Propaganda slogan of transgenic biotechnology

A: The application of transgenic technology in agricultural production mainly includes insect-resistant transgenic plants, disease-resistant transgenic plants, herbicide-resistant transgenic plants, abiotic stress-resistant transgenic plants, quality-improved transgenic plants and other transgenic plants. The transgenic technology mainly includes Agrobacterium-mediated method, electroporation method, polyethylene glycol-mediated method, gene gun method, pollen tube pathway method and so on. Principle of transgenic technology: the target gene is artificially separated and recombined, and then introduced and integrated into the genome of the organism to improve the original characteristics of the organism or give it new excellent characteristics.

First, the application of transgenic technology in agricultural production.

1, specific application

(1) Insect-resistant transgenic plants

① Transgene insect-resistant genes into plants to make plants immune to pests, thereby reducing the harm of pests to plants and reducing the use of pesticides, such as transgenic cotton.

② At present, the commonly used insect-resistant genes mainly include plant lectin gene, amylase inhibitor gene, Bt toxin protein gene, protease inhibitor gene and so on.

(2) Disease-resistant transgenic plants

① Disease-resistant transgenic plants are similar to insect-resistant transgenic plants, mainly by transferring disease-resistant genes into plants to prevent plants from suffering from corresponding diseases and reduce the use of herbicides.

② At present, transgenic plants resistant to diseases mainly include antiviral papaya, rice resistant to sheath blight and rice blast, tobacco resistant to gray mold, strawberry resistant to anthracnose, powdery mildew and angular leaf spot, and citrus resistant to leprosy, citrus canker and green fruit disease.

③ At present, the commonly used disease resistance genes mainly include plant virus coat protein gene, ribosome inactivating protein gene, virus replicase gene, interferon gene and bactericidal peptide gene from non-plant sources, such as Arabidopsis RPS2 gene and tomato PTO gene.

(3) herbicide-resistant transgenic plants

① Transgene herbicide-resistant genes into plants to avoid phytotoxicity caused by spraying herbicides.

② Common herbicide-resistant transgenic plants include glyphosate-resistant soybeans, corn, cotton, rape, sunflower, beet and rice, imidazolinone-resistant corn, rape, beet and rice, sulfonylurea-resistant soybeans, cotton, bromoxynil-resistant cotton and tobacco. Transgenic crops with herbicide resistance in China include Basta-resistant rice, wheat, tobacco, rape, sesame, atrazine-resistant soybean, bromoxynil-resistant rape, wheat and glyphosate-resistant wheat.

③ Commonly used herbicide-resistant genes mainly include AROA gene resistant to glyphosate, BXN gene resistant to bromoxynil, CSRL gene resistant to chlorsulfuron, BAR gene resistant to PPT herbicide, TFDA gene degrading 2,4-D and so on.

(4) Transgenic plants resistant to abiotic stress

① The research on abiotic stress-resistant transgenic plants mainly focuses on drought-tolerant, saline-alkali tolerant, high-temperature tolerant and low-temperature tolerant transgenic plants.

② Salt-tolerant transgenic tomatoes, soybeans, rice and fast-growing poplars were successfully cultivated in the laboratory of School of Biology, Shandong Normal University, and Monsanto promoted and planted the world's first drought-tolerant transgenic corn in the western United States. In addition, scientists transferred the antifreeze gene of Arctic flounder into strawberry, and successfully cultivated transgenic antifreeze strawberry.

③Murata introduced glycerol -3- phosphate acetyltransferase gene from Arabidopsis chloroplast into tobacco, which improved the cold resistance of transgenic tobacco.

④ At present, the main stress-resistant genes are proline synthase gene, betaine synthase gene, osmotic adjustment protein gene, alcohol dehydrogenase gene and antifreeze protein gene.

(5) Transgenic plants with improved quality

① Improve the contents of vitamins and trace elements in plants through transgenic technology, and improve the quality of protein, the most famous of which is golden rice. -Genes related to carotene synthesis, cultivated by transferring into rice).

② Using transgenic technology to express the gene encoding galactose lactone dehydrogenase in plants to improve the vitamin C content of plants.

③ Introducing the gene rich in essential amino acids from corn seeds into potato, so that the content of essential amino acids in transgenic potato stems can be increased by more than 10%.

④ In addition, transgenic citrus with increased anthocyanins, cereals and non-cereals with increased folic acid are rich in? Transgenic Chinese kale seeds containing -3 fatty acid health factors.

(6) Other transgenic plants

① Other transgenic plants mainly include transgenic plants that control fruit ripening, transgenic plants that increase yield and transgenic plants that are resistant to storage and efficient in nutrient utilization.

② By transferring the key enzyme genes controlling ethylene synthesis, the fresh-keeping period of some fruits, vegetables and melons can be prolonged.

③ Transgenic technology improved the metabolic capacity of ryegrass, and the wheat yield increased by about 40%.

④ Transgenic technology can improve the ability of potato to resist injury and prevent browning, and prolong the storage time of potato.

⑤ Promote the absorption of trace elements by transferring the encoded iron regulatory protein.

2. Main methods of plant transgenic technology

Plant transgenic technology mainly includes electroporation, PEG-mediated method, Agrobacterium-mediated method, gene gun method, pollen tube pathway method and so on.

Second, the principle of transgenic technology

1. Transgenic technology mainly uses modern biotechnology to introduce the required target gene into the genome of the target organism after artificial separation and recombination, so as to improve the original traits of the organism or endow it with new excellent traits to better meet people's needs.

2. Transgenic technology can not only transfer new foreign genes, but also process, knock out and shield biological genes, thus changing the genetic characteristics of biological hooves and finally obtaining the expected excellent traits. The main process of this technology includes cloning of foreign genes, construction of expression vectors, establishment of genetic transformation system, screening of genetic transformants, genetic stability analysis and backcross transfer.