The history of Dalian

Dalian, founded in 1899, was colonized by Russia (Soviet Union) and Japan in the Republic of China. Once a municipality directly under the central government from 1945 to 1954, 1955 returned to the embrace of the motherland. It is located on the east coast of Eurasia, at the southernmost tip of Liaodong Peninsula in northeast China, and near Bohai Sea in northwest. It is a sub-provincial city in China, a city under separate state planning, and one of the national 14 coastal open cities. It is an important coastal port city in Liaoning Province, China, the second largest city in the province and the main gateway to the northeast of China. It is also an important international shipping center, international logistics center and regional financial center in Northeast Asia.

The main genus of the Yuan Dynasty in Dalian is Wanfu House of Jinfu House, and the minor genus is Xiuyan County of Liaoyang Road (130 1 changed to Gaizhou Road). 137 1 year (lunar calendar) In July, Liao established its capital in Jinzhou, and in 1372, it established the three kingdoms of Jin, Fu and Gai, which were placed under the jurisdiction of Shandong Ministry of Civil Affairs and Finance. 1395, the four states of Fujin, Shanghai and Gai set up health systems, and the health centers were in charge of military and political affairs.

During the Ming Dynasty, the population of Dalian increased from 654.38+million in the early Ming Dynasty to more than 300,000. Jinhe owns more than 770,000 mu of cultivated land, accounting for 22% of cultivated land in Liaodong.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the Nuzhen Department in Jianzhou (now Xinbin County, Liaoning Province), which rose to the west of Changbai Mountain, grew stronger and stronger under the leadership of its leader Nurhachi. 1622, Jinhe was captured, and only Lushunkou was still in the hands of the Ming army. Later, during the period of 13, the latter Jin army fought with the Ming army many times and captured Lushunkou in July of 1633 (lunar calendar). In March (1633), the company commander Huanglong led the soldiers and civilians to fight until the gunpowder ran out and died heroically. In order to commemorate this general, Huanglong Tomb and Zhong Xian Temple were built at the foot of Jinshan Mountain in Lushun.

During the Kangxi period, in order to consolidate its rule in Liaodong, the Qing court also allocated funds to rebuild Jinzhou City, Fuzhou City and Lushun North City to reward immigrants for reclamation, and Liaodong Peninsula began to recover. The modern history of China, which began with the Opium War of 1840, is a heroic struggle history of China people against imperialism and feudalism. Dalian has always been a strategic place for imperialist aggression. As the main battlefield of the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, it experienced two major wars and was ruled by Russia and Japan for half a century. The cruel oppression of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, the brutal trampling of the Russian iron hoof, and the bloody slaughter and slavery of Japanese imperialism made the people of Dalian in dire straits. However, the people of Dalian fought bravely for a long time against aggression, oppression and slavery with their own blood and lives. As early as the 1840 Opium War, British warships invaded the coastal areas of Dalian many times.

1860 In June, the British naval fleet consisting of 184 ships, carrying more than 10,000 troops, broke into Dalian Bay. Then, British ships also occupied the port from Lushunkou and Yangtouwa in the west to Luoma Mountain in the east. British troops landed in Dagushan, Shang He Island, Qingniwa and other places to carry out intrusion activities.

1843 After the Opium War, the Qing government moved the deputy governor of Xiong Yue to the deputy governor of Jinzhou to strengthen the defense of Lvda. In July of the same year, Ninghai County was promoted to Jinzhou Hall, and a member of Haiphong Tongzhi was added. After the rebellion in Xinjiang was put down, the Qing government began to attach importance to the "gateway to Beijing and Tianjin"-traveling to the sea to defend itself because of the heavy pressure from Russia. From 1880 to 1894 when the Sino-Japanese War broke out, * * * took fourteen years and spent tens of millions of dollars. These projects include: dredging Lushun Port, building Lushunkou Wharf for berthing and repairing Beiyang Navy ships, and then adding the Navy Department, which, together with Liu Gongdao Navy Department Ahava, is called the two bases of Beiyang Navy; Lushunkou Wharf was started in 1883 and completed in autumn of 1890. At that time, it was not only in China, but also a large-scale modern wharf in the East.

After the signing of the Sino-Japanese treaty of shimonoseki, Russia invaded Lushunkou in February 1897 under the guise of protecting China. 1On March 27th, 898, the Qing government was forced to sign the Sino-Russian Land Lease Treaty. The fundamental purpose of Russian troops occupying Lvda is to expand on this basis, annex the northeast of China to the whole north, and thus dominate the Far East. During the seven years of Russia's occupation of Luda, people's anti-Russian anger burned all over urban and rural areas. From the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in February 1904 to the end of June 1905, it lasted for 329 days in Dalian and finally ended in the defeat of the Russian army.

1905 In September, with the support of the United States, Britain and other countries, representatives of Japan and Russia signed the Portsmouth Peace Treaty in the United States. According to this treaty, Russia transferred the lease right of Lvda to Japan, and Dalian became a Japanese colony from then on. After 193 1' September 18th Incident', especially after 1937' July 7th Incident', Dalian's industry turned to the track of military industry. During the period of 1943, the number of factories in Dalian has grown to 1825, and the output has reached 6130,000 won, which is the highest level in history.

The forty years of Dalian's brutal rule by Japanese colonialists are also the forty years of Dalian people's anti-Japanese struggle.

1On July 26th, 906, Ma Fulian, the leader of Southern Liaoning Rebel Army, led his troops to attack the Japanese village of Zhang Suo, which shocked the enemy. 100 More than nominal army soldiers attacked Ziziwo in three ways, killing eight Japanese and puppet policemen and seriously injuring many others, resulting in property losses of 654.38+10,000 yuan. Five days later, anti-Japanese armed forces Lv Yongfa sent more than 20 people to attack the Hushan police station in Jinzhou, killing Japanese soldiers 1 policeman, seriously injuring two fake policemen, and the rest of the policemen fled. During the two years from 1922 to 1923, the Japanese army was attacked by 17 times in Ziziwo, resulting in property losses of more than 75,000 yuan. Zhuanghe Changlingzi anti-Japanese farmers organized a broadsword club, with a maximum of three or four thousand members, which controlled the 458 district of Zhuanghe at that time.

1932 16 February 16, Japanese Major General Mori Hideki led 2,000 Jing 'an guerrillas to invade Zhuanghe in three ways. In Tuchengzi, a fierce battle was fought with the broadsword club, killing Japanese Major General Mori Hideki and 30 or 40 officers and men, which greatly destroyed the prestige of the Japanese army.

192365438+In February, under the influence of the first climax of the national workers' movement, a group of patriotic workers were established in Shahekou Factory of Nanman Railway, which quickly developed into a workers' organization in the whole city. The following year, 65438+February, it was renamed' Dalian Chinese Trade Union'. This is the first and largest workers' trade union organization in northeast China. 1926 65438+ 10, Dalian branch of China Dalian underground organization was established. Since then, the Dalian people's anti-Japanese struggle and the Dalian workers' movement have had the core of leadership, and the workers' movement centered on opposing Japanese colonial rule has flourished. 1926 Spring, on April 27th, the workers of Fufang (now Dalian Textile Factory) went on strike, which lasted for10/day and won, which wrote a glorious page in the history of Dalian's labor movement.

1July, 927, the underground party organization in Dalian was destroyed for the first time. In August, Dalian Chinese Trade Union was closed down. Since then, the underground party organization in Dalian has been destroyed three times in a row. After the July 7th Incident, members of international anti-imperialist organizations set fire to Japanese factories, warehouses and military supplies for more than 50 times, which dealt a heavy blow to Japanese colonists. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, underground organizations such as the Dalian Branch led by the Party Committee of Jiaodong District and the Dalian Branch of the Jiaodong Anti-Union Association went deep into the workers and peasants, worked hard, developed their organizations and expanded their ranks, and made contributions to the liberation of Dalian.

1945 14 In August, Japan announced its unconditional surrender in World War II; On August 22, the troops of the Baikal Army of the Soviet Union parachuted into Lushun Tuchengzi Airport and Dalian Zhoushuizi Airport; On August 24th, the tanks of the Sixth Army of the Soviet Guards entered Lushun and Dalian to disarm the Japanese army, and Dalian returned to the embrace of the motherland. According to the Yalta Agreement of1February 9451and the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and its annexes of1August 4 1945, the Sino-Soviet Agreement on Dalian and the Sino-Soviet Agreement on Lushunkou

1950 February 14 According to the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance and the China-Changchun Railway, Lushunkou and Dalian Agreement, the brigade was changed from Soviet control to Soviet garrison. 1954101month 12, the Chinese and Soviet governments signed the Sino-Soviet Joint Communiqué on the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the China people's common naval base in Lushunkou, China.

1955 65438+ 10, the 3rd Chinese people's Volunteer Army Corps, which was ordered to retreat from the east coast of North Korea, was stationed in Luda, where it was defended by the Soviet Union together with the navy, air force and public security forces sent by the Central Military Commission, and independently undertook the task of defending Luda from 0: 00 on April 16 of that year. By the end of May, about 300,000 Soviet troops had all retreated from the brigade area to China.

1981February 9, the State Council officially approved the change of' Lvda City' to' Dalian City'. Later, Fuxian County was renamed as wafangdian city (county level) on 1985 1, Jinxian County was renamed as Jinzhou District on1987 April 2 1, and Xinjin County was renamed as1991+0/kloc.

1982 10 The 21st meeting of the Standing Committee of Dalian Municipal People's Congress deliberated and adopted the Master Plan of Dalian City, and submitted it to the State Council for approval and implementation. Dalian is positioned as a port, industrial and tourist city in the plan.

1984 10, Dalian established an economic and technological development zone and a development zone management committee in Maqiaozi Village, Dagushan Township, Jinxian County. Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone was established with the approval of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Council on September 25th, 1984, and the construction started on October 5th, 1984. It is an economic region that enjoys the preferential policies of coastal economic and technological development zones and implements a new management system that is in line with international practices. Dalian Municipal People's Government shall set up a management committee in the Development Zone to exercise unified leadership and management over the work of the Development Zone on behalf of the Municipal People's Government.

1984 In April, the State Planning Commission approved Dalian to implement separate planning from 1985, and granted Dalian economic management authority; In July of the same year, the sixth Party Congress was held in Dalian, and the goal of "building Dalian into a socialist modern port, industrial, cultural and tourist city with political stability, economic prosperity, scientific development, cultural prosperity, rich people and beautiful environment" was put forward.

1in may, 1990, Dalian held its seventh party congress, and put forward the goal of "striving to build Dalian into a socialist modern international city with high openness, strong attraction, strong radiation, multi-function and strong comprehensiveness by the end of this century or for a longer period of time". 1992 10 According to Comrade Deng Xiaoping's important speech on inspecting the south and the spirit of the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Dalian has formulated the outline of Dalian's new economic step planning, proposing that' according to the requirements of building a socialist modern international city, Dalian will be initially built into a northern port in about 20 years, basically realizing modernization and becoming an important international transportation hub, an industrial base with developed science, technology and commerce in Northeast Asia.

1May 1994, Dalian was upgraded from a prefecture-level city to a sub-provincial city.

1June 1995, the eighth party congress was held in Dalian. According to Comrade Deng Xiaoping's important speech on inspecting the south and the spirit of the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the goal of "building Dalian into a socialist northern port" put forward by the Municipal Party Committee is the concretization of building a modern international city, and it is clearly stated that "by 20 10, Dalian will be initially built into a socialist northern port, basically modernized, and become an important international transportation hub, technologically advanced industrial base and one of the trade, finance, tourism and information centers in Northeast Asia". Make Dalian have the urban function and economic operation mechanism similar to Hong Kong, and become a modern international city with strong economic strength, developed science and technology, rich people's lives, sound democracy and legal system and good social atmosphere.

At the beginning of 1999, General Secretary Jiang wrote an inscription for Dalian's centennial construction:' A hundred years' baptism, the pearl of the north shines'. In June 5438+February of the same year, the Dalian Municipal Committee held the Tenth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee, and put forward that' strive to create a new situation in political construction in an all-round way at the beginning of the next century, strive to achieve a new breakthrough in economic development, and build Dalian into a modern international city with developed economy, perfect functions, beautiful environment, social stability, cultural prosperity, good market atmosphere and people living and working in peace and contentment as soon as possible. '

In 2000, when Premier Zhu Rongji visited Dalian, he proposed that Dalian had the conditions to become an internationally famous city. 200 1, 1, Dalian Municipal Committee held the 12th plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee, and proposed that by the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the whole city should basically have the functions of regional international shipping center, business center, tourism center, financial center and information center, become an important central city and an international scenic tourist city along the northern coast of China, and strive to build a socialist modern international city with coordinated development of culture, sports and modern industries.