About physical education teaching

My ideal sports (1) Zhu Yongxin [repost]

Sports is a competition of strength, and the two armies are against each other. Who can compete for the championship is thrilling;

Sports is a contest of wisdom. Whoever has a trick up his sleeve is unpredictable.

Sports is a beautiful display, combining rigidity with softness, and whoever is better will be pleasing to the eye.

From the wrestling among slaves in the ancient Roman arena to the competition among athletes in the modern Olympic Games, sports has always been the excitement of human society and the focus of education.

With the evolution of human history, the progress of society and the development of civilization, the position and mission of sports in human development are constantly changing, and the function and value of sports are constantly maturing and improving. Especially in today's era, the requirements for people's quality and harmonious development of body and mind make sports develop vigorously day by day, and sports have an increasing influence on social civilization and people's lives.

However, in school, the nature and function of physical education have been deviated and weakened. Under the pressure of entrance examination, physical education has become a dispensable "small class" or "vase" in some schools. Sports are only satisfied with imparting skills and improving physical fitness, but the spiritual significance and lofty realm of sports have been diluted and forgotten, which undoubtedly leads sports into a dead end. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine sports and call for the ideal sports in our hearts.

First, my ideal sports should embody the Olympic spirit, train students to pursue "faster, higher and stronger" on the road of life, improve themselves and reflect the sublimity of human nature.

Constantly adapting to and transforming nature, and constantly pursuing new achievements and new breakthroughs are the reflection of human nature. Because of the exhibition and promotion of sports, it has been perfected and sublimated because of the existence and development of the Olympics. The motto of the Olympic Games is "Faster, Higher and Stronger", which was put forward by Father Didong, a good friend of Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Movement, and was later borrowed by Coubertin into the Olympic Movement. 1920, it was officially recognized as the Olympic motto by the International Olympic Committee, and was first used in the 7th Olympic Games in Antwerp. The pursuit of "faster, higher and stronger", the infinite yearning for infinite power and the constant challenge to the limits of human ability are the values embodied in competitive sports and the goals pursued by the Olympics.

In western cultural concepts, body and spirit are inseparable. Without a strong body, it is difficult to have a strong spirit. In order to make a strong spirit include a strong body, there are marathon, discus throwing, bullfighting, boxing and wrestling. It is in these sports that we think are almost cruel that people's spirit of competition, struggle, adventure and innovation can be cultivated and displayed. What will mountaineering expeditions do when they conquer one mountain after another with their lives as collateral, when the strongest in the Yangtze River plunges into stormy waves, when bungee jumpers jump off cliffs, and when weightlifters break world records and advance towards new goals? Their goal is only one, that is, "faster, higher and stronger". The endless pursuit of athletes, the improvement of every 0.0 1 second, the emergence of every new technical action and every wonderful performance are the concentrated embodiment and vivid portrayal of this spirit. And this spirit, isn't it what modern society should advocate and carry forward? Isn't it necessary for human survival and development?

This Olympic spirit of "Faster, Higher and Stronger" is very important for growing students. Only by constantly pursuing Excellence and challenging ourselves can we achieve extraordinary achievements and have a brilliant life. "There is no best, only better" is not only the advertising slogan of Lang Ping for Okma, but also the portrayal of the spirit of China women's volleyball team, and the life of this excellent athlete and coach. In physical education teaching, it is more important to encourage students to attack faster, higher and stronger, and to encourage students to keep forging ahead, in a sense, than to form certain sports skills and obtain certain sports achievements.

Pursuing "faster, higher and stronger" and challenging the limits of human ability is the spirit to be advocated by the Olympic Movement, but it is not the only goal. The modern Olympic movement mainly embodies a humanistic spirit, which embodies the respect for humanity, human rights and humanity. It advocates caring for people and respecting their values through physical activities. In the view of humanistic sports, sports is not only a powerful smelting, but also an important field that regards people's emotions, attitudes and ideals as educational orientation, thus embodying the beauty and loftiness of human nature. The fundamental purpose of Coubertin's revival of the Olympic Games is not only to promote the popularization of competitive sports, but also to bring it into the category of human education and humanities, that is, to achieve the humanistic goal of education through scientific sports and equal competition. Therefore, sports spirit is also a humanistic spirit.

First of all, sports is an important form of human self-improvement and self-development. Sports takes the human body itself as the object of action, and under the guidance of scientific training and exercise principles, with a series of regular body movements, it has a direct impact on the human body, so that the anatomical structure and physiological function of the human body are positively improved, thus achieving the effect of muscular development, responsive and energetic, and embodying the perfect combination of strength and beauty. This function and value cannot be replaced by other forms of human activities. Secondly, sports not only affect people's body, but also have an important impact on people's spiritual world. Enterprising spirit, fighting spirit, fair competition spirit, unity and friendship spirit, patriotism and internationalism spirit, etc. What is shown in sports is the embodiment of beautiful human nature. Therefore, whether physically or mentally, sports can and should promote the perfection of people and reflect the sublimity of life.

Education has undoubtedly been neglected for a long time for the above functions and functions of physical education. The definition of sports in Ci Hai only stays at the level of "education to enhance physical fitness and health", and the Education Volume of Encyclopedia of China also defines sports in this way: "It is an important part of all-round development education to impart fitness knowledge and skills to the educated, enhance their physical fitness and cultivate activities to exercise their physical habits consciously." In this way, sports pursues the realm of "faster, higher and stronger", and sports embodies the lofty charm of human nature, which is greatly discounted in school education, and this should be the ideal pursued by sports.

Second, the ideal sports in my mind should focus on honing students' will, so that students will never give up and never stop, and develop perseverance.

Mr. Lu Xun said in the article "The Beginning and the End": "When we watch the sports meeting, we often think that the winners are respectable, and the athletes who are backward but have not yet reached the finish line and the audience who are stunned by these athletes are the backbone of China's future." The most important quality of such athletes is perseverance.

Will is a psychological process of consciously determining the purpose, adjusting internal and external activities according to the purpose, and overcoming various difficulties. Active and healthy will activities have the following qualities. One is self-consciousness, that is, according to one's own understanding of the development law of objective things, one can consciously determine the purpose of action and take effective action methods step by step, thus improving self-consciousness and reducing blindness. The second is decisiveness, that is, you can make decisions without hesitation; When it is necessary to postpone the decision, we can think deeply and take corresponding measures until the time is ripe. Third, perseverance, that is, being able to persistently carry out the decision to the end without being disturbed by various temptations and scared away by various difficulties and setbacks; Neither complacent because of success, nor discouraged because of failure. Fourth, self-control, that is, being able to control one's emotions, restrain one's words and deeds, be patient, be diligent, be good at controlling emotions with reason, restrain excessive desires with lofty goals, gather scattered attention with self-control methods, and so on.

Obviously, sports, as a powerful sport, need participants to have these excellent will qualities. It is precisely because sports is a powerful sport that it will play its unique role and value in cultivating individual healthy will quality. One of the charms of sports is that it embodies the energy of human willpower. Whether it is training in class or competition on the field, students or athletes need to challenge their physical fitness, their past and their limits, and they need to grit their teeth and compete with their opponents until the last moment. "When two strong teams meet, the brave one wins", in the case of close competition, willpower often becomes the key to victory or defeat. We can see that in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, every medal won is closely related to the tenacious will and perseverance developed by the contestants in long-term physical training. When Zhan Xugang struggled to lift the weight he had never lifted, when Kong gritted his teeth to beat the world's top player Waldner, when badminton teenagers Zhang Jun and Gao Ling were fearless in the face of the world's number one strong opponent, and when the race walker Wang Liping came to the finish line with his endurance and perseverance ... At this moment, the glittering medals were not so important in the eyes of the audience, but they were shining, exciting and unforgettable.

A friend who came back from America said with emotion: In America, many children can't know Clinton, but they can't help knowing Jordan. Love sports, pursue health, take part in competitions and worship heroes. This sport has been rooted in children's hearts since childhood. All countries in the world attach great importance to physical education, and so does it. For example, in Germany's ten-year compulsory schools, physical education ranks third in the school education plan, second only to German and mathematics. Cuba, France and other countries stipulate that physical education class, a primary and secondary school student, fails or fails to meet the requirements of the syllabus, so students cannot go to school or graduate. In public schools in Britain, students even engage in various sports activities all afternoon, with the aim of training students to adapt to various living environments and undertake various arduous tasks in the future. Many conservative ministers in Britain, 87% of the royal generals. 83% of archbishops, 65% of judges and 88% of diplomats have graduated from such schools. However, in recent years, due to the influence of the pursuit of enrollment rate, physical education has shrunk in modern education; However, due to the "independence" of being alone with women, children's hard-working quality, ability to bear setbacks, and good will qualities such as decisiveness, self-control and tenacity, there are few atmosphere and opportunities to be cultivated. Children have been spoiled and lazy since childhood, and some have become "chubby", some have become "small bean sprouts" and some have become "medicine jars", which is in line with the development of the times. Therefore, school physical education urgently needs to undertake the mission and responsibility of honing students' will. When talking about the related problems of modern sports in Dialogue of Educational Philosophy, Sang Xinmin and others said: Modern education needs a little spartan educational spirit, that is, emphasizing physical training and strengthening physical and mental training; It is necessary to set up some rough, rough, wild and strict semi-militarized physical education courses, so that students can consciously endure hardships and practice, strengthen their bones and muscles and enhance their physique. Therefore, only intense physical exercise can make students "bitter" mentally and "tired" physically and mentally, constantly experience joy and pain, success and failure, cultivate their perseverance and belief, and undertake the "heavy responsibility from heaven".

It should be noted that willpower is not only the embodiment of sports charm, but also the key to great success. American inventor Edison said: "The most obvious sign of a great man is his strong will. No matter how the environment changes, his original intention and hope will not change at all, but he will eventually overcome obstacles and achieve the expected goals. " If the willpower cultivated and exercised in physical education class is transferred to other subjects' study and future work and life, it will undoubtedly blossom brilliant flowers of success and enrich life.

Thirdly, the ideal sports in my mind should focus on cultivating students' spirit of cooperation, collective feelings and patriotic sentiments, and make sports activities an important way to cultivate self-cultivation.

Zuckerman, an American female scientist, made statistics. In the first 25 years of the Nobel Prize, only 41%of the winners of cooperative research; 65% in the second 25 years; 79% in the third 25 years. Nowadays, few people enjoy exclusive fame. America's "Apollo moon landing program" cost $25 billion, with 420,000 scientists and staff directly involved. "Cooperation" has become a basic form of scientific research. "Learning to cooperate" is one of the basic concepts of modern education. The World Education Conference held in Sweden in 20001year took it as the theme of the conference and regarded it as the basic goal of education in 2 1 century.

As a competitive activity, physical education is an effective means to cultivate students' competitive consciousness. At the same time, sports can cultivate individuals' sense of cooperation and seek their internal unity. Practice has proved that an excellent sports team not only requires athletes to have excellent sports talents and high-level competitive ability, but also requires athletes' sports teams to provide them with a collective atmosphere to fully tap and display their sports talents. Especially in team events, it is more necessary for each athlete to effectively play the individual level and the overall team level of coordinated operations. Even in individual events, the success of athletes reflects the collective wisdom. At the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, China made remarkable achievements in men's gymnastics, table tennis, badminton and weightlifting, which were closely related to the athletes' spirit of cooperation, collective feelings and patriotism.

All kinds of sports always have the characteristics of competition and appraisal. However, in antagonistic competitions, individuals and groups not only confront each other in sports, but also blend their thoughts and feelings. Whether it is track and field, ball games, gymnastics, swimming, etc. The sports behavior of the participating athletes is not only influenced by their own physical and mental factors, but also by teammates, coaches, referees, spectators, sports norms, sports atmosphere, roles and responsibilities among athletes. It is under the influence of this comprehensive factor that an athlete's sports behavior is no longer a simple individual behavior. He should cultivate excellent moral qualities such as friendliness, sympathy, understanding, cooperation, unity and politeness in sports, and establish team spirit and collective feelings. With this team spirit and collective feelings, players can understand each other's thoughts and feelings, trust each other, cooperate and support each other in action, and the tactical cooperation of the whole team will be more effective; With this team spirit and collective feelings, team members can form a United psychological atmosphere, encourage each other when they encounter difficulties, and celebrate each other when they win. In addition, team spirit and collective feelings will strongly support each athlete's individual competitive psychology, maintain their due mental state in the competition, enhance their self-confidence, courage and reasonable sense of honor in the competition, and strengthen their sense of responsibility and cooperation of "I am a tree in the forest" and "I can't make a forest by myself".

The spirit of cooperation in sports activities will undoubtedly exert great energy if it is transferred to other fields of work. Sun Jinfang, the old captain of China Women's Volleyball Team, conquered the "Oriental Witch" and the world power with their team spirit of unity and cooperation, leading for more than ten years. After she became the director of the National Sports Lottery Center, she once said with deep understanding: "Long-term collective training and competition have cultivated the team spirit of athletes. In the lottery work, it is reflected in mutual learning, mutual help, prohibition, coordination, and small bureau obeying the overall situation. " During the period of 1997, we didn't encounter too many obstacles in the process of unifying the national sports lottery computer network, because all the places that have established local computer networks resolutely obey the decision of the National Sports Lottery Center, abandon their independent networks, merge into the national unified network, and consciously accept the unified control and management of the National Sports Lottery Center.

Therefore, in school physical education teaching, physical education teachers should not only teach students to master basic sports skills, but also teach students to pursue the Olympic spirit and let them learn to cooperate. It is necessary to guide students to form freely combined sports interest groups or clubs, and encourage students to carry out colorful extracurricular sports activities. When guiding students to oppose team competitions, we should not only encourage students to dare to fight and fight, but also encourage students to cooperate tacitly and oppose individual heroism.

In cross-regional and transnational sports competitions, the spirit of cooperation and collective feelings of athletes often rise to noble patriotism and internationalism. At that time, China women's volleyball team reached the peak of the world from a very low level in the 1950s and 1980s, which was closely related to their sportsmanship of "courageously climbing the peak and winning glory for our country". Yan Wenjing, a famous writer, once wrote in a poem dedicated to China women's volleyball team: No matter how much legacy our ancestors left us to be proud of, we need to create new things with our own hands. China table tennis team shines brilliantly in the world table tennis field, and its achievements are enduring, which is also the crystallization of people's struggle for their country from generation to generation. Whenever the national anthem is played and the national flag is flying, the excited tears of athletes and coaches are not only the joy of victory, but also the most sincere pride and happiness for their motherland. It also aroused the patriotic passion of countless people.

Physical education teaching should make full use of various activities and opportunities to educate students in patriotism. When the Chinese Olympic Committee conquered the hearts of the jury members and successfully won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games, when the China football team beat Oman in Shenyang and rushed out of Asia two rounds ahead of schedule, and when China athletes frequently sang songs on the field, physical education teachers should seize the opportunity to organize various activities, which not only let students know all kinds of sports knowledge, but also let them develop patriotic feelings, cultivate their sense of identity and pride in the motherland, and inspire them to keep forging ahead in their future study and work, winning glory for the country.

Fourthly, the ideal physical education in my mind should focus on cultivating students to abide by the rules, learn the concept of justice and fairness, stay away from fraud and form an honest character.

As a competitive sport, sports is standardized, cooperative and organized. Every sport and every movement has strict norms and competition rules. These norms play a "discipline" role in athletes' behavior, showing a kind of order, restraint and restraint, and embodying the scientific and fair nature of sports. Physical training should first cultivate norms, guide students to practice and fulfill norms, and gradually form habits.

Especially in today's world, the level of sports is constantly improving, and the rules of sports competitions are gradually becoming more strict and complicated. As athletes and coaches, we must study the rules and technical development trends of various sports and competitions, and formulate and implement scientific training methods and measures that meet the requirements of norms and technologies. In physical exercise, we should cultivate students' obedience to norms, and give full play to students' subjective initiative and creativity under the constraint of objective norms.

Students, athletes, coaches and referees have standardized consciousness and discipline in the competition, which is a manifestation of civilization, a high sense of responsibility for sports and a moral obligation. Rong Zhixing, an outstanding old athlete in China, played football in a civilized way 18 years, and never intentionally hurt anyone. Even if he was intentionally violated by the other side, he never retaliated, thus forming a "domineering style" that was praised by people and influenced generations of athletes. In the third World Cup volleyball match, when the referee made a mistake, Sun Jinfang, the former captain of China women's volleyball team, raised his hand and smiled to show obedience. At the end of the competition, she was awarded "Excellent Athlete" and "Best Athlete" awards.

With the improvement of science and technology, the material life and consumption level of human society are also improving rapidly. At the same time, people's pursuit of material interests has become the main value orientation. Under this influence, sports, as a kind of competitive sports, has also appeared the obvious phenomenon of attaching importance to material rather than spirit, which has brought a negative impact on the sports spirit that should be fair competition, triggered all kinds of bad behaviors in sports competitions, and appeared the bad atmosphere of jealousy, vanity, fraud and so on. When analyzing the "alienation phenomenon" of athletes' identity and qualifications, Mr. Kong Qingpeng, a senior sports director in Jiangsu Province, said: "Some people try their best to defraud achievements, honors and interests in order to seek fame and fortune, so that the competition has changed beyond recognition. The traditional sports competition at the grassroots level has become a regional school competition; The youth competition has become a competition between big brothers and little sisters, a competition between bearded and beardless people, and even a competition between elders and younger generations; The provincial competition has become a small national games; Middle school students' competitions, college students' competitions, workers' competitions, and farmers' competitions, a large number of fake students, fake workers, and fake farmers dress up in disguise. They steal gold and silver and divide medals. " In all kinds of major competitions, a few athletes and coaches are eager for quick success and instant benefit, taking risks, taking stimulants to improve their performance, and playing "fake ball" to engage in behind-the-scenes transactions; There are also a few referees who make one-sided arbitration in the competition under the temptation of material interests, and so on. It is conceivable that all these ugly phenomena that run counter to modern sports spirit will have a negative impact on teenagers' psychology.