of the casing can be connected to the neutral wire of the power supply

B. Do not come into contact with low-voltage charged objects and do not approach high-voltage charged objects

C. When diluting concentrated sulfuric acid, pour water directly into concentrated sulfuric acid

D. When electrical equipment catches fire, first extinguish the fire with water and then cut off the power supply

12. The reproductive methods of organisms are divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. The following individuals are produced through sexual reproduction.

A. Cloning sheep b. Tissue cultured wheat seedlings

C. Grafted citrus D. In vitro fertilization

13. There are many types of levers. The following are labor-saving levers

A. Bottle opener b. Fishing rod c. Human forearm D. Fixed pulley

14. There are many melon seeds in pumpkin because there are many seeds in one female flower of pumpkin

A. Pollen b. Ovule C. Ovary D. Pistil

15. Using sodium ferrite (Na2FeO4) to disinfect fresh water from rivers and lakes is a new technology for urban drinking water treatment. The valence of the oxygen element in Na2FeO4 is -2, and the valence of the sodium element is +1, so the valence of the iron element The chemical valence is

A. +2 B. +3 C. +5 D. +6

16. Among the following examples, the one that does not apply atmospheric pressure is

A. Sip drinks through a straw B. Use a water pump to pump water

C. Use a rubber-tipped dropper to absorb chemical reagents D. Inject the liquid in the syringe needle into the human body

17. There are many "equalities" in scientific knowledge. Please decide which of the following statements is incorrect

A. When 100 volumes of water and 100 volumes of alcohol are mixed, the volume of the resulting mixed solution is equal to 200 volumes

B. The magnitude of the current in a series circuit is equal everywhere

C. After mixing dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, the mass of the resulting solution is equal to the total mass of the solution before the reaction

D. In a chemical reaction, the types and total number of atoms in the reactants are equal to the types and total number of atoms in the products

18. The human body has a constant body temperature, which is mainly the result of the body's heat production and heat dissipation maintaining a dynamic balance. Below is the heat production statistics chart of two students A and B under a certain situation. Use the chart to determine their situation

A. A is in a quiet state and B is in a moving state B. A and B are both in a quiet state

C. A is in a moving state and B is in a quiet state D. A and B are both in motion

19. The earth is a member of the solar system. Solar activity affects the climate, hydrology, geology, and even human life on the earth to varying degrees. The following can be used as indicators of the strength of solar activity:

A. Corona B. Sunspots C prominences D. Solar wind

20. Generally, lighting and ventilation fans must be installed in the bathrooms of households. When used, sometimes they need to work independently, sometimes they need to work at the same time. Evaluate the circuit shown in the picture below. Which one do you think meets the above requirements?

2. Short answer questions (this question has 10 questions, 20 spaces, 3 points for each space, ***60 points)

21． The human digestive system consists of the digestive tract and digestive glands. Seven types of nutrients in food must be digested and absorbed by the digestive system before they can enter the blood. The nutrients are transported to various tissues throughout the body through blood circulation.

(1) The main place for food digestion and absorption is ▲.

(2) Blood flows through the heart twice during a complete blood circulation, which can be divided into systemic circulation and ▲.

22. People often use models to represent molecules as composed of atoms. If "●" is used to represent oxygen atoms and "○" is used to represent hydrogen atoms, then " " represents ▲ molecules.

23． The sun and the moon are the earth's most important neighbors in the universe. The moon moves around the earth, causing the relative positions of the sun, the earth, and the moon to change regularly throughout the month, resulting in changes in the moon phases.

(1)The moon phase of the Mid-Autumn Festival is ▲.

A. New moon b. Full moon c. First quarter moon D. Last Quarter Moon

(2) The moon is the first stop for human exploration of the universe, and our country is also developing moon landing technology. Scientists discovered that there is no air, water, or life on the moon. Its surface is covered with large and small ▲.

24. As shown in the picture, a jar is filled with an appropriate amount of clarified lime water, a green plant is placed inside, and the bottle is tightly corked. After being placed in the dark for a long time, it is found that the clarified lime water becomes turbid. This is because the ▲ gas in the bottle reacts with Ca(OH)2, and this gas is mainly released by the ▲ action of plants.

25. The picture below shows several small experiments done by students in a certain study group during exploratory learning. Please answer:

(1) In the experiment of measuring resistance by voltammetry, the current expression is as shown in Figure A, then the current Size is ▲A.

(2) As shown in Figure B, fix a thin metal tube with a closed bottom on the table, put some ether inside, and plug it tightly with a stopper. Wrap a string around the outside of the tube and quickly pull the string back and forth and we'll see the rubber stopper jump up. When the rubber stopper jumps up, ▲ energy is converted into mechanical energy.

(3) As shown in Figure C, hold one end of the two slips of paper with both hands and let them hang on your chest. When you blow air downward along the middle of the two pieces of paper, you will see that the two strips of paper are moving toward the middle. The reasonable explanation for this phenomenon is: ▲ (Please fill in “A” or “B”).

A. The greater the gas flow rate, the greater the air pressure B. The air pressure between the two strips of paper is less than the air pressure outside the paper

26. Quzhou Daily reported: On March 10, 2006, Zhejiang Juhua Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Juhua Co., Ltd.") welcomed the JMD multinational company to help Juhua Co., Ltd. carry out environmental protection technology transformation free of charge and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Buy all the rights. The project is the world's largest carbon dioxide emissions rights transaction to date. In order to protect the earth on which humans live, in accordance with the relevant requirements of the "Kyoto Protocol", various measures and new technologies have been adopted around the world to limit CO2 emissions to control the increasingly serious greenhouse effect. Please answer the following questions:

(1) Scientists use "component conversion" technology to use industrially discharged carbon dioxide gas, mix CO2 and H2 in a certain ratio, and react under certain conditions to generate an important The chemical formula of the reaction between chemical raw materials and water is 2CO2+6H2→X+4H2O. Please write the chemical formula of X ▲.

(2) In order to slow down the increase of CO2 content in the atmosphere, among the following suggestions, the currently feasible ones are ▲ (fill in the serial number).

①Plant a large number of trees and prohibit deforestation

②Promote the use of compressed natural gas [the main component is methane (CH4)] as fuel on buses. Using natural gas as fuel can Fundamentally avoid the occurrence of the greenhouse effect

③Make more use of nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc.

④Prohibit the use of coal, oil and other mineral energy

27. As shown in the figure, it is an experimental circuit diagram for studying "the strength of the magnetic field around the energized solenoid".

(1) To change the current in the energized solenoid coil, you can use ▲;

(2) To judge the strength of the magnetic field around the energized solenoid, you can Determine by observing ▲.

28． The development of ecological agriculture is one of the important contents of the construction of new socialist countryside. With the help of a cadre stationed in the village, a young farmer established a small agricultural ecosystem in his own vegetable garden: mushrooms were grown on the ground, earthworms were raised in aerial boxes, grapes were grown on top of a rack, and chickens were raised with earthworms and pigs were fed with chicken manure. The pig manure is collected in the biogas tank, the biogas is used as fuel, and the biogas residue is used as fertilizer, maximizing material resource utilization.

(1) In this ecosystem, mushrooms and earthworms belong to ▲ (fill in “producer”, “decomposer” or “consumer”)

(2) In the ecosystem In the process of energy flow, the fixation of solar energy in the biological community is completed through the ▲ effect.

29. A classmate helped the laboratory teacher with hygiene. When cleaning two balls A and B of equal volume, he found that they were in the state shown in the figure after being stationary in the water. At this time, the buoyant force on ball A ▲ The buoyant force on ball B ( Fill in "greater than", "equal to" or "less than").

30. Use scientific principles to perform some fun little magic tricks.

(1) White flowers turn into red flowers. On the white paper flowers, first spray the colorless A solution, and then spray the colorless B solution. The white flowers immediately turn into red flowers. If solution A is colorless phenolphthalein, then B is ▲ (fill in the serial number: ① dilute hydrochloric acid ② sodium hydroxide solution ③ salt water).

(2) "Clear water" becomes "milk". In the colorless liquid C, pour the five-color liquid B and immediately produce a white precipitate like "milk". If C is dilute sulfuric acid, then B is ▲ (fill in the serial number: ① sodium hydroxide solution ② barium chloride solution ③ sodium chloride solution), where the basic type of chemical reaction is ▲.

3. Experimental inquiry questions (this question has 3 questions, question 31 is 9 points, question 32 is 9 points, question 33 is 10 points, ***28 points)

31． In the construction of a modern agricultural demonstration zone, a certain county has realized factory-based seedling breeding. The key to improving the germination rate of factory-based seedlings is to determine the most suitable conditions for seedling raising. In order to find out the most suitable temperature for the germination of a certain excellent rice variety, a group learned about the highest temperature (40°C) and the lowest temperature (10°C) for general seed germination, and then selected 7 temperature points between them. For the experiment, take 7 identical experimental devices (as shown in Figure A) and place them in corresponding temperature environments (other conditions are the same). After growing at different temperatures for 7 days, the germination rates of seeds are as follows:

< p>Temperature (℃) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Germination rate 10% 20% 60% 85% 80% 45% 30%

(1) According to experimental data The optimal temperature for producing this rice seed is around ▲.

(2) In addition to temperature affecting the germination rate of seeds, please write another external factor that affects seed germination based on the knowledge you have learned▲

(3) What do you think The nutrients required during the germination process of rice seeds are provided by ▲ (fill in "endosperm" or "cotyledon").

32. In the experiment of observing the conversion of kinetic energy and potential energy when the ball swings (as shown in the picture), Xiaoke found that the time for each round of the ball's swing seemed to be equal. So Xiaoke thought of this question: What factors are related to the time it takes for the ball to swing back and forth (called the period T)?

Conjecture ①: It may be related to the amplitude of the swing of the ball;

Conjecture ②: It may be related to the mass of the ball;

Conjecture ③: It may be related to the length of the rope.

To verify his conjecture, Xiaoke used a stopwatch to measure the time it took for the ball to swing back and forth multiple times under different conditions, and calculated the average time it took for one swing. Please answer:

(1) Xiaoke uses the method of measuring the time it takes for the ball to swing back and forth multiple times to take the average, instead of measuring the time it takes for the ball to swing back and forth once to determine the period T. The purpose is to ▲.

(2) In order to verify whether the conjecture ② is correct, Xiaoke has prepared: stopwatch, scale, but also lacks a measuring instrument commonly used in laboratories, its name is ▲.

(3) A large number of experiments have shown that the time T for the ball to swing once at the same location is only related to the length of the rope, and the longer the rope, the greater the period T. The pendulum clock is made based on this principle. One time, Xiaoke discovered that the pendulum clock at home was slowing down. To adjust it correctly, Xiaoke should lengthen the pendulum clock ▲ (optional "lengthen" or "shorten").

33． A school science interest group studied the relationship between the re-ignition of wooden sticks with Mars and the oxygen volume fraction, and adopted the following experimental steps:

① Take 5 250mL gas collecting bottles, and Fill the gas collecting bottles with 25mL, 50mL, 75mL, 100mL, and 125mL of water respectively, and cover them with frosted glass pieces, numbering them 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in sequence;

②Use decomposed peroxide Prepare oxygen using the hydrogen (H2O2) method, and use the prepared oxygen to drain the water in the above bottles 1 to 5 through the drainage method;

③ Insert the wooden strips with sparks into 1 to 5 in sequence In the bottle, fill in the observed phenomena and calculated data in the table below.

Gas collecting bottle number 1 2 3 4 5

The volume fraction of oxygen in the gas collecting bottle is 28.9% 36.8% 44.7% 52.6% 60.5 %

The condition of wooden strips with sparks is slightly bright, bright, very bright, re-ignited, re-ignited

Try to answer the following questions:

(1) Decomposition is used in the laboratory Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used to produce oxygen. The chemical equation of the reaction is ▲.

(2) Based on the above experimental facts, the correct one of the following statements is ▲ (fill in the corresponding letter).

A. Only in pure oxygen can wood sticks with sparks re-ignite

B. When the volume fraction of oxygen in the gas cylinder is ≥52.6%, the wood strips with sparks can re-ignite

C. As long as oxygen is present, sparks can be rekindled.

(3) The above experiments show that the degree of material combustion is related to the concentration of oxygen. The greater the oxygen concentration, the more violent the combustion. Please give another example and fill in the experimental content and experimental phenomena in the table below:

Experimental content Experimental phenomenon Experimental conclusion

▲ ▲ The greater the oxygen concentration, the more violent the combustion

4. Analysis and calculation questions (this question has 5 questions, question 34 is worth 3 points, question 35 is 7 points, question 36 is 8 points, question 37 is 8 points, question 38 is worth 6 points , ***32 points)

34. On May 15, 2006, the State Food and Drug Administration notified the authorities of the injection of "Leontoxin A Injection" produced by Qiqihar Second Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. "The main reason for the serious consequences of the death of many patients was that the raw material inspection process was out of control and "diethylene glycol" was used instead of "propylene glycol" for production. The chemical formula of diethylene glycol is C4H10O3, which is highly toxic. It can be oxidized into oxalic acid in the human body and cause kidney damage. "Propylene glycol" can be used as a medicinal solvent and can also be used in the synthesis of a variety of drugs and new antioxidants. . The chemical formula of "propylene glycol" is C3H8O2. Please answer the following questions based on the above information:

(1) There are ▲ elements that make up "propylene glycol" and "diethylene glycol".

(2) What is the mass ratio of carbon and oxygen in "propylene glycol"?

35. After learning about measurement, speed, work, pressure and other knowledge, Xiao Ming measured his own mass of 50 kilograms, the contact area of ??one shoe with the ground 0.02 m2, and also measured the relative height of the hill near the school of 50 meters, and the foot of the mountain. The distance to the top of the mountain is 100 meters, and it takes Xiao Ming 200 seconds to climb from the foot of the mountain to the top. Answer the following questions based on the above data: (g is 10 N/kg)

(1) When Xiao Ming changes from standing on two feet to standing on one foot, the pressure on the horizontal ground ▲ (optional "reduce" , "unchanged" or "increasing")

(2) What is Xiao Ming's average speed during climbing?

(3) What does Xiao Ming do to overcome his own gravity when climbing from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain? How much work is done?

36. After learning the chemical properties of metals, Xiao Wang wanted to roughly measure the mass fractions of zinc and copper contained in the zinc and copper alloys in the school laboratory. Under the guidance of the science teacher, the experimental device as shown in the picture was designed, and three reagents were selected: A. Distilled water b. Zinc, copper alloy C． Dilute sulfuric acid. Xiao Wang's basic idea for designing the experiment is: use the gas generated by the reaction between the alloy and the acid, discharge the water into the measuring cylinder through the above experimental device, and read the volume of water in the measuring cylinder (regardless of the influence of other factors, the volume of gas generated by the reaction is is the volume of water in the graduated cylinder), the mass fractions of zinc and copper in zinc and copper alloys can be calculated.

Try to answer the following questions:

(1) According to the experimental design idea, a certain amount of distilled water should be added to the wide-mouth bottle during the experiment, and ▲ should be added to the test tube with a small hole at the bottom. (Fill in the corresponding letter number of the reagent).

(2) During the experiment, Xiao Wang selected 3g of zinc, copper alloy and a sufficient amount of dilute sulfuric acid. After the reaction was complete, the volume of liquid received in the graduated cylinder was 0.1L. Find the zinc, copper, and What is the mass fraction of zinc in copper alloy? (The density of hydrogen is 0.089g/L)

(3) If you want to measure the mass fraction of zinc in zinc particles that are partially oxidized to zinc oxide, Can you use the above experimental method▲ (fill in "can" or "can't"), please explain the reason▲.

37. Xiaogang has an electric dryer at home. The working principle is shown in the picture. The nameplate has become unclear, only the rated voltage is 220V. In order to know the rated power of the electric dryer, Xiaogang turned off other electrical appliances and only allowed the electric dryer to work at the rated voltage (drying objects). Picture A is the display of the electric energy meter before the electric dryer is working, and Picture B is the display of the electric energy meter after the electric dryer has been working for 6 hours (when the electric dryer is working, all electrical energy is converted into internal energy). Find:

(1) The electric energy consumed by the electric dryer when working for 6 hours is ▲ kilowatt hours.

(2) What is the rated electric power of the electric dryer?

(3) What is the resistance of the heating element of the electric dryer?

38. Material 1: China-Singapore Zhejiang Net, May 8: On the morning of May 6, 2006, Cai, a Sichuan migrant worker, died in the infectious disease area of ??Quzhou People's Hospital and was clinically diagnosed as rabies. Cai worked odd jobs at a construction site in Huilong Village, Baiyun Street, Kecheng District, Quzhou, and was bitten by a dog more than a month ago. In response to the incidence of rabies, the Quzhou Municipal People's Government Office issued an emergency notice on the rapid implementation of rabies prevention and control work: a city-wide dog census will be carried out, a thorough investigation of existing dogs and cats will be carried out, and mandatory dog ??immunization will be implemented. Dogs that have not been vaccinated or have suspicious symptoms will be forced to be culled and treated harmlessly.

Material 2: Rabies is an acute infectious disease caused by the rabies virus, affecting humans and animals. It is more common in dogs, wolves, cats and other animals. The methods to prevent rabies are: first , treat the wound promptly, the correct way is to rinse the wound with 20% soapy water. If there is no soapy water, wash the wound with clean water on the spot. You must not squeeze or suck the wound, nor use soil compresses, ginger rubs and other crude methods. Secondly, get vaccinated as early as possible and inject rabies vaccine and anti-rabies serum. The sooner you get vaccinated, the safer your life will be. .

Read the above materials and analyze and answer the questions:

(1) Rabies is a surface infectious disease, and the pathogen causing rabies is ▲.

(2) Carry out a city-wide dog census. From an ecological point of view, the dogs in the city are ▲.

A. community b. Population C. ecosystem d. Ecological group

(3) The methods of injecting rabies vaccine and injecting anti-rabies serum to make people immune are both specific immunity, but they are different. Please explain briefly. ▲